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Seung Hoon Lee(이승훈),Yong Un Ban(반용언),Jong In Back(백종인),Jung Keun Ko(고정근),Su Eun Sim(심수은) 위기관리 이론과 실천 2018 Crisisonomy Vol.14 No.9
본 연구는 국내 화학물질 배출의 공간적 분포 특성을 파악하고, 화학물질에 노출된 지방정부와 비노출 지방정부 간의 사회경제적 특성을 비교분석함으로써 국내 환경부정의 실태를 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 일원배치 분산분석과 샤페 검정법을 통하여 화학물질 배출량에 따라 구별된 지방정부 별 사회경제적 지표 평균값 차이에 대한 통계적 유의성을 검증한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구는 다음과 같은 연구결과를 도출 하였다. 첫째, 229개 지방정부 중 23개의 지방 정부에서 화학물질 배출량 전체의 약 70%가 누적되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째, 화학 물질 배출에 노출된 지방 정부의 사회 경제적 지표 평균값과 노출되지 않은 지방 정부 지표 평균값 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인했다. 이러한 연구결과는 화학물질 배출이 지역적으로 매우 심각하게 집중되어있으며 화학물질배출량이 높은 지역과 낮은 지역 간 환경부정의가 나타남을 대변한다. This study intended to identify the actual status of environmental injustice in Korea through finding a geographic distribution of chemical substance emissions and comparing socio-economic characteristics of the local governments exposed to chemical substance emissions with those without being exposed to the emissions. It employed ‘one-way ANOVA’ and ‘Scheffe’s method’ to find out the difference between their mean values of socio-economic indicators. The following results are found: (1) among 229 governments, about 70% of total amount of chemical emissions had been disproportionately accumulated in only 23 local governments mainly located in Seoul and Chungcheong regions; 2) there is a statistically significant difference in socio-economic indicators between the groups of local governments with and without exposure of chemical substances. These results confirmed that chemical substance emissions have been disproportionately concentrated on particular regions in Korea, implying environmental injustice between the regions with high and low exposure of chemical substances.
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Ham, Woo Seung,Kim, Min Kyung,Gim, Ji Seok,Lee, Ji Sung,Wu, Jun Hua,Lee, Kyu Back,Kim, Young Keun IEEE 2015 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.51 No.11
<P>Though enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is widely used in laboratory medicine, it has limitations due to interactions between enzymes and secondary antibodies. Here, we propose a new cardiac assay scheme for detecting troponin I antigens based on La(1-x)SrxMnO3 (x = 0.10, 0.15, and 0.25) nanoparticles (NPs). These NPs are synthesized via a modified polyol process followed by heat treatment. An increase in x induces changes in crystal structure and increases both Curie temperature and saturation magnetization. The NPs with x = 0.15 exhibit a Curie temperature close to the human body temperature. The limit of detection is found to be 0.78 ng/mL. We also confirm that LaSrMnO NPs are reusable after heating the assay plate.</P>
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Are Spinal GABAergic Elements Related to the Manifestation of Neuropathic Pain in Rat?
Jaehee Lee,Seung Keun Back,Eun Jeong Lim,Gyu Chong Cho,Myung Ah Kim,Hee Jin Kim,Min Hee Lee,Heung Sik Na 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.2
Impairment in spinal inhibition caused by quantitative alteration of GABAergic elements following peripheral nerve injury has been postulated to mediate neuropathic pain. In the present study, we tested whether neuropathic pain could be induced or reversed by pharmacologically modulating spinal GABAergic activity, and whether quantitative alteration of spinal GABAergic elements after peripheral nerve injury was related to the impairment of GABAergic inhibition or neuropathic pain. To these aims, we first analyzed the pain behaviors following the spinal administration of GABA antagonists (1Ռg bicuculline/rat and 5Ռg phaclofen/rat), agonists (1Ռg muscimol/rat and 0.5Ռg baclofen/rat) or GABA transporter (GAT) inhibitors (20Ռg NNC-711/rat and 1Ռg SNAP-5114/rat) into naïve or neuropathic animals. Then, using Western blotting, PCR or immunohistochemistry, we compared the quantities of spinal GABA, its synthesizing enzymes (GAD65, 67) and its receptors (GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub>) and transporters (GAT-1, and -3) between two groups of rats with different severity of neuropathic pain following partial injury of tail-innervating nerves; the allodynic and non-allodynic groups. Intrathecal administration of GABA antagonists markedly lowered tail-withdrawal threshold in naïve animals, and GABA agonists or GAT inhibitors significantly attenuated neuropathic pain in nerve-injured animals. However, any quantitative changes in spinal GABAergic elements were not observed in both the allodynic and non-allodynic groups. These results suggest that although the impairment in spinal GABAergic inhibition may play a role in mediation of neuropathic pain, it is not accomplished by the quantitative change in spinal elements for GABAergic inhibition and therefore these elements are not related to the generation of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury.
