주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환아에서 주의력 과제와 관련된 대뇌의 기능적 국소화

신동원,송동호,전덕인,남궁기,이만홍,이홍식,민성길 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애는 주의력에 결함이 있는 장애이다. 주의력에 주로 관여하는 부위는 전두엽과 두정엽으로서 이전 연구에서 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자의 전두엽과 두정엽의 이상에 대하여 보고되어 왔으나, 대부분 안정상태에서 정상인과 비교한 연구들이다. 이에 본 연구는 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자가 주의를 요하는 과제를 실행하는 동안 활성화되는 뇌의 양상을 정량화 뇌파를 이용하여 파악하고, 활성화 양상에 있어 정상인과의 차이점을 확인해 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자의 주의력 결함과 관계된 뇌의 국소적 병태를 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자의 주의력 결함과 관계된 뇌의 국소적 병태를 밝히고자 하였다. 또한 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애의 치료제인 methylphenidate를 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자에게 투여하여 주의력 과제 중에 활성화되는 뇌 양상의 변화를 알아보고, 치료제가 주의력을 높이는 기전에 대한 이해를 넓히고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상자는 환자 20명, 정상인 20명으로 총 40명이었다. 두 군은 성별, 나이, 손잡이, 지능에 있어서 차이가 없도록 선발되었다. 정상인은 안정 상태와 주의력 과제를 실행하는 동안 정량화 뇌파를 측정하였다. 환자군은 methylphenidate를 투여한 상태와 투여하지 않은 상태에서 각각 안정 상태와 주의력 과제를 실행하는 동안 정량화 뇌파를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 집중력 검사상, 정상대조군이 투약 전 환자군에 비해 목표자극에 대한 정반응 시간과 목표 자극에 대한 정반응 시간의 표준편차에 있어 유의하게 낮은 점수를 보여 집중력이 좋음을 알 수 있었다. 환자군은 누락 오류, 목표 자극에 대한 평균 정반응 시간, 표준편차에 있어 투약 전에 비해 투약 후에 유의하게 낮은 점수를 얻어, 투약 후 집중력이 유의하게 호전됨을 확인하였다. 정상 대조군과 투약 후 환자군 사이에 집중력 검사상 차이는 없었다. 2) 안정상태에서 얻은 정량화 뇌파의 모든 파 영역에서 환자군은 정상군에 비해 유의하게 뇌파의 전위가 증가해 있었다. 3) 정량화 뇌파의 delta 파 영역에서 뇌파를 분석한 결과, 정상 대조군의 경우, 주의력 과제 중에는 안정상태에 비하여 두정-후두엽 부위의 전위가 유의하게 증가하였으나, 환자군에서는 주의력 과제 중에 유의하게 전위가 증가하는 부위가 없어, 국소화한 뇌 활성 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. 4) Theta 파 영역에서, 정상 대조군의 경우, 주의력 과제 중에는 안정상태에 비해 우측 전두엽, 우측 측두엽, 양측 두정-후두엽 부위에서 전위가 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 환자군에서 투약하기 전에는 유의하게 증가하는 부위가 없었다. 환자군에서 투약 후에는 우측 전두엽, 우측 측두엽, 양측 두정-후두엽 부위에서 유의하게 전위가 증가해, 정상 대조군과 유사한 뇌활성도의 변화 양상을 보였다. 5) Alpha 파 영역에서, 정상 대조군의 경우, 주의력 과제 중에는 안정상태와 비교해 두정-후두엽 부위만이 유의하게 뇌파가 증가하는 반면, 투약하지 않은 환자군의 경우 광범위한 부위에서 유의하게 뇌파가 증가하여 뇌 활성 변화 부위가 국소화되지 않았다. 6) Beta 파 영역에서, 정상 대조군의 경우 안정상태에 비해 주의력 과제 중에는 좌측 전두엽과 Cz 부위만이 유의하게 전위가 증가하는 반면, 투약 하지 않은 환자군의 경우 거의 모든 뇌부위에서 전위가 유의하게 증가해 뇌의 활성 변화 부위가 국소화되지 않았다. 투약한 후에는 좌측 전두엽과 양측 측두엽의 뇌파가 유의하게 증가해 국소화한 뇌 활성 변화 양상을 보였다. 결 론 : 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자는 안정상태에서 정상인과 비교해 뇌파상 비정상적으로 활성화되어 있다. 정상인의 경우, 공간 자극에 관계된 주의력 과제 실행시 주로 전두엽과 두정-후두엽이 활성화되었으나 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자는 국소적인 뇌활성화에 실패하였다. 주의력결핍 과잉운동장애 환자의 주의력 결함은 전두엽과 두정-후두엽 부위의 병태와 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : The attentional deficit is a core symptom in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The major brain areas related to attention are frontal and parietal lobes. Abnormalities of frontal and parietal lobes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have been reported in previous researches. But, most of the researches are based on comparing patients and controls while they are in resting condition. Further research on functional changes related to performance of attentional task is needed to understand the attentional dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this study, the localized functional changes of the brains related to attentional