The influence of obesity on pediatric conscious sedation

Park, Ki-Tae,Kim, Ji-Yeon,Park, Sung-Dong 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate as to whether obesity have any effects on conscious sedation outcomes. Methods: Forty children (mean age 30.5 months, mean height and weight were 91.3 cm, 14.3 kg respectively) were sedated with chloral hydrate (60 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (25 mg). The relative obesity rate of the patients was obtained by the proportion of height to weight and the tonsil size of the patients was classified by Brodsky's scale. The overall sedation outcomes were evaluated by Houpt's scale. The pulse and respiratory rates during sedation were also evaluated. Results: The obesity of the patients had no statistically significant effects on movement, crying during sedation. However, an increase in obesity had negative effects on the overall conscious sedation outcomes. Conclusion: This investigation demonstrated that increased obesity may cause detrimental effects on pediatric conscious sedation outcomes. 본 연구의 목적은 소아의 비만도가 진정요법의 효과에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 삼성서울병원 소아치과에 내원한 환자 중 ASA Ⅰ또는Ⅱ에 해당하는 40명의 환아 (평균연령 30.5개월, 평균신장 91.3cm, 평균체중 14.3kg)를 대상으로 chloral hydrate(60mg/kg) 및 hydroxyzine(25mg)을 사용하여 진정요법을 시행하였다. 환아의 체중과 신장을 이용하여 환아 각각의 비만도를 계산하였고 Broadsky's scale을 이용하여 편도선의 크기를 측정하였다. 진정요법에 대한 결과는 Houpt's scale(수면, 움직임, 울음, 전반적인 행동지수)을 이용하여 평가하였다. 환아의 비만도는 진정효과중 움직임과 울음에 대하여는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 만들지 않았으나 비만도가 증가 할수록 전반적인 행동지수가 유의하게 나빠지는 결과를 보였다.

LT, Others : PE-133 ; A case of hepatic hemangioma appearing atypical finding confirmed by dynamic MRI in patients with high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

( Dong Won Park1 ),( Soo Hyung Ryu1 ),( Myung Ki Oh ),( Seong Yeon Jeong ),( Kyeong Sam Ok ),( Jae Chan Shim ),( Jin Nam Kim ),( You Sun Kim ),( Jeong Seop Moon ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background: Hemangioma is the most common benign hepatic tumor. Many hepatic hemangiomas tend to be found incidentally, but should be differentiated from malignant tumors. We report an interesting case of hepatic hemangioma in patient who has high risks of hepatocellular carcinoma. Case: A 52-year-old woman, who was a chronic alcoholic abuser and hepatitis C virus carrier with no treatment experience, was admitted due to diarrhea. The patient had suffered from intermittent abdominal pain in the right subcostal area for recent 3 months. Also the patient had easy bruising and frequent epistaxis. She had used oral contraceptives for almost 20 years. Systolic blood pressure was 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure was 80 mmHg. Body temperature was normal. Physical examination revealed icteric sclerae and tenderness in right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Laboratory study showed platelet count of 31,000/ul, AST/ALT of 302/127 IU/L, and total bilirubin of 2.7 mg/dl. 3-phased contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a 4 cm × 4 cm sized hepatic mass involving both segment 5 and 6. Abdominal CT finding suggested hepatic hemangioma, however, typical finding of hemagioma was unclear, therefore, could not rule out the malignancy. Since she had risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma, abdominal ultrasonography was performed for further evaluation. But abdominal ultrasonography also showed atypical finding. The confirmative diagnosis could be done by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using primovist®, which is an innovative liver cell-specific contrast medium. Dynamic MRI presented peripheral globular enhancement and a centripetal fill-in pattern, confirmatory findings of hepatic hemangioma, on the delayed image. The patient got relief from abdominal pain and diarrhea during admission, now is being followed-up at a general out-patient clinics. Conclusions: Hemangiomas with atypical abdominal CT and ultrasonographic findings in patients with high risks of hepatocellular carcinoma can be easily characterized with primovist-enhanced dynamic MRI.

정신분열병과 Neuregulin 1 유전자의 연합연구

박동연,이유상,조은영,조승희,장용이,전현옥,장수연,윤세창,김종원,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives : The authors recently found a suggestive evidence of linkage of chromosome 8p21-12 to schizophrenia in Korean multiplex families. Neuregutin 1 (NRGI) was identified in this locus as a positional and functional candidate gene for Schizo-phrenia, through several independent studies with European and Chinese populations. The purpose of this study is to determine whether NRGl is associated with schizophrenia in Korean population. Methods : Three SNPs (SNP8NRG221533, SNP8NRG241930, SNP8NRG243177) and two microsatellites markers (478B14-848,420M9-1395) located at the 5' end of NRGI were genotyped for 242 unrelated schizophrenia patients and the same num-ber of normal controls. Genetic association was tested by χ²-test (df=1). Not only for the whole patients group but also for asubgroup of patients with auditory hallucination. This subtype showed stronger linkage with chromosome 8p12 in the prior study of the authors with multiplex families. Results : G allele of SNP8NRG241930 was significantly in excess in the subgroup of patients with auditory hallucination compared to the control group (p=0.03, 0R=1.76). We also found that 3 SNPs haplotype TTC (p=0.04, 0R=0.58) and five markers haplotype TTC53 (p=0.01,0R=0.49) were associated with schziophrenia with a protective effect. Three SNPs haplotype CGT which is a part of the at-risk haplotype of the Icelandic schizophrenia families was found in excess in the patients group but no significant association was observed. Conclusion : NRGI might either play a mle in the predisposition to schizophrenia or be in linkage disequilibrium with a causal locus of this illness.