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흰쥐의 전뇌 기저부 대각 Broca대에서 Choline Acetyltransferase 면역반응 신경세포에 대한 면역조직화학 및 미세구조
백승근,정영화,Back, Seung-Keun,Chung, Young-Wha 한국현미경학회 1999 Applied microscopy Vol.29 No.3
흰쥐 성체 전뇌 기저부의 수직 및 수평 대각 Broca대에서 각 형별 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포의 조직학적 및 미세구조적 특징을 면역조직화학 및 전자현미경을 이용한 면역세포화학적 방법으로 조사하였다. ChAT 면역반응 신경세포에서 광학현미경적 면역반응은 세포체의 세포질과 신경돌기에서 확인되었다. 아울러 미세구조적 관찰로 ChAT 면역반응은 핵외막, 조면소포체의 막, 자유리보좀 그리고 polysomes에서 나타났다. 수직 및 수평 대각 Broca대에서 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포는 세포의 모양과 세포체의 장 단축의 비에 따라 원형, 난형, 세장형, 방추형, 삼각형 그리고 다각형으로 분류되었다. 이 각각의 세포형들을 전자현미경을 이용하여 미세구조적으로 관찰한 결과, 세포체의 크기, 세포질에 대한 핵의 상대적 크기, 세포소기관의 종류 및 분포양상, 신경연접의 수 및 종류 등의 기준에 따라 면역반응 신경세포들은 아유형 I, II로 분류되었다. 그러나, 방추형 및 삼각형 면역반응 신경세포에서는 아유형 I만이 관찰되었다. 아유형 I 면역반응 신경세포는 핵막함입을 보이는 작은 핵과 풍부한 세포질을 포함하였다. 이들 면역반응 세포질은 평행한 긴 수조들로 규칙적인 층판을 이룬 잘 발달된 rER를 함유하였다. 1, 2개의 층판체와 nematosome들이 세포질에서 관찰되었다. 축삭-세포체 신경연접은 주로 대칭형이었으며, 축삭-수상돌기 신경연접은 대다수 비대칭형이었다. 아유형 II 면역반응 신경세포는 비교적 깊은 핵막함입을 보이는 큰 핵과 빈약한 세포질을 포함하였다. rER는 발달이 미약하였다. 축삭-세포체 신경연접은 대칭형과 비대칭형이 같은 비율로 나타났고, 축삭-수상 돌기 신경 연접은 주로 비대칭형이었다. 이상과 같은 미세구조적 관찰에서 ChAT 면역반응 신경세포가 방추형과 삼각형을 제외한 모든 세포형에서 아유형 I, II로 분류되는 것은 투사영역의 원근에 의한 세포 대사활성의 차이에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. This study was performed to investigate the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characterization of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunoreactive nerve cells in the diagonal band of Broca of the rat basal forebrains, utilizing techniques of immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical microscopy. The ChAT-immunoreactivities were shown within neuronal cell bodies and processes by the light micoscope. According to cell shape and ratio of long axis vs short axis of cell body, the ChAT-immunoreaclive nerve cells in both vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca were classified into 6 types. at the light microscopic level; round, oval, elongated, fusiform, triangular and polygonal types. As a result of the electron microscopic observation, the ChAT-immunoreactivated products appeared on the outer nuclear envelope, membranes of rough endoplasmic reticula (rER), free ribosomes and polysomes. Each cell type was subdivided into subtype I and II according to the several criteria such as volume of cell body, nuclear size relative to the cytoplasm, kinds and distribution of cell organelles and numbers and sorts of synapses. The subtype I of immnunoreactive nerve cells had large cell body and a small nucleus showing shallow indentations of nuclear evelope. In this subtype I with abundant cytoplasm, rER were well differentiated. Their long cisternae were parallelly ditributed and lamellated. One or two lamellar bodies and nematosomes were observed. The subtype II cell had small cell body and a large nucleus with deep indentations of nuclear envelope. In this subtype II with small cytoplasm, the rER were irregularly distributed and the lamellar body and nematosome were not found. A few axosomatic synapses in the subtype I and II were shown to be symmetric or asymmetric. The ratios of the symmetric synapse to the asymmetric one were investigated to be 1 : 2 and 1 : 4 in the subtype I and II, respectively. The axodendritic ones were almost asymmetric. But, the fusiform and triangular immunoreactive nerve cells were shown only to be subtype I. According to observations in this study, it is considered that the ultrastructural characterization in the 2 subtypes of each cell type may reflect the differences of the metabolic activities and projecting distances to the target cells.
