A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

HSS STI-CMP적용을 위한이중 패드의 최적화

서용진,박성우,김철복,정소용,이경진,김기욱,박창준 대불대학교 2002 大佛大學校大學院 硏究論文集 Vol.- No.1

As the device geometry shrinks to the deep submicron region, chemical mechanical polishing(CMP) planarization become a more essential technique of advanced ULSI process. Also, CMP process was required for the global planarization of inter-metal dielectric(IMD), inter-level dielectric(ILD) layers and interconnections with free-defect. Especially, the complete global planarization of IMD, ILD and interconnections can be achieved only with the CMP process. However, as the IMD and ILD layer gets thinner, several problems were found in the CMP process. It does have various problems such as dishing effect, torn oxide defects and nitride residues in oxide. So, it leads to severe circuit failure, which affects yield. In this paper, we studied the characteristics of polishing pad, which can apply STI-CMP process for global planarization of multilevel interconnection structure. Also, we investigated the effects of different sets of polishing pad, such as soft and hard pad. As an experimental result, hard pad showed center-fast type, and soft pad showed edge-fast type. Totally, the defect level has shown little difference, however, the counts of scratch was defected less than 2 on JR111 pad. Through the above result, we can select optimum polishing pad, so we can expect the improvement of throughput and device yield.

관절염을 가진 대상자의 가족지지, 자가 간호 및 삶의 질과의 관계

선은경,박소연,박일지,서가은,손용숙,손인옥,용진선 가톨릭대학교 간호대학 호스피스 교육연구소 2006 호스피스논집 Vol.10 No.-

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among family support, self-care, and quality of life of patients with arthritis through a survey. That will be basic data to plan nursing intervention for promoting quality of life for patients with arthritis. Method : The convenient sample of this study consisted of 120 patients with arthritis and data were collected using questionnaires during August 2006 from two OPDs of rheumatoid centers in C University hospitals. The study instruments were used to measure Self Care (So, 1992), Family Support (Kang, 1984), and Quality of Life (Ro, 1988). The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson correlation. Result : The mean scores were 3.56 for family support, 4.16 for self-care, and 3.19 for quality of life. The level of self-care was significantly higher in those men, having an occupation, higher income, and living with family members. The level of family support was significantly higher in those men, having an occupation, living with family members, and having a helper. The level of quality of life was significantly higher for those men, having a higher income, and shorter length of illness. Three relationships were found to be positively correlated: 1) between the levels of family support and self-care (r=.53), 2) between the levels of self-care and quality of life (r=.55), and 3) between the levels of family support and quality of life (r=.54). Conclusion: Therefore, a nursing intervention program needs to be developed to promote family support, and self-care for quality of life for patients with arthritis.

Effect of By-Product Gypsum Fertilizer on Methane Gas Emissions and Rice Productivity in Paddy Field

Jun-Hong Park,Yeon-Kyu Sonn,Myung-Suk Kong,Yong-Seon Zhang,Sang-Jo Park,Jong-Gun Won,Suk-Hee Lee,Dong-Hwan Seo,So-Deuk Park,Jang-Eok Kim 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Rice cultivation in paddy field affects the global balance of methane (CH₄) as a key greenhouse gas. To evaluate a potential use of by-product gypsum fertilizer (BGF) in reducing CH₄ emission from paddy soil, CH₄ fluxes from a paddy soil applied with BGF different levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) were investigated by closed-chamber method during rice cultivation period. CH₄ flux significantly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing level of BGF application. 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of BGF addition in soil reduced CH₄ flux by 60.6% compared to control. Decreased soil redox potential (Eh) resulted in increasing CH₄ emission through a CO₂ reduction reaction. The concentrations of dissolved calcium (Ca) and sulfate ion (SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP>) in soil pore water were significantly increased as the application rate of BGF increased and showed negatively correlations with CH₄ flux. Decreased CH₄ flux with BGF application implied that SO₄<SUP>2-</SUP> ion led to decreases in electron availability for methanogen and precipitation reaction of Ca ion with inorganic carbon including carbonate and bicarbonate as a source of CH₄ formation under anoxic condition. BGF application also increased rice grain yield by 16% at 8 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> of BGF addition. Therefore, our results suggest that BGF application can be a good soil management practice to reduce CH₄ emission from paddy soil and to increase rice yield.

