Prevalence of referral reasons and clinical symptoms for endodontic referrals

Kim, Seonah The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.3

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of different primary reasons for endodontic referrals and the clinical symptoms of the referred cases. Materials and Methods: Clinical data of total endodontic treatment cases (1,014 teeth) including endodontic referral cases (224 teeth) between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012, at Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, were investigated retrospectively. The one major reason for referral, the clinical symptoms, and the resulting treatment procedures of referral cases were recorded. The percentages of clinical symptoms of the endodontic referral cases and the total endodontic treatment cases were compared by ${\chi}^2$ test for each symptom. Results: Persistent pain was the most frequent reason for endodontic referral (29.5%), followed by presence of gingival swelling and sinus tract (24.1%), and apical radiolucency (12.9%). Referrals in cases involving endodontic difficulties such as canal calcification, broken instruments, post, perforation, and resorption were less than 5.0%, respectively. The percentages of four major clinical symptoms of pain, apical radiolucency, previous endodontic treatment, and gingival swelling and sinus tract were significantly higher in the endodontic referral cases than those in the total endodontic cases (p = 0.001). Among the included referral cases, 72.8% were treated with nonsurgical endodontic treatment only. Teeth other than the referred teeth were diagnosed as the origin of the problem in 5.8% of the referrals. Conclusions: The high prevalence of pain, apical radiolucency, previous treatment, and gingival swelling and sinus tract in endodontic referral cases suggest that these symptoms may be what general practitioners consider to be difficult and refer to endodontists.

Design Principles for Sustainable Chemistry: A Theoretical and Machine Learning Approach

Seonah KIM 한국생물공학회 2023 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.4

Ways to Improve the Efficiency of the Self Quality Inspection Analysis for RTE Kimbab

Seonah KIM,Song-Soo LIM 한국유통과학회 2019 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.10 No.9

Purpose - The self quality inspection which is mandatory in Republic of Korea can play an important role in promoting food safety, but the cost for self quality inspection is also a big burden especially for small businesses. In addition, excessive or duplicated inspection costs resulting from the standard gaps of various ministries and agencies ultimately effect negative social utility. Thus, this paper aims to suggest ways to improve the analysis of self quality inspection for the Ready-to-Eat Foods in terms of dried laver, in order to reduce costs caused by overinclusion. Research design, data, and methodology - The focus of interest is seaweed in Kimbab, which is to be exempted from the Vibrio parahaemolyticus test on the three grounds. First, existing literature provides little support for the necessity of performing a microbiological test. Second, laver products do not require the V.parahaemolyticus test by international standards such as the CODEX. Third, no case was found for seaweed products on the list of information on failed food items over the 2015~16 period. Results - Other types of seaweed such as exportable and seasoning seaweed are not subject to the test. Hence, exclusion of the V.pahaemolyticus test on seaweed is a valid point, bringing about large expected cost savings to many small businesses. Conclusions - Based on a complete survey of 75 food-testing agencies from March 20th to 30th, 2018, this paper finds that the proposed revision of the Kimbab test is likely to save an average of 130,000 won per business per year. Especially, in the case of the testing fee of Salmonella spp.(n,c,m,M), the cost difference by agencies was found to be up to five times. The regional gap in testing fees can be considered an unfair barrier. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine whether the testing fee is set at an appropriate level through the cost-extraction program proposed by the Ministry Food and Drug Safety. Hence, the survey results also point out that harmonization of testing fees charged by different food-testing agencies is appropriate with respect to transparency and efficiency.

Green Routes to Renewable Energy through Thermochemical and Biochemical Conversions

Seonah KIM 한국생물공학회 2015 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Protaetia brevitarsis Protects PC12 Cells against Amyloid Beta Peptide25-35-Induced Cell Injury

Hyeri Kim,Seonah Lee,Eun-Young Yun,Jae-Sam Hwang,Mok-Ryeon Ahn,Oh-Yoen Kim,Mira Jun 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2014 No.10

영화 상영시장의 현황 및 개선 방향에 관한 연구 – 극장 요금과 스크린 독과점을 중심으로

김선아(Seonah Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.23 No.1

학부 한중통역 교재 분석

김선아(Kim, Seonah) 한국통번역교육학회 2020 통번역교육연구 Vol.18 No.4

This paper conducted an analysis to recognize the current status of interpretation education and problems related to the publication and use of textbooks and to find out the degree of compliance with the demand for undergraduate interpretation education in the four textbooks. First of all, regarding the goals and contents of the undergraduate interpretation education, unlike graduate schools, we should focus on basic introductions of interpretation and improvement of target language skills. It also pointed out that due to the limitations of the language ability and background knowledge of undergraduate learners, the focus should be on training that analyzing the contents of the text and deriving its meaning. Then we analyzed the composition, contents, and training methods of interpretation materials for undergraduates published in Korea. Through this, we could see that there is a gap between the reality of the professional interpretation and the reality of undergraduate interpretation education in the existing textbooks, and we could recognize that various approaches are needed to explain and introduce words and useful expressions.

