Synthesis and Properties of UV Curable Waterborne Polyurethane Acrylate Nanocomposite Films Based on the Surface Modification of γ-Al₂O₃

Wen Ran,Shaohui Lin,Garry L. Rempel,Qinmin Pan 한국고분자학회 2017 폴리머 Vol.41 No.3

Waterborne polyurethane acrylate/surface-modified γ-Al₂O₃ (WPUA/SAl₂O₃) nanocomposite films were prepared via a UV-initiated free radical photopolymerization system composed of nanocomposite emulsion, reactive diluents and a photoinitiator. To improve the compatibility of inorganic and organic phases, γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were surface-modified by γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane and combined with a WPUA matrix. The WPUA oligomer was initially prepared by step-growth polymerization, and the content of hydrophilic chain extender, dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) was varied to investigate its effect on the properties of the oligomer emulsion. Performance of nanocomposite films with various loadings of SAl₂O₃ was evaluated by TGA and DSC, water uptake/swelling degree, surface wettability, tensile strength and elongation at break, etc. The results revealed that thermostability of the nanocomposite film was reinforced compared with the WPUA matrix. Swelling capacity and mechanical strength were also improved due to the increase of crosslinking density. Moreover, the optimum content of DMPA for oligomer synthesis was 5%.

Mixtures of Tea and Citrus maxima (pomelo) Alleviate Lipid Deposition in HepG2 Cells Through the AMPK/ACC Signaling Pathway

Ran An,Shuai Wen,Dong-Li Li,Qiu-Hua Li,Xing-Fei Lai,Wen-Ji Zhang,Ruo-Hong Chen,Jun-Xi Cao,Zhi-Gang Li,Qiu-Sheng Huang,Ling-Li Sun,Shi-Li Sun 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.9

Tea and citrus maxima are natural, medicinal homologous plants, typically used for making beverages, which have anticancer, antiobesity, and antioxidation properties. Green tea, yellow tea, and black tea were combined with citrus maxima to obtain green tea and Citrus maxima (GTCM), yellow tea and Citrus maxima (YTCM), and black tea and Citrus maxima (BTCM). The biochemical components of these mixtures were analyzed, and their possible effects and mechanisms on relieving liver lipid deposition were explored. The tea polyphenols, free amino acids, phenolamine ratio, and caffeine were comparable in YTCM and GTCM, being significantly higher than those in BTCM. In addition, the content of esterified catechins, nonesterified catechins, and total catechins in YTCM was significantly higher than those in GTCM and BTCM. All three mixtures of Citrus maxima tea significantly reduced lipid deposition in HepG2 cells, with GTCM and YTCM being slightly more effective than BTCM. Regarding the possible mechanism, Western blot analysis revealed that the three Citrus maxima tea mixtures could activate the AMPK/ACC signaling pathway, upregulate the expression of p-AMPK, p-ACC, and CPT-1 proteins, and downregulate the expression of SREBP1c and fatty acid synthase proteins to inhibit fat synthesis, thereby relieving lipid deposition in liver cells. In conclusion, as a novel and healthy beverage, Citrus maxima tea has the potential to alleviate liver lipid deposition, and further could be responsible for obesity treatment.

Evaluation on Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of (TiB+TiC)/Ti- 6Al-4V Matrix Composite

Zi-Run Yang,Hai-Xiang Huan,Cui-Feng Jiang,Wen-Min Li,Xue-Ran Liu,류성기 한국정밀공학회 2017 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.18 No.8

The dry sliding wear tests were performed for 10 vol.% (TiB+TiC)/Ti-6Al-4V matrix composites at various test conditions. The morphology and phases of worn surfaces and cross-sectional surfaces were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The wear loss of composites with the increase of load, but the wear behavior got more complex when the sliding speed and ambient temperature got higher. Low wear loss was achieved at lower sliding speed with higher temperature or higher sliding speed with lower temperature. A tribo-layer was always formed on worn surface during testing. It possessed different features and thus presented different effects during sliding wear. Meanwhile, the TiB and TiC particulates strengthened the Ti-6Al- 4V matrix, which increased the thermal stability of composites and postponed the occurrence of severe plastic deformation. In the mild wear region, those particulates could directly resist wear by reducing adhesive wear. In the steady stage, fractured TiB and TiC particulates participated in forming the tribo-layer together with wear debris, which effectively hindered the plastic deformation and thermal softening of the matrix. Experiment results suggest that the existence of different characteristic tribo-layers would result in the variation of wear behavior.