task in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the differences of them between patients and normal controls were examined. Also the effect of the methylphenidate on functional changes related to attentional task in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was examined. Method : Quantitative electroencephalography(QEEG) was applied to examine the fuctional changes related to attentional task. Subjects of this study consisted of 20 patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 20 controls who were matched age, sex, handedness, intelligence. QEEG was recorded on eye open resting condition, and on performing computerized attentional task. In cases of patients, after taking of methylphenidate, QEEG was recorded on both conditions. Results : 1) In attention test, normal controls had better scores in response time and variabilities of response time than those of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder without taking methylphenidate. After taking medication, scores of omission, response time and variabilities of response time were significantly improved, comparing to scores without taking medication. No differences were recognized between the controls and patients with taking medication in scores of attention test. 2) In resting condition, spectral EEG revealed baseline activity levels of patients were significantly increased comparing to those of controls. 3) Analysis of delta wave revealed that amplitudes of controls were significantly elevated in parieto-occipital area during performance of attentional task. But in patients, localized activated area related to attentional task was not remarkable. 4) Theta activity of controls were significantly elevated in right frontal, right temporal, and both parieto-occipital areas during performance of attentional task. But in patients without taking medication, localized activated area related to attentional work was not remarkable. After taking medication, right frontal, right temporal, and both parieto-occipital areas were significantly activated. 5) Alpha activities of controls were significantly increased in parieto-occipital area during performance of attentional task, but those of patient without taking medication were increased in broad area. 6) Beta activities of controls were significantly increased in frontal area during attentional performance, but those of patients without taking medication were significantly increased in most of the brain areas. After taking medication, significantly increased activities related to attentional task were recognized in left frontal, and both temporal areas. Localized activated patterns similar to those of controls were recognized. Conclusion : Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have increased baseline brain activity. In controls, brains showed localized response to a attentional stimuli, and functional changes related to attentional stimuli were recognized in frontal, and parieto-occipital areas. But, patients failed in showing appropriate localized activated response to attentional stimuli. It is concluded that frontal and parieto-occipital areas have some deficit responsible for the attentional dysfunction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

