서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

화학적으로 활성화된 GroupⅢ와 GroupⅣ구심성 근신경의 Gamma Motoneuron에 대한 반사효과

방대홍,홍승길,남숙현 고려대학교 의과대학 1983 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.20 No.3

In decerebrated cats the effects of fine muscle afferents (groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ) upon gamma motoneurons were studied. The efferent activity was exracellularly recorded from small filaments of ventral roots or from filaments of musole nerves. Fine muscle afferents were selectively activated by bradykinin, potassium and serotonin. For comparison, succinylcholine was administrated to activated muscle spindle afferents. Forty gastrocnemius-soleus gamma motoneurons were recorded. Thirty-six (90%) of them had a tonic background discharge in the absence of intentional stimulation. A high susceptibility to an increased activity in fine muscle efferents was found for the gamma motoneurons. Practically all neurons both to homonymous extensor and antagonistic flexor muscles responded with an excitation to at least one of the algesic substances applied. Only two out of fifteen gamma motoneurons responded to succinylcholine. Thus indicationg a weak convergence from muscle spindle afferents. Control experiments demonstrated that the responses to bradykinin and potassium are entirely due to the nervorus outflow from the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle. In contrast, serotonin influencing the gamma motoneurons has unknown additional sites of action. The results indicate that muscular group Ⅲ and/or group Ⅳ units activated by algesic substances evoke excitatory effects upon gamma motoneurons.

체육 서비스조직의 리더십유형과 직무만족 및 조직유효성 간의 관계

천길영,남궁완,최병학,박효찬,홍승달,정석현 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship among style of leadership, job satisfaction, and efficacy of sport service organization. In order to achive this purpose three reaserch questions were established. Participants for this study were 300 of 23-50 overaged public workers. Of participations valid data were 279. They completed a modified inventory of the style of leadership, job satisfaction and efficacy of sport service organization. More details, style of leadership Scale modified by Ahn(2000), job satisfaction by Ahn (2000) and efficacy of sport service organization by Kim(2001) were using after remodifing scale to investigate the purpose of this study. Results were analysed in quantitative approaches. Data were collected through self-administered survey. The most three meaningful results of the study were as follows; First, there was influenced to relationship between style of leadership and job satisfaction. Second, there was influenced to relationship between style of leadership and efficacy of sport service organization. Third, there was influenced to relationship among style of leadership, job satisfaction, and efficacy of sport service organization.

Capsaicin 사전 투여에 의한 흰쥐의 공격성 감소 및 자율적 체온조절의 결손

박순권,홍승길,나흥식,김현택 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.7 No.1

capsaicin 사전 처치가 흰쥐의 공격성과 체온조절에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 생후 6주경에 capsaicin을 피하주사하였고, 완전히 성숙한 후에 공격성 및 체온조절 기능을 검사하였다. 실험 1의 공격성 검사 결과 capsaicin 처치동물들의 공격성은 통제동물보다 낮았는데, 이것은 선행 연구의 결과와 상반된다. 체온조절 기능을 알아본 실험 2에서는 capsaicin 처치동물들이 37℃ 및 40℃ 조건에서 과체온과 빠른 체온증가를 보여주었다. 이것은 출생 직후 또는 성숙한 후에 약물을 투여한 선행연구들과 일치되는 결과이다. 따라서 capsaicin이 체온조절에 미치는 영향은 투여 시기와 무관한 것 같다. 논의에서는 본 연구의 두 가지 결과를 시상하부와 관련시켜 해석하였다. The present study was designed to examine effects of capsaicin administration on aggressive behaviors and autonomic thermoregulation in rats. In six-week-old rat, capsaicin was injected subcutaneously on 4 consecutive days in increasing doses(20㎎/㎏, 30㎎/㎏, 30㎎/㎏, 50㎎/㎏) to total of 150㎎/㎏ of the drug. The controls were treated in the same way with vehicle alone. Two experments began six or eight weeks after the treatment. In experiment 1, isolation-induced agressive behaviors, scored a 10-min session in the dyadic situation, were significantly decreased by capsaicin pretreatment. This result was not in accord with the previous findings. In experiment 2, body temperature of the capsaicin-treated rats increased more than the control's at two amibient temperatures studied(37℃ and 40℃). Our result concerning thermoregulation supports the preceding studies that applied to the capsaicin-treated animals as neonate or adult. Thus, it is likely that the effect of capsaicin treatment on thermoregulation has nothing to do with the age of capsaicin injection. The capsaicin effects from this study were compared with hypothalamic lesion effects in the discussion part.