벼 육묘기 개발 및 육묘 실용성

박성태,김상열,황동용,홍연규 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

벼 농사에서 기계화가 어려운 육묘를 못자리 없이 간편하고 저비용으로 할 수 있는 육묘기 개발 및 개발 육묘기의 실용성 평가시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개발 조립식 육묘기는 파종상자 치상선반, 플라스틱판, 부직포와 비닐로 만든 보온덮개로 구성되어 있고 35상자 육묘용 육묘기는 규격이 가로 152㎝, 세로 63㎝, 높이 147㎝이며 무게 75㎏이며, 육묘일수에 따라 육묘선반 간격을 간단히 조절할 수 있다. 2. 개발 육묘기를 이용 육묘시 묘소질은 관행 못자리 모와 비슷하고 결주율는 3.2%로 못자리 육묘상자모 2.8%와 거의 같았다. 3. 개발 육묘기는 대당 20만원정도로 기존 자동화 육묘시설 (198평:7,360상자 육묘기준 및 장비에 비하여 시설비가 43% 절감 된다. 4. 육묘 노력시간은 개발 육묘기는 ㏊당 7.9시간으로 자동화 시설육묘 및 못자리 육묘에 비하여 각각 18%, 76%절감 되었다. 5. 물 사용량은 개발 육묘기 이용 육묘는 ㏊당 2.5kl로 자동화 시설육묘 및 못자리 육묘에 비하여 6~8배 절감되었다. Raising seedling in nursery bed needs not only a lots of time but also labor input which are hard especially to the old and lady farmers. On the other hand, construction of seedling raising facilities such as automated seedling raising house also requires a lots of money. To overcome those problems, a simple seedling raising shelf, which is not necessary for preparation of the seedling raising nursery bed, was developed and its feasibility of seedling raising was evaluated. The dimension of the seedling raising shelf has 152㎝ in length by 63㎝ in width with 147㎝ in height. The shelf is composed of 6 to 7 layers of shelf frame, plastic tray for seedling raising, water supply pipes and white polyester cover. The height of a seedling raising shelf can be adjusted to 6 or 7 layers simply by changing the height of plastic pipes. One unit shelf can accomodate 30 to 35 seedling trays which can transplant about 1000 ㎡ rice field. The seedling height and dry weight of rice seedling grown in the shelf-type seedling raising apparatus was not significantly different from those seedlings grown in the conventional nursery bed. Missing hill percent-age of the seedling grown in shelf-type seedling raising apparatus was 4.3% similar to that of nursery bed of 4.3%. The seeding raising shelf has following advantages. The seedling raising shelf reduces cost of the seedling raising facilities by 43%, labor input hour by 18%, irrigation water saving by 83% versus automated the automated seedling raising house and labor saving by 76% and irrigation water saving as much as 6~8 times versus the conventional seedling raising method of nursery bed.

HID 램프용 전자식 안정기의 점화기에 관한 연구

박종연,정동열 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1998 産業技術硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Today there is an ever increasing effort to control high-pressure discharge lamps with electronic ballasts. HID lamps can be ignited by high-voltage pulses and need an ignitor to start them. An ignitor gives high-voltage pulses to HID lamps, which have the type of the P-spice program and we have shown experimental results in this paper . The result of this study seems to be able to help to develope various ignitors.

두께에 따른 GI Cement의 색상 변화 및 각 Shade 내의 색상 변화 추이도

박기연,신동훈 大韓齒科保存學會 1997 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.22 No.2

Glass ionomer cements, which had been developed in 1972, were widely used as an agent for cementation, base, pit and fissure sealant, and esthetic filling material with the advantages of excellent biocompatibility, anti-cariogenic fluoride release. Specimens were made to evaluate toe color change of Glass ionomer cement with a newly developed improved Fuji Ⅱ LC. Specimens for color change study with cement thickness of 1, 2, 3mm were made and those for the study of color shift pattern were made with the assumption that new mid-shade can be made by mixing of equal amount of both shades in 2mm thickness. After 24 hours in a 37℃ incubator, CIELAB color space were evaluated with a spectrophotometer. The results were as follows; 1. All specimens discolored to dark and blue with an increased thickness in all shades(p<0.05). 2. There were significant a* space(red-green direction) changes in every A, B, C, D shade series except the erlationship between 1mm and 2mm thickness groups in B shade series. But the changes were irregular, e.e., each shade series has its own pattern. 3. Each shade series showed its own specific color shift pattern in all L*, a*, b* spaces. 4. B shade series showed less amont of changes in Δ±E than those of A and C shade series(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in ΔE within each shade series.