고식적 체외수정시술과 난자 세포질내 정자주입술에 의해 태어난 아이의 주산기 결과 및 선천성 기형 발생빈도의 비교 연구

임정은,유근재,이종표,이문섭,현우영,전진현,홍수정,송지홍,송인옥,백은찬,최범채,손일표,궁미경,강인수,전종영,박인서,Lim, Jeong-Eun,Yoo, Keun-Jai,Lee, Jong-Pyo,Lee, Moon-Seob,Hyun, Woo-Young,Jun, Jin-Hyun,Hong, Soo-Jeong,Song, Ji-Hong,Song, In-Ok,Paik, 대한생식의학회 1998 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.25 No.3

The safety of ICSI as a novel procedure of assisted fertilization may be assessed by the health of the baby born. In order to evaluate the safety of ICSI, perinatal outcome and congenital anomaly of the babies born after ICSI were compared with those of babies born after IVF (control group). We analysed the clinical data from the obstetric and pediatric records, including the information obtained through telephone. The results are as follows; Mean gestational age $({\pm}SEM)$ and birth weight in singleton pregnancy were $38.8{\pm}1.9$ weeks and $3209.7{\pm}501.9gm$ in IVF group, $39.0{\pm}2.2$ weeks and $3289.9{\pm}479.5gm$ in ICSI group, respectively. Mean gestational age and birth weight in twins were $36.8{\pm}2.1$ weeks and $2512.8{\pm}468.0gm$ in IVF group, $36.5{\pm}2.8$ weeks and $2492.7{\pm}537.1gm$ in ICSI group. In IVF group, perinatal mortality rates were 8.5 in singletons and 56.6 in twins; for the ICSI singletons and ICSI twins, the perinatal mortality rates were 11.6 and 49.0, respectively. The incidence of congenital malformations was 3.6% (8/224) in IVF group and 2.1% (4/188) in ICSI group, there was no statistical difference (p>0.05, Fisher's exact test). The incidence of major congenital anomalies was 0.9% (2/224; pulmonary artery hypoplasia, renal cystic dysplasia) in IVF group and 1.1% (2/188; holoprosencephaly, Cri du chat syndrome) in ICSI groups (p>0.05, Fisher's exact test). Similarly, there was no significant difference in incidence of minor congenital anormalies 2.7% (6/224) in IVF group and 1.1% (2/188) in ICSI group respectively (p>0.05, Fisher's exact test). In conclusion, there was no difference in the perinatal outcome and the incidence of congenital anomalies between the babies born after ICSI and those after conventional IVF.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

친환경농산물 소비자의 구매동기 분석을 통한 윤리적 소비 행동 사례연구

홍연금(Hong Yeon Geum),송인숙(Song In sook) 한국소비문화학회 2008 소비문화연구 Vol.11 No.3

본 연구에서는 윤리적 상품 중 하나인 친환경농산물을 구매하는 소비자들의 구매동기를 파악하여 그들이 진정한 윤리적 소비자인지를 알아보았다. 연구방법은 사례연구방법으로 이용하여 친환경농산물을 4년 이상 이용하고 있으며 자녀가 있는 주부 9명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 친환경농산물 구매자의 주요동기에서는 이기적인 동기와 더불어 환경, 농업, 지역공동체와 같은 이타적 동기가 함께 고려되는 경우와 이기적 동기만 있는 경우로 나뉘어져 조사되었다. 즉 이타적 동기가 있는 7명의 소비자는 윤리적 소비자로 볼 수 있으나 이기적 동기만 있는 2명의 소비자는 윤리적 소비자라 할 수 없었다. 둘째, 이들의 윤리적 소비 의식과 행동을 분석해 본 결과 환경 문제에 관심이 많은 ‘지속가능한 소비’와 농업, 지역 공동체 사회에 대한 관심이 많은 ‘더불어 행복하게 사는 삶’을 지향하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 윤리적 소비자인 경우 이들의 친환경농산물 구매량은 초기에 비해 증가하였으며 소비생활 속에서 윤리적 소비 행동을 하고 있었다. 반면 이기적 동기의 소비자는 친환경농산물구매량이 감소하거나 변화가 없었으며 기타 다른 윤리적 소비 행동도 하고 있지 않았다. 셋째, 이타적 구매동기의 변화에 영향을 준 요인에는 친환경농산물을 구매하고 있는 생협이나 한밭레츠에서의 소비자 참여 활동과 교육, 환경단체의 강의 및 소식지, 명상 등이 있었다. 본 연구는 윤리적 소비행동에 대한 탐색적 연구로 의의가 있으며 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 윤리적 소비를 발전시킬 수 있는 방안과 친환경농산물 시장 활성화 방안을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if the consumers who purchase environmentally-friendly agricultural products are ethical consumers by analysing their purchasing motives. It also investigate the changes in purchasing motives, the factors influencing such changes, and the orientation of these changes. This study would be helpful for clarifying the concepts of ethical consumption and ethical consumerism. In addition, it provides strategies for increasing of ethical consumers and expanding of the markets of environmentally-friendly agriculture products. The data was gathered by in-depth interviews of 9 housewives who have purchased environmentally-friendly agriculture products for more than 4 years. The results of this study are as follows. First, at the beginning, the motives of purchasing environment-friendly agriculture products are food safety and health which were focused on self-interest. Those motives are gradually changed to pursue the altruistic benefits of the environment, agriculture, community, etc. Among 9 subjects, 7 consumers with such altruistic motives are regarded as ethical consumers, but the rest of two with self-interest motives could not be considered as ethical consumers. Second, consumers who had altruistic motives would purchase more environment-friendly agriculture products as well as other environment-friendly products in the future. Besides, they showed ethical consumption behavior in use and disposal as well as purchase, which indicates that they become real ethical consumers. The motives, interest and practice on consumption could be categorized into two parts: one is a sustainable consumption and another is a living together with others. Third, factors affecting changes in the purchasing motives included hearing lectures from Cooperative Consumer Union or Hanbat-LETS, participations in activities or reading newsletters of environmental organizations and a practice of meditation, etc. This study suggests that purchasing motives should be examined before evaluate the ethics of one"s consumption, one"s consumption ethics, and education or participation program is important for increasing ethical consumption.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1997)

