Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid Induces Cell Death in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Necrosis

Sang Hui Chu,Wol Mi Park,Kyung Eun Lee,Young Sook Pae 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1999 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.3 No.6

<P> Intracellular accumulation of bile acids in the hepatocytes during cholestasis is thought to be pathogenic in cholestatic liver injury. Due to the detergent-like effect of the hydrophobic bile acids, hepatocellular injury has been attributed to direct membrane damage. However histological findings of cholestatic liver diseases suggest apoptosis can be a mechanism of cell death during cholestatic liver diseases instead of necrosis. To determine the pattern of hepatocellular toxicity induced by bile acid, we incubated primary cultured rat hepatocytes with a hydrophobic bile acid, Glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC), up to 5 hours. After 5 hours incubation with 400 μM GCDC, lactate dehydrogenase released significantly. Cell viability, quantitated in propidium iodide stained cells concomitant with fluoresceindiacetate was decreased time- and dose-dependently. Most nuclei with condensed chromatin and shrunk cytoplasm were heavily labelled time- and dose-dependently by a positive TUNEL reaction. These findings suggest that both apoptosis and necrosis are involved in hepatocytes injury caused by GCDC.

Characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrate communities at reference streams

Mi-Jung Bae,Hyunduk Cho,Tae-Sung Kwon,Jung Hwa Chun,Young-Seuk Park 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

Benthic macroinvertebrates are sedentary and have an intermediate life span ranging from months to a few years. They play a key role as consumers in the food trophic structure by linking producers, top carnivores, and decomposers in aquatic communities. Therefore, they have been widely used for ecological assessment of aquatic ecosystem health in an integrative and continuous manner. In this study, we characterized benthic macroinvertebrate communities at reference sites, which are not disturbed. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected seasonally with a Surber net at three different streams (Pocheon, Hongcheon, and Namhae). In addition, hydrological and physicochemical environmental factors including temperature, discharge, width, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and pH were also measured at each sampling site. Spatial and temporal differences of benthic macrointertebrate communities were analyzed based on community indices, functional guilds, etc. relating to their environmental factors. Multivariate analysis were used to characterize the relationships between communities and environmental factors. Benthic macroinvertebrates were significantly different among sampling sites reflecting differences of their environmental condition such as hydromorphological factors, meteorological factors, etc.

C-KIT-positive undifferentiated tumor of the liver: A case report

CHU, HYUN HEE,CHO, BAIK HWAN,SONG, JI SOO,KIM, KYUNG MI,MOON, WOO SUNG D.A. Spandidos 2014 Oncology letters Vol.8 No.4

<P>With recent advances in cancer stem cell analysis, it has been postulated that the transformation of hepatic stem and progenitor cells underlies the development of certain liver cancers. Human C-KIT is a transmembrane type III receptor protein with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that has been proposed as a marker for human embryonic stem cells. In addition, human C-KIT functions in maintaining the undifferentiated state of stem cells, and has been identified as a marker for human hematopoietic and hepatic stem/progenitor cells. The present study identified an unusual case of a C-KIT-positive hepatic tumor with an undifferentiated stem cell phenotype distinct from existing descriptions of liver tumors. A 69-year-old male with Ampulla of Vater (AoV) cancer was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of a hepatic mass that was incidentally detected during evaluation of AoV cancer. Microscopically, the hepatic tumor was composed of solidly packed small, round and uniform undifferentiated cells, which resembled that of a small-blue-round-cell tumor. The immunophenotype of neoplastic cells (C-KIT<SUP>+</SUP>/EpCAM<SUP>+</SUP>/E-cadherin<SUP>+</SUP>/keratin 7<SUP>−</SUP>/keratin 19<SUP>−</SUP>/α-fetoprotein<SUP>−</SUP>/albumin<SUP>−</SUP>) supported primitive stem cell features with no hepatic or biliary phenotypes. Polymerase chain reaction and direct DNA sequencing revealed no C-KIT mutations. It is suggested that this tumor may have originated from transformed C-KIT<SUP>+</SUP>/EpCAM<SUP>+</SUP>/E-cadherin<SUP>+</SUP> cells, which are more primitive and undifferentiated than bipotential hepatic progenitor cells.</P>

Chemokine Lkn-1/CCL15 enhances matrix metalloproteinase-9 release from human macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells

Sang-Hee Kwon,Seong-A Ju,Ji-Hye Kang,Chu-Sook Kim,Hyeon-Mi Yoo,Rina Yu 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.2 No.2

Atherosclerosis is characterized by a chronic inflammatory disease, and chemokines play an important role in both initiation and progression of atherosclerosis development. Leukotactin-1 (Lkn-1/CCL15), a new member of the human CC chemokine family, is a potent chemoattractant for leukocytes. Our previous study has demonstrated that Lkn-1/CCL15 plays a role in the initiation of atherosclerosis, however, little is currently known whether Lkn-1/CCL15 is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions play a crucial role in the progression of atherosclerosis by altering the vulnerability of plaque rupture. In the present study, we examined whether Lkn-1/CCL15 modulates MMP-9 release, which is a prevalent form expressed by activated macrophages and foam cells. Human THP-1 monocytic cells and/or human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were treated with phorbol myristate acetate to induce their differentiation into macrophages. Foam cells were prepared by the treatment of THP-1 macrophages with human oxidized LDL. The macrophages and foam cells were treated with Lkn-1/CCL15, and the levels of MMP-9 release were measured by Gelatin Zymography. Lkn-1/CCL15 significantly enhanced the levels of MMP-9 protein secretion from THP-1 monocytic cells-derived macrophages, human PBMC-derived macrophages, as well as macrophage-derived foam cell in a dose dependent manner. Our data suggest that the action of Lkn-1/CCL15 on macrophages and foam cells to release MMP-9 may contribute to plaque destabilization in the progression of atherosclerosis.

난소절제술로 유도된 흰쥐 비만에서 에스트로젠의 작용

Chu, Sang-Hui,Lee, Mi-Kyung,Kowalski, Jill,Beck, Jenny,Schwertz, Dorie 한국기초간호학회 2008 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.10 No.1

Purpose: Hypoestrogenism caused by ovariectomy, disease, or menopause is associated with increased obesity in women. Altered fat distribution and weight gain are consequences of menopausal hypoestrogenism, but the mechanisms responsible are not completely known. This study examined the effect of estrogen on obesity in ovariectomized rats. Method: The groups of female rats were 4 weeks post ovariectomy (OVX) or, 4 weeks post-sham operation (SHAM), and 2 weeks post ovariectomy followed by 2 weeks replacement with estradiol benzoate (ER-$16{\mu}g$/kg, subq, qd). Serum ghrelin level was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The expression of adrenergic receptors in adipose tissue was measured by Western blotting assay. Result: OVX significantly increased body weight, serum cholesterol. Two weeks estrogen replacement reduced body weight accompanied by the increment of serum ghrelin and the reduction of the receptor ratio of adrenergic ${\alpha}_{2A}/{\beta}_1$, and ${\alpha}_{2A}/{\beta}_3$. Conclusion: We provide evidence that estrogen reduces obesity through the altered receptor ratio of adrenergic ${\alpha}_{2A}/{\beta}_1$, and ${\alpha}_{2A}/{\beta}_3$ in adipose tissue in ovariectomized rats.

Viral load and rebound in children with coronavirus disease 2019 during the first outbreak in Daegu city

Chu Mi Ae,Jang Yoon Young,Lee Dong Won,Kim Sung Hoon,류남희,박성균,Lee Jae Hee,Chung Hai Lee 대한소아청소년과학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.64 No.12

Background: Viral load and shedding duration are highly associated with the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, limited studies have reported on viral load or shedding in children and adolescents infected with sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the natural course of viral load in asymptomatic or mild pediatric cases.Methods: Thirty-one children (<18 years) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were hospitalized and enrolled in this study. Viral loads were evaluated in nasopharyngeal swab samples using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (E, RdRp, N genes). cycle threshold (Ct) values were measured when patients met the clinical criteria to be released from quarantine.Results: The mean age of the patients was 9.8 years, 18 (58%) had mild disease, and 13 (42%) were asymptomatic. Most children were infected by adult family members, most commonly by their mothers. The most common symptoms were fever and sputum (26%), followed by cough and runny nose. Nine patients (29%) had a high or intermediate viral load (Ct value≤30) when they had no clinical symptoms. Viral load showed no difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Viral rebounds were found in 15 cases (48%), which contributed to prolonged viral detection. The mean duration of viral detection was 25.6 days. Viral loads were significantly lower in patients with viral rebounds than in those with no rebound (E, P=0.003; RdRp, P=0.01; N, P=0.02).Conclusion: Our study showed that many pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experienced viral rebound and showed viral detection for more than 3 weeks. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between viral rebound and infectiousness in COVID-19.