A Review on the Application of Nanotechnology in Food Processing and Packaging

Seong-In Cho,Yong-Rok Kim,Joon Woo Lee,Dae-Sup So,Yong-Jin Cho,Hyun Kwon Suh,Tu San Park,Seoung-Im Oh,Ji-Eun Im 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.4

Currently, nanotechnology is widely applied in various industrial fields and is rapidly emerging as a promising future technology. In food industries, nanotechnology is used to enhance food quality and safety. Numerous cutting-edge studies on the advantages of nanotechnology have been conducted in the fields of food processing, food ingredients and additives, food packaging, and food engineering for optimal health. The market for these areas of research has grown steadily, and is expected to continue to do so. Because of this, R&D for nanotechnology that can be used effectively in food industries is being performed by several companies, as well as in academic research institutions around the world. This review describes the recent global R&D trends that have been in progress for two key areas: food processing and food packaging.

습지생태공원의 갈대확장 조절 기술 개발

성기준 ( Ki June Sung ),이용민 ( Yong Min Yee ),정용현 ( Yong Hyun Chung ),박소영 ( So Young Park ) 한국환경보건기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2010 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.13 No.5

It is very difficult to control the expansion of reed at a wetland ecological park due to their aggressive reproduction capability. Therefore, proper topography and wetland hydrology should be provided before the construction of a wetland ecological park. Appropriate measures should be taken at the initial stages to prevent reed expansion. Field experiments were conducted at the newly constructed wetland ecological park for 15 months to develop methods to control the reproduction and expansion of Phragmites communis. A complete shading method had the best effect on the prevention of reed reoccurrence among other methods. Complete removal of the rhizomes controlled the reed growth to a greater extent than cutting the aboveground shoots. Water-level manipulation was also better than a half-shading method for the prevention of reed reproduction. These results indicated that soil properties and edge effects can influence the reed growth. Cutting only the aboveground shoots facilitates the growth of reed. These results suggest that reed control should be implemented repeatedly and an alteration in the wetland topography and hydrology may be more effective in the long term. Combination of treatments such as water-level management with shading should be considered to control the growth of reed. Adoptive management for created or restored ecosystem might be considered for accomplishment of its original purpose.

문화지도 : 자료활용방법과 조사내용

박성용 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 2001 비교문화연구 Vol.7 No.1

Ethnocartography is an analytical, interpretative, and collectible tool to examine diverse cultural elements in view of a heuristic approach. It is possible for us to interpret a culrural boundary and an axle of the geographical mobility of different cultures, according to the historical time of a local society. Anthropologists sometimes question the utility of diffusionism and the cartography of cultural facts after functionalism. Increasingly, however, anthropologists, who had tried to escape the confines of functionalism, are concerned with recovering what they can from a historical and geographical documentation. This method of ethnocartography provides an opportunity to know the diverse aspects of cultural characteristics in which a regional societal is structured. It can help interpret and know not only the structured and underlying rule or order of the society, but also propose useful ethnographic data to understand social strategy for changing a given situation, like the distinction of different social class between aristocratic class and lower class. Also, this method can present a semiologic graph about cultural elements in order to interpret socio-cultural fact which are correlative to each other. That is to say, we must reorganize the ethnographic maps through the critical examination about the geographic cartographic, semiologic graph, and other methods for the detailed description and devices. In this case, we must consider the correlations of diverse instances, and reorganize socio-cultural characteristics dependent on local cultural history which was based on existing geographic and ethnohistorical data. On the local level, specialists must work together to collect, classify, and codify ethnographic data, because this work demands the convergence of multi-dimensional perspectives about the differently structured cultural history far a long time. One can't do it by oneself, but can explore various ways of cooperative work alone with universities, national museums, and research institutes. A cartographer must examine the systematization of the qualitative and quantitative method on the cartographical level, because the cartographical method makes us connect the distribution and changing process of cultural elements in a regional society.