김재홍,문득곤,김정수,김용준,임동진,박상훈,김희성,이민수,송기훈,김갑형,김형석,성소영,이인섭,김석우,황지환,조창근,김경문,부태성 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1997. 99 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 45(45.5%) were PPNG. Conclusion : The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 45.5% in 1997.

윤리적 소비자가 경험하는 행복한 소비의 특성에 관한 현상학적 연구

송인숙(Song, In Sook),천경희(Chun, Kyung Hee),홍연금(Hong Yeon Geum) 한국소비문화학회 2013 소비문화연구 Vol.16 No.4

This study examined the characteristics of ethical consumer's happiness in consumption empirically. Our viewpoint is that the ethical consumers continue to practice ethical consumption because they experience happiness in those behaviors. We conducted in-depth interview 12 ethical consumers about what they think the happy life or happy consumption is, what they experience in ethical consumption, especially focused on happiness, what kind of difficulties and conflicts do they have in ethical consumption, and analyzed their textual contents applying the qualitative data analysis method of Giorgi's on the phenomenological research. As a result, ethical consumers want to live happily together with all the people surround them, specially with producers, to do meaningful works and to focus on one's inside. Ethical consumers experience happiness in consumption of making relationships with people, doing someone please help, controlling their desires, feeling comforts without doubt, and improving the market environment. On the other hand, the ethical consumers feel burden for the price of ethical products, a conscious effort to find out and ethical reliability issues, the circumstances for inappropriate conditions, and keeping consistency their ethical value orientation in consumption. This study shows ethical consumers practice ethical consumption not only for moral obligation but also for their own happiness. This study also increases the understanding of happy consumption and ethical consumption, so may contribute to the spread of ethical consumption. 본 연구는 윤리적 소비자들이 윤리적 소비를 지속적으로 실천하게 하는 원동력의 본질을 깊이 있게 이해하기 위하여, 윤리적 소비자들이 경험하는 행복한 소비의 특성을 실증적으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 즉 윤리적 소비자들이 윤리적 소비를 지속적으로 실천하게 하는 원동력이 행복을 경험하기 때문이라고 보고 윤리적 소비자가 경험하는 행복한 소비의 특성을 파악하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 윤리적 소비자 12명을 대상으로, 윤리적 소비자가 생각하는 행복한 삶은 무엇이며, 윤리적 소비자가 자신의 소비생활에서 경험하는 행복한 소비의 특성은 무엇인지, 윤리적 소비를 실천하면서 겪는 갈등이나 어려움은 무엇인지에 대해 심층 면접하였으며, 이들의 진술을 질적연구방법인 현상학적 연구방법 중 Giorgi의 분석방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 윤리적 소비자들은 ‘함께 하는 삶’, 즉 나만 좋은 것이 아니라 주위 사람들과 나누는 공동체적인 삶, 본인이 ‘의미 있다고 생각하는 일을 하는 삶’, ‘내적으로 충만하고 소신 있는 삶’을 행복한 삶이라고 인식하고 있었으며, 이들 윤리적 소비자들은 ‘관계를 맺는 소비’, ‘누군가를 돕는 소비’, ‘욕구를 조절하는 소비’, ‘의심하지 않고 안심할 수 있는 소비’, ‘소비환경을 변화시켜 나가는 능동적인 소비’를 하면서 행복감을 경험하고 있었다. 한편, 윤리적 소비자들은 윤리적 소비를 실천하면서 ‘윤리적 제품의 가격에 대한 부담’, ‘윤리적 제품을 찾기 위해 의식적인 노력과 시간의 필요’, ‘윤리적 소비 대상에 대한 신뢰성 문제’, ‘시스템과 여건의 미비’, ‘자신이 가지고 있는 윤리적 소비에 대한 가치관의 일관성을 지키지 못하는 점’ 등에 대한 갈등과 어려움을 경험하고 있었다. 본 연구는 윤리적 소비자들이 도덕적 의무감에서 뿐 아니라 개인의 행복한 소비를 위해서도 윤리적 소비를 실천하고 있다는 것을 실증적으로 밝힌 것으로, 행복한 소비에 대한 이해를 높이고 나아가 윤리적 소비의 확산에 기여할 수 있는 새로운 근거를 제공했다는데 그 의의가 있다.