Inhibitory Effect of Taraxci Herba Methanol Extract on Pro-inflammatory Mediator in Lipopolysaccharide - Activated Raw 264.7 cells

Mi Jeong Jo,Yan Hui Chu,Young Doo Back,Byung Wook Lee,Soon Shik Shin,Young Kyu Kwon,Sang Chan Kim 한의병리학회 2008 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.22 No.4

Detection and Genetic Characterization of Isolates of Hepatitis E Virus from Pigs and Human in Chungnam Region of Korea

Mi-Kyung Chae,Ji-Young Kim,Jiaqi Chu,Duck-Hwan Kim,Han Sang Yoo,Chang-Sik Park,Myung-Cheol Kim,Moo-Hyung Jun 대한미생물학회 2006 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.36 No.1

Adipsin as a Possible Regulatory Gene in Obesity-Associated Pathological Changes in the Colon

Sung-Eun Kim,Eun-Ju Do,Youn-Kyung Bak,Mi-Kyung Kim,Jinsil Choo,JaeRyang Chu,Yun-Jung Bae,Myung-Sook Choi,Seung-Jae Myung,Mi-Kyung Sung 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Histological Expression of Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) I and MAT II as Post-surgical Prognostic Surrogates in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Mi-jung Jun ),( Ju Hyun Shim ),( Joo Ho Lee ),( Gi-won Song ),( Yangsoon Park ),( Eunsil Yu ),( Sung-gyu Lee ),( Jihyun An ),( Danbi Lee ),( Kang Mo Kim ),( Young-suk Lim ),( Han Chu Lee ),( Young-h 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1

Aims: It has been found that methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) gene, encoding isoenzymes MAT I/III, is dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and reduced MAT1A expression correlates with worse HCC prognosis. The X protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibits apoptosis in HCC cells through enhancing the expression of MAT2A gene, encoding MAT II. MA1A/MAT2A switch has been severally demonstrated to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We aimed to investigate prognostic implication of MAT I and MAT II protein expression in HBV-infected patients undergoing hepatic resection for HCC. Methods: In this study, we used a tissue microarray constructed from archival surgical specimens of 166 patients with HBV-related HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy at Asan Medical Center. The tumor tissue microarray was immunohistochemically stained with primary antibodies against MAT I and MAT II. We examined pre- and post-surgical clinical factors related to MAT 1 and MAT II, using logistic regression analysis, and predictive effect of the two proteins on post-surgical recurrence and survival, using Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of the 166 patients, 74.1% were male with a mean age of 52.8 ± 8.7 years, 94% were Child-Pugh class A disease, and 55.4% had liver cirrhosis. In terms of histological factors, most patients had solitary tumor (93.4%) and tumors of 5cm or less (74.7%). Microvascular invasion and Edmondson grade III/IV tumors were observed in 30.7% and 66.9%, respectively of the patients. During a median follow-up of 39 months (range 5-81 months), 12 deaths and 63 recurrences had been found, where 52 recurrences occurred early within 2 years after resection. MAT I and MAT II were positively expressed in 83.7% and 87.3%, respectively of the 166 tumor tissues. MAT I expression was independently associated with male and tumors of 5 cm or less (adjusted P<0.05 for both). Expression of MAT II had a significant relationship with only serum AFP >200 ng/mL (adjusted P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that MAT II expression was significantly correlated with shorter times to overall and early recurrences (hazard ratios 9.97 and 8.26, respectively; adjusted P<0.05 for both), as was not positive MAT I (hazard ratio 1.13; P=0.730). Immunopositivity for two proteins did not influence overall survival (P>0.05 for both). MAT I : MAT II activity ratio below 1.0 was observed in 12.7% of the patients, and not significantly associated with post-surgical recurrence and survival outcomes. Conclusions: Immunohistological expression of MAT II in tumor may be helpful in predicting and monitoring tumor recurrence, especially in the early phase after hepatic resection, in patients with HBV-related HCC.