SO₂ 가스에 대한 觀葉植物의 感受性

채의석(Chae Eui Suk),최기영(Choi Ki Young.),박소홍(Park So Hong.),이용범(Lee Yong Beom) 한국원예학회 1993 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.11 No.2

채소류에 의한 카드뮴과 납의 흡수에 관한 연구

박병윤,이부용,양소영,강상재,이동훈 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1997 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구에서는 전통적으로 우리 식탁의 주요 부식으로 이용되어온 콩나물과 미나리를 Cd와 Pb가 함유된 배양액으로 재배하는 동안 이들 채소에 Cd와 Pb 가 어느 정도 흡수되는가를 조사하였다. 또한 수경재배에서 Cd와 Pb에 의한 콩나물의 생육장해 정도를 조사하였다. 배양액속에 함유된 Pb이온은 재배기간 동안 미나리와 콩나물 체내로 쉽게 흡 수되었다. 그리고 미나리는 콩나물보다 더 많은 양의 Pb를 흡수하였는데, 이 는 미나리의 줄기에 다량의 뿌리가 붙어있기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 또한 배양액속의 Pb의 농도와 미나리와 콩나물 체내에 축적된 Pb의 함량과는 높은 상관성을 나타내었는데, 각각의 상관계수(r^2)는 0.9411, 0.9828이었다. Cd역시 Pb와 마찬가지로 재배기간 동안 미나리와 콩나물 체내로 쉽게 흡수되 었다. 또한 배양액속의 Cd의 농도와 미나리와 콩나물 체내에 축적된 Cd의 함 량과는 높은 상관성을 나타내었는데, 각각의 상관계수(r^2)은 0.9900, 0.9054이었다. 그러나 두 식물체에서 Pb의 흡수 경우와는 달리 배양액속에 함유되어 있는 Cd의 농도가 높을 경우 콩나물이 미나리보다 더 많은 Cd을 흡수하였다. 콩나물의 경우에는 Cd과 Pb이 재배기간 동안 거의 비슷한 양으로 흡수되었으며, 그리고 배양액 속에 함유된 이들 중금속들과 콩나물 체내에 축적된 중금속들 사이의 직선회귀선의 기울기도 거의 유사하였다. 그러나 미나리의 경우에는 Pb이 Cd보다 상당히 많은 양이 흡수되었으며, 또한 직선회귀선의 기울기도 Cd보다 Pb의 경우 상당히 크게 나타났다. Cd와 Pb의 농도가 1mg/l일 경우에는 콩나물 길이의 성장 또는 외관상의 생육에 거의 영향이 없었다. 그러나 10mg/l 농도에서부터는 길이의 성장장해뿐만 아니라 외관상으로도 분명한 장해현상이 나타났다. 50mg/l와 100mg/l의 농도에서는 콩나물의 생육장해가 더욱 심해졌다. Pb의 경우에는 100mg/l의 농도에서, Cd의 경우에는 50mg/l의 농도에서부터 재배기간 동안 콩나물의 상당 부분이 썩는 현상이 나타났다. This study was conducted to investigate the uptake of Cd and Pb by vegetables. Bean sprout and dropwort, which are very important for traditional korean dishes, were cultivated in culture fluid added with Cd and Pb cations, and the content of Cd and Pb absorbed by these vegetables were measured. Pb cations in culture fluid were easily absorbed into bean sprout and dropwort. And dropwort absorbed Pb more than bean sprout did. Pb contents of bean sprout and dropwart dramatically increased with increasing Pb concentration in culture fluid. The correlation coefficients(r^2) between Pb contents in dropwort and bean sprout and Pb concentrations in culture fluid were 0.9411 and 0.9828, respectively. Cd cations were also easily absorbed into bean sprout and dropwort. The correlation coefficients(r^2) between Cd contents in dropwort and bean sprout and Cd concentrations in culture fluid were 0.9900 and 0.9054, respectively. The growth of bean sprout was not hindered at the concentration of 1mg/ℓ Cd and Pb in culture fluid. But high Cd and Pb concentrations hindeded remarkably the growth of this vegetable. A large part of bean sprout was rotten at the concentrations of 50 mg/ℓ Cd, and 100 mg/ℓ Pb.

분만혈액을 이용한 HLA Class I 검사용 tray의 제작을 위한 연구

권소영,강성은,박경신,황유성,김상인 大韓輸血學會 1999 大韓輸血學會誌 Vol.10 No.1