The thermal stability of atomic layer deposited HfLaOx: Material and electrical characterization

Wen Yang,Qing-Qing Sun,Run-Chen Fang,Lin Chen,Peng Zhou,Shi-Jin Ding,David Wei Zhang 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.6

HfLaOx based Metaleoxideesemiconductor capacitors were fabricated by atomic layer deposition in this work. The material and electrical properties of the films along with the high temperature thermal treatment were investigated. It was found that samples undergoing annealing at 900 ℃ exhibited the best performance. The film was found to be crystallized to a cubic structure at 900 ℃, and the roughness of the films was estimated to be 0.332 nm. For electrical characterization, the C-V curve of the film is in good agreement with the corresponding simulated curve, and the capacitor does not show any hysteresis. Moreover, the Dit near the center of silicon band gap exhibits lowest value, and it was calculated to be 2.28 × 1011 eV-1 cm-2. HfLaOx based Metaleoxideesemiconductor capacitors were fabricated by atomic layer deposition in this work. The material and electrical properties of the films along with the high temperature thermal treatment were investigated. It was found that samples undergoing annealing at 900 ℃ exhibited the best performance. The film was found to be crystallized to a cubic structure at 900 ℃, and the roughness of the films was estimated to be 0.332 nm. For electrical characterization, the C-V curve of the film is in good agreement with the corresponding simulated curve, and the capacitor does not show any hysteresis. Moreover, the Dit near the center of silicon band gap exhibits lowest value, and it was calculated to be 2.28 × 1011 eV-1 cm-2.

Morphological and Anatomical Differences among Three Seagrass Species in a High-energy Coastal Area Typically Dominated by Surfgrass in a Rocky Coastal Area of Shandong Peninsula, China

Wen Tao Li,Jia Song,Chongfeng Zhong,Xin Hou,Ran Cheng,Pei-dong Zhang 한국해양과학기술원 2020 Ocean science journal Vol.55 No.2

Surfgrass Phyllospadix iwatensis is the dominant seagrass species in the coastal area of Mashanli, which lies at the east end of Shandong Peninsula, China. To our surprise, some Zostera marina and Zostera caespitosa patches have been recently found adjoining the surfgrass meadows. How the two Zostera species adapt to the high-energy habitats where Phyllospadix spp. thrive, and what kind of differences there are in the morphology and anatomy among the three species are unknown. To understand their adaptation strategies to the environment, we observed their morphological feature and anatomical structure of the three seagrass species by optical microscope. The results showed that much narrower leaves were observed in P. iwatensis, much higher plant density was observed in Z. caespitosa and Z. marina and much lower plant height was observed in Z. marina, which might have contributed to their adaptation in the environment. While for the supporting tissues (the epidermis, mesophyll cells, and vascular bundles for leaves, as well as the epidermis, exodermis and stele for rhizomes), the number of mesophyll cells in the leaves and the proportion of the other tissues in the cross sections in the leaves and rhizomes were significantly different among species. The results suggested that the three species adapt to the high-energy environment through different strategies.