전측 시개전핵의 하행성 통각 조절계에 대한 하올리브 수준의 복측 연수의 관여

이배환,홍승길,안창일,손진훈,김기석 한국심리학회 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 전측 시개전핵의 자극으로 인한 하행성 통각 억제 체계에 하올리브 수준의 복측 연수가 관여하는가를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 펜토바비탈로 마취된 쥐의 꼬리튀기 반사를 사용하여 전측 시개전핵을 전기자극하고 복측 연수를 전기손상시키거나 리도카인을 주입한 결과 전측 시개전핵의 자극으로 유발된 무통 효과가 억제되었다. 반대로 복측 연수를 전기자극하거나 글루타메이트를 주입하여 세포체를 활성화시키면 마찬가지로 무통이 발생하였다. 이 결과는 전측 시개전핵의 하행성 통각 억제 체계에 하올리브 수준의 복측 연수가 관여한다는 것을 시사한다. The present study was conducted to determine whether the ventral medulla (VM) at the level of the inferior olive (IO) is involved in descending pain inhibition system including the anterior pretectal nucleus (APTN). Pain sensitivity was assessed using tail-flick test to radiant heat in the rat anaesthetized with pentobarbital. Electrolytic lesions of the VM or microinjections of lidocaine into the VM inhibited the analgesic effects of stimulating the APTN. Electrical stimulation of the VM or microinjections of glutamate into the VM produced analgesic effects similar to those of stimulating the APTN. These results suggest that the VM including the IO is involved in a descending antinociceptive pathway originating in the APTN.

운동제어의 신경생리학적 기초

정성태,홍승길,임재형 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.2

Many motor activities of animals and human beings are a critical aspect for their survival. Although it has not been clearly understood how motor activities are produced, the idea that various motor programs exist somewhere in the central nervous system (CNS) is generally accepted. As evidence for existence of motor programs in the CNS, we may consider a simple, repetitive movement like walking. Walking does not require continuous thinking. Once it is initiated, it becomes quite automatic. If we try to control consciously our automated movement, then it becomes so unnatural. Edward Evart, a neurophysiologist, noticed in his monkey experiments that the arm muscle contraction for handle movement was preceded by the activation of neurons in the motor cortex that governs the arm movement. These experimental results may be taken as evidence for existence of central programs for movements in the motor cortex. Many other studies, however, have indicated that cerebellum is an important structure where motor program are stored. Potentially, motor programs may not be restricted to a particular site in the CNS. Instead, they may be distributed in the cortex. cerebellum and other neural structures such as the basal ganglia. To understand movements at the neural level, we should determine how movements are coded in the CNS. More specifically, we may have to reveal how neurons are interconnected and how they communicate with each other to ultimately produce movements. An important thing to realize before we attempt to answer these questions is the fact that there is no clear-cut boundary between voluntary and involuntary movements. Even in the voluntary activities such as tennis game, there are lots of involuntary components. Also, in many other cases, there is good evidence that perfect movements can be achieved involuntarily. Diving, which requires a rapid, coordinated control of eyes, arms, legs and other parts of the body, is a good example. To perform this type of movement, there must be a motor program. Cerebellum has been indicated as a key structure necessary for this kind of program. Cerebellum is known as a site involved in the control of independent limb movements, especially rapid, skilled movements. Such movements are initiated by neurons in the frontal association cortex, which control neurons in the primary motor cortex. Both the frontal association cortex and the primary motor cortex send information about intended movements to the cerebellum. Information from the somatosensory system, which informs about the current position and rate of the movement of the limbs-information necessary for computing the details of a movement-is also sent to the cerebellum. When the cerebellum receives the information that the motor cortex has begun to initiate a movement, it computes the contribution that various muscles will have to make to perform that movement. The result of this computation is sent back to the motor cortex. Thus, the information from the cortex enables the cerebellum to modify the ongoing movement initiated by the frontal cortex. The capacity of the cerebellum to fine-tune motor drive generated in the motor cortex may be enhanced by training. In this case, the training will influence the involuntary components of movement.

pH변화가 근방추의 흥분성에 미치는 영향

박동빈,홍승길 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.1

The present experiment was done to determine the influence of pH changes on muscle spindle excitability by in jection of acidic and alkalic substances of different pH through the intra-arterial canulation to gastrocnemius-soleus muscle of the cat and examined the changes of the excitability of muscle spindle from group Ia muscular afferents. The changes of the impulse discharges were recorded from peripheral sensory nerve fibers of sciatic nerve and the results are as follows: 1) Among 46 group Ia muscular afferents, 8 showed enhancement, 17 showed decrement and 21 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by lactate(pH 3.2). 2) Among 35 group Ia muscular afferents, 4 showed enhancement, 9 showed decrement and 13 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by acetic acid(pH 3.2). 3) Among 15 group Ia muscular afferents, 2 showed enhancement, 5 showed decrement and 8 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by acetate(pH 6.6). 4) Almost all the group Ia muscular afferents, there were no changes of the impuslse discharge to Tyrode solution(pH 7.4), however, a few of them showed slight decrement of the impulse discharges. 5) Among 21 group Ia muscular afferents, 2 showed enhancement, 7 showed decrement, and 12 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by ammonia buffer solution(pH 8.1). 6) Among 27 group Ia muscular afferents, 5 showed enhancement and 22 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement of the impulse discharges by NaHCO₃ solution(pH 8.1).