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DNA Separation Using Cellulose Derivatives and PEO by PDMS Microchip
Kang, Chung-mu,Back, Seung-Kwon,Song, In-gul,Choi, Byung-ok,Chang, Jun-keun,Cho, Keun-chang,Kim, Yong-seong Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.4
Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) has been employed as a microchip material for DNA separation in microfluidic condition. Different sieving molecules such as cellulose derivatives having glucose building block (methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) having linear (ring-opened ethylene oxide) unit were used and their performance was compared in terms of separation efficiency and resolution. In general, PEO showed better separation performance than cellulose derivatives probably due to the nature of linear shape polymer conformation. It was possible to perform at least 15 consecutive running with 1.2% PEO at the electric field strength around 200 V/cm. Fast analysis of the standard $\Phi$X 174 RF DNA/Hae III (less than 130s) was obtained with the number of the theoretical plate around 250,000/m. Our PMDS microchip was applied to the measurement of CAG repeat number, which is related to male infertile disease.
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백신위해성평가사업(Ⅱ) : 생물의약품의 안전성 평가를 위한 A형 간염 바이러스(HAV)의 오염지표 수립에 관한 연구
김병국,백선영,신진호,김재옥,민경일,류승렬,민복순,김도근,박미경,안미진,이상건,이석호,박순희 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-
생물의약품의 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 제조공정 증 바이러스 등의 위해 물질 제거 및 불활즉 공정과정의 확립이 필수적이며 이에 대한 평가를 위하여 감도와 특이도가 높은 오염물질의 검출 방법 확립이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 모델 바이러스로 A형간염바이러스fhepautis A virus :HAV)를 대상으로 real-tile PCR을 이용하여 실시간으로 정확하고 민감하게 바이러스를 검색하고 정량할 수 있는 시험법을 개발하였고 이로부터 바이러스의 오염지표를 수릴할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다. 먼저 LightC?cBerT.4i(Roche)를 이용하여 바이러스를 검색하기 위한 real-time PCR의 최적 조건을 확림하였다. HAV의 겅색과 정량을 위한 표준 RNA는 flasmid PHAV/7으로부터 in uitro transcription을 수행하여 만들었다. 정제된 RNA를 Ix10'copies/#』부터 Ix10"copies/낄까지 계단 희석하여 표준바이러스로 사용하였다. Real-time PCR로 표즌 RNA의 유효성과 재현성을 검사한 결과 각 희석 단계 모두 표준편차가 0.3을 넘지 않았고 변이계수는 0.02를 넘지 않아 표준 RNA는 우수한 유효성과 재현성을 보여 주었다. 세포배양으로부터 녈리한 HAV를 표준 RNA를 이용하여 정량하고 혈액제제에 spiking실험을 수행하였다. 이 패 제젠로 인한 PCR반응의 간섭이 나타났으며 이것은 표준 aHA를 오염되지 않은 같은 제제로_희석하여 끊색과 정량에 사용함으로서 오차를 줄일 수 있었다. 이 실험에서 개발된 Lightcycler를 이용한 real-time PCR법에 의해 HAV는 Ix102 copies/re이하까지 검색이 가능하였다. 