Differential Impacts on Bacterial Composition and Abundance in Rhizosphere Compartments between Al-Tolerant and Al-Sensitive Soybean Genotypes in Acidic Soil

Wen Zhong-Ling,Yang Min-Kai,Fazal Aliya,Liao Yong-Hui,Cheng Lin-Run,Hua Xiao-Mei,Hu Dong-Qing,Shi Ji-Sen,Yang Rong-Wu,Lu Gui-Hua,Qi Jin-Liang,Zhi Hong,Qian Qiu-Ping,Yang Yong-Hua 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.8

In this study, two soybean genotypes, i.e., aluminum-tolerant Baxi 10 (BX10) and aluminumsensitive Bendi 2 (BD2), were used as plant materials and acidic red soil was used as growth medium. The soil layers from the inside to the outside of the root are: rhizospheric soil after washing (WRH), rhizospheric soil after brushing (BRH) and rhizospheric soil at two sides (SRH), respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene amplicons via Illumina MiSeq. The results of alpha diversity analysis showed that the BRH and SRH of BX10 were significantly lower in community richness than that of BD2, while the WRH exhibited no significant difference between BX10 and BD2. Among the three sampling compartments of the same soybean genotype, WRH had the lowest community richness and diversity while showing the highest coverage. Beta diversity analysis results displayed no significant difference for any compartment between the two genotypes, or among the three different sampling compartments for any same soybean genotype. However, the relative abundance of major bacterial taxa, specifically nitrogen-fixing and/or aluminum-tolerant bacteria, was significantly different in the compartments of the BRH and/or SRH at phylum and genus levels, indicating genotype-dependent variations in rhizosphere bacterial communities. Strikingly, as compared with BRH and SRH, the WRH within the same genotype (BX10 or BD2) always had an enrichment effect on rhizosphere bacteria associated with nitrogen fixation

Fabrication of Photopolymer Hierarchical Micronanostructures by Coupling Electrospinning and Photolithography for SERS Substrates

Wen-Yi Zhang,Xin-Ze Xiao,Chao Lv,Jia Zhao,Gong Wang,Xuan Gu,Ran Zhang,Bin-Bin Xu,Dan-Dan Zhang,Ai-Wu Li,Yong-Lai Zhang,Hong-Bo Sun 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.3

Reported here is the fabrication of photopolymer hierarchical micronanostructures through a combinative process of electrospinning and subsequent photolithography. Electrospun SU-8 (epoxy-based negative photoresist)nanofiber films have been patterned into gratings with periods of 100, 200, 300, and 400 μm, respectively. Deposition of a silver nanolayer on these interlaced nanofiber films would lead to the formation of various plasmonic nanostructures,and therefore, giving rise to abundant surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) “hot spots”. In the detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G), probing molecule, the resultant SERS substrates show both high sensitivity and good reproducibility. The SERS enhancement factor could reach as high as ~108, indicating high efficiency. The fabrication of patterned, highly efficient SERS substrates may hold a great promise for the integration of SERS substrates in various microdevices such as microfluidic chips.

Mitochondrial NDUFA4L2 attenuates the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells induced by oxidative stress via the inhibition of mitophagy

Wen-Ning Xu,Huo-Liang Zheng,Run-Ze Yang,Tao Liu,Wei Yu,Xin-Feng Zheng,Bo Li,Sheng-Dan Jiang,Lei-Sheng Jiang 생화학분자생물학회 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.-

The main pathological mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the programmed apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Oxidative stress is a significant cause of IVDD. Whether mitophagy is induced by strong oxidative stress in IVDD remains to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and mitophagy and to better understand the mechanism of IVDD in vivo and in vitro. To this end, we obtained primary NP cells from the human NP and subsequently exposed them to TBHP. We observed that oxidative stress induced mitophagy to cause apoptosis in NP cells, and we suppressed mitophagy and found that NP cells were protected against apoptosis. Interestingly, TBHP resulted in mitophagy through the inhibition of the HIF-1α/NDUFA4L2 pathway. Therefore, the upregulation of mitochondrial NDUFA4L2 restricted mitophagy induced by oxidative stress. Furthermore, the expression levels of HIF-1α and NDUFA4L2 were decreased in human IVDD. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that the upregulation of NDUFA4L2 ameliorated the apoptosis of NP cells by repressing excessive mitophagy, which ultimately alleviated IVDD. These findings show for the first time that NDUFA4L2 and mitophagy may be potential therapeutic targets for IVDD.