지역사회 노인복지시설 종사자의 노인인권 인식에 관한 탐색적 고찰

심혜인(Hye-In, Sim),홍송이(Song-Iee, Hong) 한국경호경비학회 2020 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.65

노인 돌봄 서비스에서의 인권 문제는 주로 시설을 중심으로 논의되어왔다. 하지만 노인 인구와 노인재가서비스 이용의 증가하는 추세와, 건강한 노인의 증가와 주체적인 삶을 강조하는 문화의 확산, 이에 따른 커뮤니티 케어의 중요성 강조 등의 변화로 인해 향후 재가 서비스 규모가 계속해서 확대될 것으로 전망되므로 재가서비스에서의 노인인권에 대한 논의가 더욱 중요해질 것으로 예견되고 있는 실정이다. 시설보다 재가서비스의 경우에는 노인 인권침해 및 학대 발생예방을 위한 노력이 더 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구는 종사자의 노인인권 피해 또는 학대를 목격했을 때의 대응태도에 영향요인을 검증해볼 필요가 있다. 추가적으로 이 연구는 재가서비스 종사자의 노인인권 인식을 잠재프로파일(LPA)분석 결과를 바탕으로 집단을 구분하여 노인 인권 피해 또는 학대 신고 태도에 미치는지 영향을 검증해보고자 하였다. 연구자료는 보건복지부와 중앙노인보호전문기관이 2017년에 조사한 주간·야간, 단기보호 서비스 시설장과 시설직원을 조사한 11,527개의 자료와 2019년에 조사한 방문요양, 방문목욕 서비스 시설장과 시설직원을 조사한 1,428개의 자료를 SPSS 25.0ver.을 활용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 인권인식의 집단을 구분하기 위하여 Mplus 7.0ver.을 활용하여 집단프로파일 분석을 실시하였다. 이러한 실증적인 연구결과를 바탕으로 노인재가시설에서 발생할 수 있는 노인 인권침해 및 학대를 예방할 수 있는 정책적 제언을 마련하고자 하였다. Human right issue in elderly care service has been discussed by mainly focusing on the facilities. However, it is expected that the scale of in-home service will be continuously expanded in the future due to the increase of the elderly population and the use of in-home service, the increase of healthy elderly people, the spread of the culture that emphasizes independent life, and the emphasis on the important of community care. Therefore, it is expected that the discussion on elderly human right in the in-home service will become more important. In case of in-home service, not facilities, is necessary to make effort to prevent elderly human right violation and abuse. Therefore, this study requires to verify the factors influencing the response attitude when witnessing any harms or abuse of elderly human rights by the employees. Additionally, the study tried to verify the effect of elderly human right recognition of in-home service employees on the attitude of reporting any harms or abuse of elderly people by dividing groups based on latent profile analysis (LPA). 11,527 data surveyed with the director and employees of day( night and short-term protection service facilities conducted in 2017 and 1,428 data surveyed with the director and employees of visiting nursing and visiting bathing service facilities conducted in 2019 by Ministry of Health and Welfare and Central Elder Protection Agency were used and analyzed by using SPSS 25.0ver. In addition, Mplus 7.0ver. was used and group profile analysis was conducted to classify the groups of human rights recognition. The study tried to prepare policy-level suggestions to prevent elderly human rights violation and abuse that can be occurred in in-home service facilities based on these empirical studies.

