우리나라 여성 노동력 상태의 동태적 특성 연구

남재량,류근관 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 1999 한국사회과학 Vol.21 No.4

본연구는 「경제활동인구조사」원자료를 패널자료 형태로 연결시켜 우리나라 여성노동력 상태의 동태적 특성을 밝히고 이를 통해 저량측면에서 나타나는 전형적 사실들에 대한 설명을 시도하고 있다.분석에 따르면 여성의 강한 비경제활동 인구화 경향과 높은 실망실업효과가 우리나라여성노동력의 가장 중요한 동태적 특성이다.이러한 특성은 시간에 걸쳐 점차 약화되고 있어서 빈번하던 여성의 노동력상태 변화정도가 점차 하락하는 추세를 보인다.이러한 유량 요인들이 경제활동참가율과 실업률의 성별격차 및 그 격차들의 시간에 걸친 하락이라는 저량 측면의 전형적인 사실들을 나타나게 한 주요 원인이다. This paper constructs a sequence of moving panel data using the raw data files of the Korean current population survey, a monthly household survey conducted by the Korea statistic bureau.Analysing these panel data, this paper finds that strong tendency toward no labor force and a high discouraged worker effect are two major characteristics of the Korean female labor force.These characteristics cause both female labor force participation rates and the female unemplyment rates to be lower than their male counterparts.These characteristics are commonly observed for each age and education subgroup, but are decreasing over time.

Liquidity as Price Effect on Time to Sale

( Keun Kwan Ryu ),( Hyun Yeol Shin ) 한국경제학회 2010 The Korean Economic Review Vol.26 No.2

This paper proposes a new empirical measure of liquidity, termed "liquidity delta." An asset is considered liquid if it can be traded quickly, in large quantities at low cost with little impact on market price. Trade-off between asking price and sale intensity, is one of the most common characteristics of assets. The new measure, liquidity delta, empirically captures this trade-off. We estimate liquidity delta for sixty major stocks listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. We demonstrate that liquidity delta is a useful measure of liquidity, with liquidity level and its variability showing negative and positive relation, respectively, with the asset`s rate of return. The negative relationship shows premium for lack of liquidity whereas the positive one shows premium for liquidity risk.

Push-Push Voltage Controlled Dielectric Resonator Oscillator Using a Broadside Coupler

Ryu, Keun-Kwan,Kim, Sung-Chan The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2015 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.13 No.2

A push-push voltage controlled dielectric resonator oscillator (VCDRO) with a modified frequency tuning structure using broadside couplers is investigated. The push-push VCDRO designed at 16 GHz is manufactured using a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology to reduce the circuit size. The frequency tuning structure using a broadside coupler is embedded in a layer of the A6 substrate by using the LTCC process. Experimental results show that the fundamental and third harmonics are suppressed above 15 dBc and 30 dBc, respectively, and the phase noise of push-push VCDRO is -97.5 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 100 kHz from the carrier. The proposed frequency tuning structure has a tuning range of 4.46 MHz over a control voltage of 1-11 V. This push-push VCDRO has a miniature size of 15 mm×15 mm. The proposed design and fabrication techniques for a push-push oscillator seem to be applicable in many space and commercial VCDRO products.

A 4W GaAs Power Amplifier MMIC for Ku-band Satellite Communication Applications

Keun-Kwan Ryu,Ki-Burm Ahn,Sung-Chan Kim 대한전자공학회 2015 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.15 No.4

In this paper, we demonstrated a 4W power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) for Ku-band satellite communication applications. The used device technology relies on 0.25mm GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) process. The 4W power amplifier MMIC has linear gain of over 30 dB and saturated output power of over 36.1 dBm in the frequency range of 13.75 GHz ~ 14.5 GHz. Power added efficiency (PAE) is over 30 %.

Single Balanced Monolithic Diode Mixer using Marchand Balun for Millimeter-wave Applications

Ryu, Keun-Kwan,Kim, Sung-Chan Institute of Korean Electrical and Electronics Eng 2012 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.16 No.2

In this paper, we reported on a single balanced monolithic diode mixer using Marchand balun for millimeter-wave applications. The single balanced monolithic mixer was fabricated using drain-source-connected pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) diodes considering the PHEMT MMIC full process. The average conversion loss is 16 dB in the RF frequency range of 81~86 GHz at LO frequency of 75 GHz with LO power of 10 dBm. The RF-to-LO isolation characteristics are greater than -30 dB and the total chip size is $1.0mm{\times}1.35mm$.

A 94 GHz Single Balanced Mixer with Planar GaAs Schottky Diodes

Keun-Kwan Ryu,Won-Young Uhm,Sung-Chan Kim 한국정보통신학회 2015 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Vol.7 No.1

In this paper, we developed a 94 GHz low conversion loss single balanced mixer using planar Schottky diodes on GaAs substrate. The GaAs Schottky diode has a nanoscale anode with T-shaped disk, which can yield high cutoff frequency characteristics. The fabricated Schottky diode with anode diameter of 500 nm exhibits ideality factor of 1.32, junction capacitance of 8.03 fF, and cutoff frequency of 944 GHz. Based on this Schottky diode technology, 94 GHz single balanced mixer was realized. The fabricated mixer shows the average conversion loss of -7.58 dB in the RF frequency of 92.5 GHz to 95 GHz at IF frequency of 500 MHz with LO power of 7 dBm. The RF-to-LO isolation characteristics are greater than -30 dB.

