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김광우,이문섭,김중렬,이순제 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-
본 연구는 정하중하에서 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 저항특성을 측정할 수 있는 새로운 시험방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2가지 골재(편마암, 화강암)와 6가지 아스팔트(일반아스팔트, 5가지 개질 아스팔트)를 사용하여 총 12개의 밀입도 혼합물을 제작하였다. 마샬 배합설계를 통해 최적아스팔트 함량을 구하고, 결정된 최적아스팔트 함량으로 마샬공시체(S=10 cm)와 자이레토리 공시체(S=15cm)를 제작하여 마샬안정도시험, 휠 트랙킹 시험, 개발된 김테스트(Kim -test)를 수행하였다. 김테스트는 공시체와 하중봉을 지지할 수 있는 김시험장치(Kim tester)를 이용하여 하단이 반경(r) 0.5 또는 1.0cm로 원형절삭한 직경(D) 3cm, 4cm의 하중봉을 사용한다. 또한 재하는 마샬 하중재하 장치를 사용하여 공시체를 60℃ 수조에 30분동안 수침시킨 후 실시되었다. 정하중은 공시체의 직경방향이 아닌 축 방향으로 50 mm/min가 가해졌고, 최대하중(P_max)과 수직변형(y)이 측정되었다. 마샬안정도시험과 간접인장강도시험에서 얻어지는 것과 유사한 곡선이 각각의 시험에서 얻어졌다. 강도값은 P_max, r, y 및 H(=D-2r)을 이용한 K_D=4P_max/π(H+2√(2ry-y^2))^2식을 통하여 계산하였고, 이를 변형강도(kgf/㎠)로 정의하였다. 실험결과, 공시체 직경이나 골재종류보다는 하중봉과 하중봉 하단의 원형처리 여부가 K_D와 P_max 값에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 통계분석결과에서 K_D가 소성변형 깊이와 동적 안정도에 높은 상관성을 보였다. 향후 연구를 통해 K_D의 유효성이 검증된다면, Kim-test는 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 저항성을 판단할 수 있는 시험방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. This study dealt with developing a new approach for finding properties which might represent rut resistance characteristics of asphalt mixture under static loading. Two aggregates, a normal asphalt (pen 60-70) and 5 PMAs were used in preparation of 12 dense-grade mixtures. Marshall mix design was used in determination of the optimum asphalt content (OAC) and each mixture at the OAC was prepared for a newly-developed Kim test on Marshall specimen (S=10 cm) and gyratory specimen (S=15cm), and for wheel tracking test. Kim test used Marshall loading frame and the specimen was conditioned for 30min at 60℃ before loading through Kim tester, and apparatus consisting of a loading column and a specimen and column holder. Diameter (D) of column was 3cm and 4cm with each column having different radius (r) of round cut at the bottom. The static load was applied at 50mm/min in axial direction of the specimen, not in diameteral direction, and the maximum load (P_max) and vertical deformation (y) at the maximum load point were measured. A curve, similar to the one from a Marshall test or static indirect tensile strength test was obtained from each test. A strength value was calculated based on the P_max, H(=D-2r). r and y by using the equation K_D=4P_max/π(H+2√(2ry-y^2))^2 and is defined as deformation strength (kgf/㎠). The values of P_max/y and K_I=K-D/y were also calculated to see if these have any correlation with rutting. In general, D and r were significant factors affecting K_D, while specimen size was not. The statistical analyses results showed the K_D had the best correlation with rut depth and dynamic stability. The next best correlation was found from P_max which was followed by P_max/y and K_I in order. Therefore, K_D can be used for selecting the highly resistable asphalt mixture against permanent deformation.
양병환,조연규,김창현,황순택,오동열 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.2
The purpose of this study was to examine the content validity of DSM-Ⅲ-R personality disorder(PDs). A 3-point rating scale of 150 preliminary diagnostic criteria including 95 DSM-Ⅲ-R PD diagnostic criteria was sent to psychiatrists. Each item in this scale was rated by psychiatrists(n=101) in term of prototypicality to every DSM-Ⅲ-R PD. The results show that each PD criteria set of DSM-Ⅲ-R was registered high level of interrater consistency and items listed in the DSM-Ⅲ-R were, for the most part, rated as very prototypical to their DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis. Some criteria were, however, not rated to characteristic features to their DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis. 11 items of DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnostic criteria scored high not only to their DSM-Ⅲ-R diagnosis but also other diagnosis. 16 items rated as high prototypicality item of other diagnosis. Another 16 items seemed not to be appropriate to any of DSM-Ⅲ-R PD diagnosis. These results suggest that the content validity of the DSM-Ⅲ-R personality disorder is not so high.