산화물 투명전극 ZnO의 급속 열처리 효과

박세현,이상헌,백종협,신동찬 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2005 生産技術硏究 Vol.27 No.spec

최근 발광 다이오드의 금속 전극(Au.Ni)을 투명한 산화물 전극(ITO, ZnO)으로 대체하여 발광 다이오드의 광추출 효율을 향상시키려는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 투명한 산화물 전극인 ZnO에 Al과 Ga을 co-doping 한 후 열처리하여 전기적, 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. ZnO는 (001) 사파이어 기판 위에 상온에서 RF magnetron sputtering을 이용하여 증착하였고 증착 된 박막의 두께는 559 nm이다. 결정구조는 c 축 우선 배양된 육방정계 구조로 잘 성장되었고 표면의 거칠기와 결정립의 크기는 각각 평균 14 nm, 200 nm 로 나타났다. 상온에서 비저항과 면저항은 각각 8×10^(-4) Ω㎝와 15.43 Ω/□으로 낮게 측정되었고 가시광 영역에서 85 % 이상의 높은 투과도를 가져 산화물 전극으로의 응용 가능성을 제시할 수 있었다. Recently a number of researches have been carried out on transparent conducting oxide (ITO, ZnO) to replace metal electrode (Au/Ni) for enhancing light extraction efficiency of LED. In this study, After co-doping Al and Ga to ZnO, the optical and electhcal properties were investigated. ZnO thin film was deposited on (001) sapphire substrate by RF magnetron sputtering system at room temperature. The thickness of ZnO thin film was kept to be 559 ㎚. The film had preferred orientation of C-axis with hexagonal lattice. Surface roughness and average size of grain were 14 ㎚, 200 ㎚ respectively. Resistivity and sheet resistance at room temperature were 8×10_(4) Ω㎝ and 15.43 Ω/□. Transmittance at visible wavelength range was more than 85%. Electrical and optical properties suggest that ZnO could be used for transparent conducting oxide for LED applications.

자궁경부에 발생한 배아성 횡문근육종 2예

박정열,조준식,김대연,이동헌,김종혁,김용만,김영탁,목정은,남주현 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2002 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.13 No.3

횡문근육종은 소아와 청소년기에 가장 흔한 연부조직 육종이다. 발생 부위는 일반적으로 두부 및 경부, 그 다음으로 비뇨생식계이다 조직학적으로 배아성 횡문근육종, 국화상 육종, 폐포성 횡문근육종, 다형성 횡문근육종으로 나누어진다. 횡문근육종의 약 20%가 비뇨생식기에서 발생하고, 50% 이상이 배아성 횡문근육종이다. 여성 생식기의 배아성 횡문근육종은 드문 악성 종양으로,주로 유소아의 질에서 발생하며, 자궁경부에서 발생하는 횡문근육종은 청소년기에 흔하고, 질에서 기원하는 횡문근육종이 자궁경부에 기원하는 경우보다 5배 정도 많다. 폐경기여성에서는 자궁체부에서 가장 흔히 발생한다. 비뇨생식기의 횡문근육종의 치료는 과거에는 골반장기 적출술만으로 치료를 시도하였으나. 서서히 다중 항암화학요법, 방사선요법, 근치적 절제술을 포함한 병합요법으로 바뀌어가고 있으며, 이에 따라 생존율이 현저하게 향상되었다. 이에 저자들은 최근 본원 산부인과에서 자궁경부에 발생한 배아성 횡문근육종 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 아울러 보고하는 바이다. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and young adult. Genitourinary tract is the econd most common site of rhabdomyosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma can be classified into one of four major types; embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and undifferentiated. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract is rare malignant tumor and usually occurs during childhood in the vagina. In rare cases, rhabdomyosarcoma can originate in the uterine cervix, with a peak incidence in the second decade. Recently we have experienced two cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. These cases are presented with a brief review of the literature.

신규개발된 제초제 metamifop 현탁농축액제에 대한 급성독성평가

이동연,이상훈,백경진,김태원,정두순,임종환,김명석,박병권,윤효인 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

Metamifop, (R)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxyphenoxy]-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-methyl propanamide, was newly developed by Dongbu Hannong Chemicals in Korea. In the present study we conducted acute oral toxicity and acute dermal toxicity test. The values of LD_(50) of metamifop was found to be over 5,000 mg/kg for ICR mice. On the other hand, metamifop showed no acute dermal toxicity to SD rats.

히스테리시스 효과의 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션

류연국,양계준,한운동,박용만 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1993 産業科學論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Usefulness of recent versions of PSPICE, personal computer implementation of the SPICE, circuit simulation computer software rogram is demonsterated in simulation of the hysteresis loops magnetic materials. In order to model the hysteresis loop of a particular magnetic core's B-H characteristics, the values of five parameters, which affect the shape of the hysteresis loops, must be established. There is no efficient procedure for selecting the values of five parameters. Neither the PSPICE instruction munual nor any current books or papers address this problem. This paper presents a method for illustrating the effect that each parameter has on the shape of the hysteresis loop.