Noradrenaline이 근방추의 흥분성에 미치는 영향

현정,남숙현,홍승길 고려대학교 의과대학 1984 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.21 No.1

The present experiment was done to determine the effects of noradrenaline on the muscle spindle in cats. The reaction site was determined by recording the changes of impulses from group Ia and group Ⅱ muscular afferents of peripheral sensory nerves and dorsal roots. The results are as follows: 1. 36 group Ia muscular afferents were recorded according to extracellular recording and 5 out of 36 showed enhancement of impulse discharge after 1-2 ㎍ noradrenaline injection, 8 showed decrease and 20 showed initial enhancement followed by decrement, but 3 gave no response at all. 2. The administration of KCI solution did not give nay influences to impulse changes of group Ia muscular afferents activated by noradrenaline, however,the injection of bradykinin diminished the decreasing effect of noradrenaline. 3. A small amount of noradrenaline slightly increased the systemic blood pressure but this kind of blood pressure changes was indifferent to the change of the excitability of group Ia muscular afferents from muscle spindle. However, a large amount of noradrenaline increased the blood pressure about 50 ㎜Hg above normal level which influenced the excitatory effect of the muscle spindle. 4. 22 out of 25 group Ⅱ muscular afferents did not show any responses to noradrenaline. Summerizing above results, it could be assumed that the initial excitatory response of group Ia muscular afferents following the injection of noradrenaline was not attributed to vasoconstriction but to direct effects on muscle stretch receptor, and its depressive response were due to the asphyxia resulted from vasoconstriction. And also, it could be suggested that noradrenaline acts on equator region of the muscle spindle, that is, the distribution area of group Ia muscular afferents.

의약품중 잔류유기용매 시험법 확립에 관한 연구

고용석,강찬순,최보경,김혜수,홍정희,최명신,김상현,장성재,김길수 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

Headspace-GC(딘5-GC)를 이용하여 ICH 잔류웅매 가이드라인 class 1, 2에 속하는 28종의 잔류유기웅매 분석방법을 연군한 결과 SPB-5, BB-WAX column을 동시 이용하여 각각을 확인, 정량할 수 있었다.또한 염의 참가효과, 평형시간,평형온도가 headspace분석에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 평형 시간 30분,평형온도 85℃,Na₂SO₄Ig을 첨가하여 시험할 때 최적 부넉조건을 나타내었다. 회수율은 1,1-achloroethene(68.3%)를 제외하고 90.9 ~ 114.5%로 패체적으로 양호하였다. 따로 HS-GCJECD, DB-524 column을 이용하여 9종의 잔류유기용매에 대하여 각각의 검랸선을 작성하고 검출한계를 구하였다. 실제 의약품 원료 10종및 제제 5종에 적용시킨 결과 모두 불검출되었으며 본 시험법은 의약품중의 잔류유기용매 분석에 적용할 수 있는 방법이라고 판단된다. The headspace-fC/FID(HS -GC/FID) method was performed for test method developnlent of residu;31 organic solvents in pfrarmaceuticals. Using SPB-S and BB-WAXcolumn, 28 kinds of solvents iri ICH residual sof)·ents guidetine class 1, 2 couBd be individuallt-identified and quantitated. The foIBowing residoal soIYents were not detected by the headspaceinjection condition : N,N-Cmethylacetamide, N,N-dimeth)rlformamide, ethyfeneglycol, formamide,2-methoryethanot, N-rnethylpyrrolidone, suBforane. The effects of the addition of salts,equilibration time, and equilibration temperature on headspace analt·sis were invesugated. Theoptimum conditions weiFe obtained with addtion of Ifa2s04 19 as a salt, simultaneously. thetime and temperature of equitibration were 30min and 8i'f, respectivety. The recovery havefound between 90.9 and 114.5% except 1,1-dichloroethene(fi8.3%). Using DB-624 column &HS-GC/:ECD method, 9 kinds of residual solvents could be individually identified andfuantitated. This HS-GC method can be applied to test the residua3 organic solvent in thepharmaceuticals.

인삼이 운동부하로 인한 비만세포 변동에 미치는 영향

유철,박승화,편경식,홍승길 최신의학사 1981 最新醫學 Vol.24 No.2