A 4W GaAs Power Amplifier MMIC for Ku-band Satellite Communication Applications

Ryu, Keun-Kwan,Ahn, Ki-Burm,Kim, Sung-Chan The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2015 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.15 No.4

In this paper, we demonstrated a 4W power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) for Ku-band satellite communication applications. The used device technology relies on $0.25{\mu}m$ GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) process. The 4W power amplifier MMIC has linear gain of over 30 dB and saturated output power of over 36.1 dBm in the frequency range of 13.75 GHz ~ 14.5 GHz. Power added efficiency (PAE) is over 30 %.

Low Noise and High Linearity GaAs LNA MMIC with Novel Active Bias Circuit for LTE Applications

Ryu, Keun-Kwan,Kim, Yong-Hwan,Kim, Sung-Chan The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2017 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.15 No.2

In this work, we demonstrated a low noise and high linearity low noise amplifier (LNA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) with novel active bias circuit for LTE applications. The device technology used in this work relies on a process involving a $0.25-{\mu}m$ GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT). The LNA MMIC with a novel active bias circuit has a small signal gain of $19.7{\pm}1.5dB$ and output third order intercept point (OIP3) of 38-39 dBm in the frequency range 1.75-2.65 GHz. The noise figure (NF) is less than 0.58 dB over the full bandwidth. Compared with the characteristics of the LNA MMIC without using the novel active bias circuit, the OIP3 is improved about 2-3 dBm. The small signal gain and NF showed no significant change after using the active bias circuit. The novel active bias circuit indeed improves the linearity performance of the LNA MMIC without degradation.

취업, 재교육과 전직, 조기은퇴 등 분석을 위한 중첩세대 모형 : 고령화에 대한 정책적 시사점

류근관 ( Keun Kwan Ryu ),전계형 ( Gyeh Yung Jeon ) 한국금융연구원 2013 韓國經濟의 分析 Vol.19 No.2

이 논문은 4기로 이루어진 ``중첩세대모형``(overlapping generations model)을 제 시하고, 이를 동태적 최적화의 일반균형 틀 내에서 풀어냄으로써 청년기의 취업 장년기 및 노년기의 전직과 재교육, 그리고 노년기의 조기 은퇴 결정 등 노동자의 일생에 걸친 커리어 선택을 종합적으로 분석한다. 이어 모형에 입각한 비교 분석을 통해 노동자의 재교육 지원, 전직 지원, 연금 구조 등과 관련된 정부 정책의 효율 성을 평가한다. 모의실험 결과, 정부는 연금구조 및 전직/재교육 지원체계의 변경 을 통해 개별 노동자의 노동시장 커리어 선택에 영향을 미치고 사회 후생도 변화 시킨다. 재교육 지원의 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 산업별로 그리고 개별 노동자 의 능력별로 재교육 비용의 구조를 파악해야 한다. 전직은 노년기보다는 장년기 에 정부 지원이 이루어질 때 효과적이다. 인구 고령화에 대비하여 노동자의 조기 은퇴를 늦추기 위해서는 사후약방문 식의 즉흥적인 정부 정책 대신 정부의 선제적 정책집행이 필요하다. This paper presents an overlapping generations model to analyze initial job selection, job switch, training, and early retirement of workers with heterogeneous learning ability, solves dynamic general equilibrium under various scenarios, and draws policy implications for designing tax, pension, and subsidy for worker``s training and job switch. By comparing solutions obtained under different policy scenarios, we compare different policy mixes and evaluate their impact on equilibrium labor market outcomes. We show that the government can improve social welfare by suitably designing tax, pension, and subsidy schemes. Governmental subsidy for worker``s job switch is better implemented at a worker``s prime age than at an old age("better earlier than later").

생명과 생명연장의 경제적 가치: 실증분석 결과

류근관 ( Keun Kwan Ryu ),전계형 ( Gyeh Yung Jeon ) 한국응용경제학회 2014 응용경제 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 류근관/전계형(2014)에 제시된 두 개의 이론 모형을 한국의 자료에 적용하여 한국에서 연령별 생명의 가치를 추정하고 이에 근거하여 지난 수십 년간 의료발전이 이룩한 생명연장의 경제적 가치를 추정한다. 이어 2010년~2050년에 걸쳐 소득에서 차지하는 건강 관련 지출 비중의 추이가 어떻게 변할지도 예측해 본다. 우리나라에 대해 연령별 생명의 경제적 가치를 구해보면 이는 1~5세 집단에서 가장 높게 나타나는데 보수적으로 계산해도 2010년 화폐가치로 약 8억 원으로 추정된다. 또한 1990년부터 2010년까지 우리나라가 기록한 사망률 감소의 경제적 가치는 약 940조 원으로 추정되고, 향후 사망률이 현재보다 1%만 감소하더라도 그 경제적 가치는 최저 약 48조 원에서 최대 약 125조 원 정도로 추정된다. 한편 2050년에는 국내 총 지출에서 차지하는 건강관련 지출의 비중이 약 27% 정도로까지 상승할 것으로 예측된다. Using two economic models in Ryu and Jeon(2014), we estimate economic value of life in Korea for each 5-year age group and forecast optimal share of health spending by year 2050. We find that the economic value of life is highest for those aged 1-5 years, that this value of life is approximately KRW 800 million at the minimum, that the mortality reduction achieved over the years 1990 to 2010 is worth KRW 940~2,325 trillion, that 1% future decline in the mortality rate is estimated to be worth KRW 48~125 trillion, and that for year 2050 the optimal share of health spending is forecasted to be 27% in Korea and 31% in the U.S.