Fabrication and Properties of Mo2FeB2 Cermet Coating on Stainless Steel Surface via One-Step Forming Technology of Powder Metallurgy

Zi-Run Yang,Xin-Xing Li,Liu Zhang,Wen-Qian Yang,Wei-Bing Shi,Dan-Dan Li,Jie Cai 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.7

Mo2 FeB2 cermet coating and stainless steel substrate were integrally fabricated by one-step forming technology of powder metallurgy. The phase and microstructure of the coating and interface were analysed through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Microhardness, bending strength, and wear resistance were also measured by Vickers tester, the electronic universal testing machine and wear tester. The microstructure of Mo2 FeB2 cermet coating showed Mo2 FeB2 hard phase and Fe binder phase, which was uniform and dense. A compacted interface without pores or defects was formed between the cermet coating and stainless steel substrate. The formation of eutectic liquid phase and applied pressure in sintering process promoted densification of the coating. Mo2 FeB2 cermet coating presented a microhardness of 1275 HV200 , which was obviously higher than that of 316L stainless steel substrate. The results of three-point bending test and wear test showed that Mo2 FeB2 cermet coating on steel substrate maintained good metallurgical interface bonding with the substrate, and the coating exhibited high bending strength and excellent wear resistance.

Study on the Evaluation of Agricultural Supply Chain Finance Model: Focused on Jilin Province China

Zhi-Run Li(이지윤),Wen Ju(극문),Sung-Chan Kim(김성찬),Shi-Yong Piao(박세영),Shuang-Yu Hu(호쌍우),Jong-In Lee(이종인) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.8

수십 년의 개발 끝에 중국의 농업 공급망 금융(ASCF) 모델은 뚜렷한 특징을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주로 농업 공급망 금융(ASCF)의 형성과 발전 메커니즘, 다양한 형태의 농업 공급망 금융(ASCF), 농업 공급망 금융(ASCF)의 평가 방법을 소개한다. 본 논문은 중국 지린성의 데이터를 사용하며 그레이 상관 분석(Gray Correlation Analysis) 및 엔트로피 법칙(entropy method)으로 표본을 평가한다. 이런 분석결과를 바탕으로 이 연구는 농업 공급망 금융(ASCF)이 농촌 경제 발전에 미치는 영향을 파악한다. 그레이 상관 분석법(Grey Correlation Analysis)을 이용하면 농촌경제개발구조의 지표가 0.7998로 농촌경제발전에 대한 상관관계가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 엔트로피 법칙(entropy method)을 활용해 금융발전 규모 지수가 0.78로 농촌경제발전에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 농업 공급망 금융(ASCF)이 농촌 경제 발전에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 농업 핵심 기업이 가장 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문은 농촌 금융의 발전을 위한 몇 가지 새로운 방법을 제공한다. 농업 공급망 금융(ASCF)이 농촌경제 개선에 상당한 영향을 미치고 있음을 시사하며, 농업 공급망 금융(ASCF) 발전의 초점, 즉 농업 핵심 기업이 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 시사한다. After many decades of development, China"s agricultural supply chain finance model has distinct characteristics. This article mainly introduces the formation and development mechanism of an agricultural supply chain finance, different types of agricultural supply chain finance, and evaluation methods of agricultural supply chain finance. This paper uses the data from Jilin Province, China, and evaluates the samples using grey correlation analysis and entropy methods. This study examined the impact of agricultural supply chain finance on rural economic development. Using the grey correlation analysis method, the results showed that the index of the rural financial development structure had the highest correlation with rural economic development, which was 0.7998. On the other hand, the entropy method found that the index of the financial development scale had the largest impact on rural economic development, which was 0.78. This study concluded that agricultural supply chain finance has a positive effect on the development of the rural economy, and agricultural core enterprises play a critical role. The evidence from China can provide some new modes for the development of rural finance. Moreover, agricultural supply chain finance has a significant effect on improving the rural economy. Most importantly, this study highlights the critical role of agricultural core enterprises in the development of agricultural supply chain finance.