인터넷 광고에서 방문 횟수를 측정하는 암호학적 방법들에 관한 고찰

김순석,신제용,김성권 중앙대학교 정보통신연구소 2000 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.2 No.2

본 논문에서는 웹 광고에서 웹사이트를 방문하려는 고객과 서버(예를 들어, 웹사이트 발행자들)간에 상호작용을 측정하기 위한 안전하고도 효율적인 측정 방법들에 관해 살펴보고자 한다. 대개의 웹 광고는 많은 고객들과 서버들 그리고 서버들에 의해 제공된 고객들의 수 에 관한 정보를 수집하는 감사 기관의 상호작용으로 이루어진다. 이때, 대부분의 서버들은 실제 제공되는 것보다는 훨씬 많은 수의 방문 정보를 감사기관에게 제시함으로서 보다 많은 광고 수익을 얻고자 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 과장된 서버로부터의 방문기록을 막는 암호학적으로 안전한 몇 가지 측정 방법들을 소개하고자 한다. 아울러 이들 측정 방법들은 전반적인 통신 트래픽 이라든가 다른 부수적인 오버헤드가 부가되지 않을 만큼 효율적이어야 할 것이다. In this paper we study on secure and efficient metering schemes to measure the interaction between clients and servers(e.g. the web site publishers) on the web advertisements. In a representative scenario there are many clients and servers, and an audit agency should collect information about the number of clients that were served by each server. A typical server is motivated to claim that it served many more clients than it has actually served. We introduce some metering schemes which are cryptographically secure and prevent servers from inflating the count of their visits. At the same time the metering schemes should be efficient and do not add a considerable overhead to the different parties and to the overall communication traffic.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

전경대원에서 발생한 결핵의 임상 양상

문창기,박상준,조민구,김영중,김소연,김윤권,정준오,안석진,김은실,서승오,김지훈,최원제,이윤영,박형기,최규영,김현근 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background: The purpose of this study was to document the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in combat and auxiliary police, living in a group, in Korea where the incidence rate of active TB in a general population is higher than in Western countries. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all tuberculosis patients diagnosed at National Police Hospital from January 2002 through December 2004. Results:In 2002-2004, a total of 156 cases of tuberculosis were identified with the mean (Standard deviation) age of 20.6 (±1.0) years. Of these, 134 (85.9%) patients were registered as new cases, 11 (7.1%) as relapse, 2 (1.3%) as failure, 5 (3.1%) as treatment-after-default cases whereas 4 (2.6 %) patients were not included in any categories. Average annual new TB rate and smear-positive TB rate were 86.5/10^(5) and 17.4/10^(5) person-years, respectively. In 12 of 31 smear-positive cases, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was more than 30 days. Two multidrug-resistance TB cases were identified and two suspected outbreak episodes of TB had occurred during 3 years. Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of new cases of TB between the general population aged 20 to 29 years and combat and auxiliary police in Korea. 배경 : 국내 결핵의 발생은 감소 추세에 있으나 여전히 후진국형 발생양상을 보이고 있다. 특히 집단생활을 하는 젊은이들에서 발생하는 결핵의 유행이 간헐적으로 알려지고 있어 우려를 낳고 있다. 이에 저자들은 최근 전경대원의 결핵 발병 양상에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 3년간 경찰병원에서 결핵 진료를 받은 전경대원의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 연도별 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성결핵 신환율, 진단 지연, 집단발병, 다제내성결핵을 조사하였다. 결과 : 연도별 결핵 신환자 수(10만명당 발생추정치)는 2002년 50명(83.6명), 2003년 42명(83.7명), 2004년 42명(93.5명)이었고 도말양성 폐결핵 신환자 수는 2002년 10명(16.7명), 2003년 11명(21.9명), 2004년 6명(13.4명)이었다. 3년간 도말양성 폐결핵 환자는 31명이 있었고 그 중 12명은 호흡기 증상 발생 30일이 지나서 진단을 받았다. 다제내성 결핵은 2명이 있었으며 결핵의 집단발병이 의심되는 사례는 2차례 있었다. 결론 : 전경대원과 20-29세 연령군 일반인의 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성 폐결핵 발생률의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.