미투 운동 이후 한국 영화산업의 변화 및 성평등 영화정책의 방향

김선아(Seonah Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2023 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.23 No.12

In October 2017, the #Me Too movement, triggered by the New York Times report on sexual harassment by Harvey Weinstein, a famous film producer, revealed the ugly reality of sexual harassment and sexual violence within the film industry. And it has had a great impact on each field, including society, culture, and politics around the world. This study examines the changes that have occurred in the Korean film industry since the #Me Too movement, largely from the perspectives of Womans Film and prevention training and victim support. And it examines the flow and current status of gender equality film policy that supports it as a policy. In addition, through in-depth interviews with three people in the film industry and film policy experts, the impact of film policy on the actual field and ways to improve it is sought.

해양심층수를 이용한 구강청정제의 효과

김선아(Seonah Kim),장해진(Hae-Jin Jang),유영근(Yung-Geun Yoo),추용식(Yong-Shik Chu),박양호(Yang-Ho Park),박준우(Jun-Woo Park) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2007 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.33 No.6

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinse products containing deep sea water. We used original deep sea water (DSW) and processed deep sea water desalinated by reverse osmosis at one time (DDW-1), by reverse osmosis at two times (DDW-2) and concentrated by reverse osmosis (CDW). We made 2 kinds of mouthrinse products containing CDW and other agents for smell and taste and one product without deep sea water. The negative control was distilled water. In vivo study, the dental plaque index scores and the gingival index scores were reduced after 4 weeks mouthrinsing three times daily with 4 kinds of deep sea water and 3 kinds of mouthrinse products(p<0.05). The pH of dental plaque in 1 minute after mouthrinsing was not higher than 5.5 in all solutions, but the pH in 20 minutes after mouthrinsing was higher than 5.7 in DSW, CDW and 3 kinds of products which had higher mineral contents. In vitro study, the mouthrinse solutions containing the higher mineral contents were also the more effective in reduction of methyl mercaptan which is one of the causes of halitosis. The 2 kinds of products containing deep sea water killed Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) in culture plates in one minute. These results indicate the usability of deep sea water in mouthrinses for oral hygiene management.

근로표준계약 시행 후 나타난 영화스태프의 직군별 임금과 고용기간의 변화 및 문제점에 관한 연구

김선아(Seonah Kim),안영진(Young-jin Ahn) 한국영화학회 2017 영화연구 Vol.0 No.73

2000년대 한국영화산업의 성장과 더불어 영화스태프의 노동환경과 임금수준이 열악하다는 비판이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔으며 이에 2007년 영화산업 단체협상, 2008년 영화산업 임금협약이 체결되어 2012년 1차 노사정 이행협약으로 이어져, 4대보험 적용과 1일 12시간 근로 등을 원칙으로 하는 근로표준계약이 도입되었다. 본 연구는 2016년 50%에 가까운 상업영화들이 근로 표준계약을 적용하는 상황에서 실제 스태프의 임금상승의 효과와 고용환경에 어떤 변화가 발생했는지를 주요 적용대상인 제작, 연출, 촬영, 조명의 4개 직군을 중심으로 조사하여 발생한 변화와 문제점 등을 밝혀내고자 한다. 근로표준계약의 도입은 한국영화산업이 발전하는 과정에서 내부 구성원들의 성숙한 의사합의를 통해 만들어낸 큰 성과이다. 그러나 시행 초기의 변화와 발생한 문제점들을 조속히 파악하고 정리해서 원칙을 재정립하는 발전적 해법을 찾아보는 일은 영화산업의 지속적인 발전과 노동환경의 질적 성장을 위해서 반드시 필요한 일이다. Along with the growth of the film industry of Korea in the 2000s, there has been a continuous criticism about poor work environment and wage level for film staff. Therefore, the group negotiation in 2007 and the wage agreement of film industry in 2008 have been concluded, leading to the first tripartite commission of labor, management, and government in 2012, and the standard employment contract under four major insurances and 12 hours of work limit per day has been introduced. In this study, while almost 50% of commercial films are created under the standard employment contract in 2016, the change in work environment and staff wages has been evaluated by studying four major occupations in the film industry – production, direction, filming, and lighting, and the change and issues after introduction of standard contract are to be evaluated. The introduction of standard employment contract was a huge accomplishment through mature agreement among members of the film industry in Korea. Rapid evaluation of changes and issues in the initial stage, re-establishment of principles, and determination of developmental solutions regarding problems in the film industry are essential matters for qualitative growth of labor environment for film staff and continuous improvement of the film industry in Korea.