錦江上流地域에 있어 다슬기科의 分布에 關한 硏究

金鍾煥,崔信錫,宋仁植,洪榮杓 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1982 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.9 No.1

The distribution and identification of Semisulcospira species were studied at the 8 stations in the upper streams of Geum River and it's tributatries, and some physicochemical analysis were obtained from all stations. The results are summerized as follows: 1. Four species of Semisulcospira were collected from the 7 stations in the 8 stations, except a station, the Buchang stream. S. coreana was found at all the 7 stations, S. ovulum at the 6 stations, S. globus at the 4 stations, and S. tegulata was found only two stations, but the density of all the snails was generally low in a m^2. 2. Identification of the snail species were based on the external morphology, radula ribbon and central teeth patterns. 3. The chromosome numbers were observed : n = 18 in S. coreana and S. ovulum ; n = 16 in S. globus, however, in S. tegulata the chromosome was not observed. 4. Physicochemical analysis in the aquatic environment were determined from all the 8 stations. The pH, Ca, Mg, SO_4, Na and Cl values in the water varied not widely, but the values of chemical oxidation demand at the 5th station and electric conductivity at the 7th station were higher than those of the another stations.

The effect of alpha lipoic acid in a porcine in-stent restenosis model

Lim, Sang Yup,Bae, Eun Hui,Jeong, Myung Ho,Kim, Ju Han,Hong, Young Joon,Sim, Doo Sun,Kim, Yong Sook,Park, In Kyu,Ahn, Youngkeun,Song, Sun-Jung,Cho, Dong Lyun,Kim, Kyoung Seok,Kang, Jung Chaee Elsevier 2009 Journal of cardiology Vol.54 No.3

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) on a porcine in-stent restenosis (ISR) model.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>In protocol 1, porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC) were stimulated by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the presence or absence of α-LA. MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and western blotting were used to determine the cell growth inhibitory rate and anti-inflammatory effect associated with nuclear factor-κb (NF-κb) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In protocol 2, 28 days after balloon overdilation injuries, 24 bare metal stents were placed in coronary artery of 12 pigs. The pigs were randomly divided to receive control diet with or without α-LA (100mg/kg). In protocol 3, 8 control stents and 8 α-LA coated stents were randomly implanted in 2 coronary arteries of 8 pigs and follow-up coronary angiogram and histopathologic assessment were performed 4 weeks after stenting.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Protocol 1. The proliferation of PVSMC was inhibited and protein expression of NF-κb and ERK were attenuated by α-LA pretreatment. Protocol 2<I>.</I> On histopathologic analysis, the neointimal area (4.0±1.0mm<SUP>2</SUP> vs. 1.5±0.7mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I><0.001) and histopathologic area of stenosis (66.7±10.7% vs. 24.2±9.7%, <I>p</I><0.001) were reduced in the α-LA feeding group compared to controls. Protocol 3. On histopathologic analysis, the neointimal area (3.9±0.8mm<SUP>2</SUP> vs. 1.0±0.4mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>p</I><0.001), and the histopathologic area of stenosis (67.1±8.8% vs. 17.4±10.0%, <I>p</I><0.001) were reduced in the α-LA coated stent group compared to the control stent group.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>α-LA feeding and α-LA coated stents inhibit neointimal hyperplasia in porcine ISR, possibly through inhibiting the activation of NF-κb pathway and proliferation of PVSMC.</P>

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.