또한 제제에 바이러스를 spiking 한 경우에도 같은 민감도를 보였다. Real-time 정량 PCR방법은 표준 RNA를 이용하여 생물학적제제에서 바이러스의 검색과 정량에 매우 유용하게 이응할 수 있다. The establishment of the highly specific and sensitive detection and clearance method of contaminants such as virus in the manufacturing process is essential and important for the safety of biological products. In this study, the sensitive real-time detection and quantification method of Hepatitis A virus as a model virus using LightCycerTM(Roche, Germany) was established for the viral clearance validation and contamination index. First, the optimization of real-time PCR condition such as annealing temperature and magnesium ion concentration was performed. The standard RNA(sRNA) used as quantification standard was prepared from plasmid pHAV/7 by in vitro transcription and was serially 10-fold diluted from 1×107 to 1×102copies/㎕. The standard deviation and coefficient variation of sRNA was not more than 0.3 and 0.02 respectively. It showed pretty good efficacy and reproducibility. The purified RNA from cell culture was quantified using sRNA and spiked into blood products. To reduce the interference of product itself in PCR reaction, sRNA was diluted with uncontaminated product. The sensitivity of the assay was 1×102 copies and the similar results was obtained in spiked blood products. From the study, real-time quantitative PCR method can be used to detect and quantify viral contaminants with a standard RNA in biological products.
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Are Spinal GABAergic Elements Related to the Manifestation of Neuropathic Pain in Rat?
Lee, Jae-Hee,Back, Seung-Keun,Lim, Eun-Jeong,Cho, Gyu-Chong,Kim, Myung-Ah,Kim, Hee-Jin,Lee, Min-Hee,Na, Heung-Sik The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.2
Impairment in spinal inhibition caused by quantitative alteration of GABAergic elements following peripheral nerve injury has been postulated to mediate neuropathic pain. In the present study, we tested whether neuropathic pain could be induced or reversed by pharmacologically modulating spinal GABAergic activity, and whether quantitative alteration of spinal GABAergic elements after peripheral nerve injury was related to the impairment of GABAergic inhibition or neuropathic pain. To these aims, we first analyzed the pain behaviors following the spinal administration of GABA antagonists ($1{\mu}g$ bicuculline/rat and $5{\mu}g$ phaclofen/rat), agonists ($1{\mu}g$ muscimol/rat and $0.5{\mu}g$ baclofen/rat) or GABA transporter (GAT) inhibitors ($20{\mu}g$ NNC-711/rat and $1{\mu}g$ SNAP-5114/rat) into naive or neuropathic animals. Then, using Western blotting, PCR or immunohistochemistry, we compared the quantities of spinal GABA, its synthesizing enzymes (GAD65, 67) and its receptors (GABAA and GABAB) and transporters (GAT-1, and -3) between two groups of rats with different severity of neuropathic pain following partial injury of tail-innervating nerves; the allodynic and non-allodynic groups. Intrathecal administration of GABA antagonists markedly lowered tail-withdrawal threshold in naive animals, and GABA agonists or GAT inhibitors significantly attenuated neuropathic pain in nerve-injured animals. However, any quantitative changes in spinal GABAergic elements were not observed in both the allodynic and non-allodynic groups. These results suggest that although the impairment in spinal GABAergic inhibition may play a role in mediation of neuropathic pain, it is not accomplished by the quantitative change in spinal elements for GABAergic inhibition and therefore these elements are not related to the generation of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury.
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