Kim Young-Jin,Seo Hong-Yul,Park Tae-Il,Baek So-Hyeon,Shin Woon-Chul,Kim Hyun-Soon,Kim Jung-Gon,Choi Yong-Eui,Yun Song-Joong The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.7 No.3
This study was conducted to improve tocopherol (vitamin E) composition in soybean (Glycine max) by introducing a gamma-tocopherol methyl transferase (${\gamma}$-TMT) gene via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Immature cotyledon explants were cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Putative transgenic embryos were selected from immature cotyledons on MS medium supplemented with 40 mg/L 2,4-D containing 100 mg/L kanamycin, 500 mg/L carbenicillin and 250 mg/L cefotaxime. Plantlets were developed from somatic embryos, and then transferred to soil. Nineteen regenerated plantlets obtained on the selection medium from 1,460 cotyledons. However, only 9 plantlets were confirmed as transformed plants. Integration of the transgene into the soybean genomic DNA was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. HPLC analysis showed that the content of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in transgenic soybean seeds (AT-1) was approximately 4-fold higher than that of non-transgenic plants. Conclusively, we obtained the transgenic soybean having increased ${\alpha}$-tocopherol content by the overexpression of ${\gamma}$-TMT transgene.
Impaired but reversible vascular reactivity in a rat model of microgravity
( Soon Yul Kim ),( Hyun Kyo Lim ),( Young Bok Lee ),( Jae Chan Choi ),( Jong Taek Park ),( Myoung Chan Ahn ),( Kwang Ho Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2008 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.55 No.5
Background: The hindlimb unweighting (HLU) rat model mimics cardiovascular deconditioning following microgravity or human bed rest, particularly for the development of orthostatic intolerance. We have examined vascular responses to α1 adrenergic and non-α1 adrenergic agonists in vitro. We have also explored the reversibility of the contractile abnormalities observed. Methods: Dose-response curves were generated to phenylephrine (PE) and norepinephrine (NE) (10-9 to 10-4 M), U46619 (U4) (10-10 to 10-6 M) at one-half log order intervals in controls (n=6), HLU (n=6), or recovered rats (n=6). EC50s and maximal responses (Emax) were calculated by nonlinear logistic regression analysis with PRIZM software (Graphpad, Mountain View, CA). Results: Simulated microgravity results in attenuated contractile responses to both α1 adrenergic and non-α1 adrenergic agonists, but the impaired contractile phenomenon reverses with time. Conclusions: The decreased vascular reactivity after microgravity and prolonged bed rest could cause attenuated baroreflex function and produce orthostatic intolerance, but that problem resolved with time. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2008;55:602~6)
Occurrence of Potato Powdery Scab Caused by Spongospora subterranea in Korea
Kim, Jeom-Soon,Ryu, Kyoung-Yul,Kim, Jong-Tae,Lee, Young-Gue,Cheon, Jeong-Uk The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2003 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.19 No.6
Potato tubers with scab lesions were found in several regions of Gangwon province in Korea during disease surveys in 2000 and 2001. The lesions appeared as shallow scabs with torn and raised skin around the periphery of the lesion. Sometimes the lesions expanded on tuber surface and formed hollowed-out areas. The causal organism was identified as Spongospora subterranea based on morphological characteristics using light and electron microscope. Ten cultivars of potato were evaluated to select resistant cultivars against powdery scab. Among the 10 cultivars, Jowon, Superior, and Atlantic were resistant, while Sephody, Gawon, and Irish Cobbler were susceptible to powdery scab. In the pathogenicity test, typical symptoms of powdery scab were formed on potato tubers, and galls developed on root hairs. This is the first report of powdery scab of potato caused by S. subterranea in Korea.
Kim, Yong-Yul,Kwon, Soon-Ho,Jo, Aruna,Kim, Yang-Gil,Lee, Jei-Wan,Kang, Kyu-Suk Canadian Science Publishing 2018 Canadian journal of forest research. Journal canad Vol.48 No.6
<P> To reveal the genetic mechanisms behind drought tolerance, we attempted to identify the drought-responsive genes in Populus tremula var. davidiana (Dode) C.K. Schneid. and eight other species of Populus. Nine drought-responsive genes were assayed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping using TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR. A total of 346 SNPs were found from the 101 sequences of the nine genes. Among them, 57 primers were selected for SNP genotyping and haplotype determination. For the SNP genotyping, 56 assays were applicable to section Leuce Duby, 53 to section Aigeiros Duby, 50 to Populus maximowiczii Henry, and 52 to Populus simonii Carrière. The expectation maximization algorithm was implemented to determine haplotypes among species and sections. A total of 78 haploid types were estimated from nine drought-responsive gene loci, and the average number of haploid types per locus was 8.67. The analysis of genetic diversity revealed that P. tremula var. davidiana had substantial levels of genetic variation for the nine drought-responsive genes, which was higher than the eight other species. The means of observed number of alleles (NA) and heterozygosity (Ho) were 5.33 and 0.6609, respectively. Analysis of the genetic differentiation of P. tremula var. davidiana showed that 7.52% of genetic variation was among populations and the remaining was within a population. </P>