DEVELOPMENT OF VIRUS RESISTANT CROPS BY GENETIC MANIPULATION

Kwon, Seok-Yoon,Cho, Hye-Sun,You, Jin-Sam,Jun, Se-Il,Kwon, Chang-Seob,Cho, Soo-Jin,Kim, Shin-Je,Paek, Kyung-Hee Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 1994 Proceedings the 2nd Korean-Germany joint symposium Vol.1994 No.-

오리사 바닥 깔짚자동살포장치 개발 및 실증

권경석 ( Kwon Kyeong-seok ),우제석 ( Woo Jae-seok ),노재희 ( Noh Je-hee ),오상익 ( Oh Sang-ik ),김종복 ( Kim Jong-bok ),김중곤 ( Kim Jung-kon ),양가영 ( Yang Kayoung ),장동화 ( Jang Donghwa ),최성민 ( Choi Sungmin ) 한국농공학회 2021 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.63 No.1

The automatic-spreader of bedding materials was developed to reduce labor cost, and to achieve successful biosecurity in duck houses. Algorithm of the device was designed to realize a concept of the automatic unmanned operation including entire processes such as loading and spreading of the bedding materials. From the field measurement, the relationship between the expected water content reduction and weight of bedding materials per unit area according to the operation condition of the devices was induced. In the case of the measurement of particulate matters during the process of spreading works, the results of using both conventional manual-spreader and automatic-spreader were exceeded the allowable limit of inhalable and respirable dust, respectively. But, workers using automatic-spreader could be free from harmful aero-condition because they did not stay inside the facility during the spreading works. In addition, from the Duck hepatitis virus PCR test, influence on pulmonary tissue of the duck was not found. It could be expected that the development of the automatic-spreader of bedding materials for duck house can contribute to the advancement of duck breeding facilities.

The Effects of Medium and a Container on Growing Blueberry

Yeu Seok Kwon(권의석),Ik-Je Kim(김익제),Seok-Ho Lee(이석호),Tae-Jung Kim(김태중),Cheol-Ku Youn(윤철구) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.5

Construction of Stably Transformed Bm 5 Cells by Using Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus IE 0 Gene

Cho, Eun Sook,Jin, Byung Rae,Sohn, Hung Dae,Choi, Kwang Ho,Kim, Soung Ryul,Kang, Seok Woo,Yun, Eun Young,Kim, Sang Hyun,Kim, Keun Young,Je, Yeon Ho,Kang, Seok Kwon 한국잠사학회 1998 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.40 No.2

To construct transfurmed Bm5 cells, Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus(AcNPV) IE1 gene, an immediate early viral gene was firstly used in this study. AcNPV IE1 gene, which shares on 95.3% nucleotide sequence homology with Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) IE1 gene, was isolated and cloned into pBluescript. Neomycin gene from pKO-neo was inserted under the control of the IE1 promoter to yield pAcIE1-neo. The plasmid pAcIE1-neo was transfected into Bm5 or Sf9 cells, and neomycin-resistant cells were selected in TC100 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1 mg/ml G4l8 for two weeks. Individual clones were picked and each was amplified for further characterization. The genomic DNA from neomycin-resistant cells was isolated and characterized by PCR using AcNPV IEI gene-specific primers and by Southern blot analysis using neomycin gene probe. We concluded that AcNPV IE1 gene was functional in B. mori-derived Bm5 cells as well as Spodoptera fugjprrda-derived Sf9 cells to produce stably-transformed insect cells

Salvage Treatment for Advanced Gastric Cancer Using FEP (5-FU, Etoposide, Cisplatin) Combination Chemotherapy

Je Hyuk Chung,Yee Zee Bae,Sung Hyun Kim,Chang Hoon Moon,Jun Young Chung,Hyuk Chan Kwon,Jae Seok Kim,Hyo Jin Kim 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.5

Purpose: There is no effective treatment for patientswith advanced gastric cancer having failed to respond tofirst line chemotherapy. The aim of this study was toevaluate the therapeutic activity, and safety, of a FEPregimen in patients with a recurrence of, or metastatic,gastric cancer that had been unresponsive to primarychemotherapy.Materials and Methods: Recurred or metastatic gastriccancer patients that did not respond to a 5-fluorouracilbased regimen were entered into this trial. The patientswere treated with FEP (5-FU, etoposide and cisplatin) assalvage chemotherapy. The treatment regimen was 5-FU(900 mg/m2/day) by continuous infusion for 3 days, etoposide(90 mg/m2/day) on days 1, 2 and 3, and cisplatin(60 mg/m2/day) on day 2. This treatment was repeatedevery 3 weeks.Results: Between December 1997 and October 2001, 28patients were enrolled to the study. The response rate was32.1% (95% CI 15.5~57.8%). The median times to progressionand survival duration were 23~33 weeks, respectively.Among a total of 187 cycles of chemotherapy, the grade3 and 4 hematological toxicities were leukopenia (6.4%),thrombocytopenia (1.6%), and grade 3 non-hematologicalside effects of nausea/vomiting (17.9%).Conclusion: FEP combination chemotherapy seems tobe an effective treatment regimen for gastric cancer assalvage chemotherapy. To confirm these results, largescale of clinical trials will be required. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:382-387)

Prognosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Patients with Hematologic Diseases in Korea

Kwon, Jae-Cheol,Kim, Si-Hyun,Park, Sun-Hee,Choi, Su-Mi,Lee, Dong-Gun,Choi, Jung-Hyun,Yoo, Jin-Hong,Kim, Yoo-Jin,Lee, Seok,Kim, Hee-Je,Lee, Jong-Wook,Min, Woo-Sung The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.3

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate therapeutic outcomes and assess factors associated with therapeutic outcomes in hematologic patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Methods: We analyzed all consecutive cases of IPA in adults with hematologic diseases from January 2008 to January 2009 at a Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Center in Seoul, Korea. Results: A total of 54 patients were identified. Underlying diseases were acute myelogenous leukemia (n=25), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=10), myelodysplastic syndrome (n=7), chronic myelogenous leukemia (n=3), multiple myeloma (n=3), severe aplastic anemia (n=2) and other hematologic diseases (n=4). Twenty six patients (48.2%) were assessed as having a favorable response, of which 16 patients (29.6%) showed complete response. Overall 12-week mortality and IPA attributable mortality were 38.9% (n=21) and 33.3% (n=18), respectively. In multivariate analysis, uncontrolled underlying disease (odds ratio [OR], 7.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49~35.94; p=0.014) was associated with an unfavorable response, and for 12-week mortality, uncontrolled underlying disease (OR, 11.79; 95% CI, 1.49~93.46; p=0.020) and hypoalbuminemia (OR, 9.89; 95% CI, 1.42~68.99; p=0.021) were significantly poor prognostic factors. Conclusion: IPA still remains as a poor therapeutic outcome, especially in patients with refractory hematologic diseases.

Construction of a Novel Recombinant Baculovirus Producing Polyhedra with a Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Crystal Protein

Je, Yeon-Ho,Jin, Byung-Rae,Roh, Jong-Yul,Chang, Jin-Hee,Kang, Seok-Kwon The Korean Society of Virology 1999 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.29 No.3

We have now constructed a novel recombinant baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) producing polyhedra with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) CryIAc crystal protein. The recombinant polyhedra produced by the recombinant baculovirus, Btrus, in insect cells was characterized. The recombinant baculovirus has two independent transcription units in opposite orientations with two promoters, p10 or polyhedrin gene promoter each initiating transcription of either native polyhedrin or fusion protein with polyhedrin and Bt Cry1Ac crystal protein. Surprisingly, this recombinant baculovirus stably produced recombinant polyhedra which were nearly similar to those of wild-type AcNPV. The immunogold staining experiment showed that the recombinant polyhedra were assembled with polyhedrin and Bt Cry1Ac crystal protein, and contained virus particles. Insecticidal toxicity of recombinant polyhedra of Btrus to the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, was strikingly improved in comparison with the wild-type AcNPV.