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옥수수의 품종별 및 가공별 Hydroxycinnamic Acid 유도체 및 Anthocyanin 색소의 함량 변화
유명화(Myeong-Hwa Yu),김은옥(Eun-Ok Kim),최상원(Sang-Won Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.39 No.6
옥수수를 이용한 고품질의 가공식품을 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 옥수수의 품종별 및 가열처리에 따른 기능성 폴리페놀화합물인 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives(HADs) 및 안토시아닌 색소의 함량 변화를 조사하였다. 국내산 3가지 옥수수 품종(찰옥수수, 감미옥수수 및 사료용 옥수수)의 일반성분 함량을 측정한 결과, 수분함량은 4.13~10.07%, 무질소화합물 65.57~81.75%, 단백질 6.51~15.15%, 지방 3.16~12.35%, 섬유소 2.09~7.81%, 회분 1.40~1.96% 범위로, 찰옥수수의 일반성분의 함량은 비슷하였으나 감미종 옥수수는 찰옥수수보다 단백질과 지방 함량이 높은 반면, 당 함량은 낮았으며, 특히 감미종 중 감미옥 품종은 지방과 섬유소 함량이 옥수수 품종 중 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 사료용 옥수수는 단백질 및 지방 함량이 매우 낮았으며, 특히 단백질 함량은 옥수수 품종 중 가장 낮았다. 옥수수 품종 중 찰옥수수는 5가지 HADs 함량이 골고루 분포하고 있는 반면, 사료용 옥수수는 2가지 FCAs의 함량은 낮은 반면, 3가지 PCs 함량이 가장 높았으며, 특히 P3394 품종이 가장 높았다. 감미옥수수는 찰옥수수보다 FCAs의 함량은 대체로 높은 반면, PCs는 사료용보다 적어 대체로 찰옥수수와 사료용 옥수수의 중간 정도의 HADs 함량을 나타내었다. 찰옥수수 품종 중 박사찰옥수수의 총 안토시아닌 색소 함량은 2.03 ㎎/g(건물 중), 알록이찰옥수수는 3.43 ㎎/g, 그리고 흑찰옥수수의 함량은 4.35 ㎎/g으로서 흑미백찰옥수수의 총 안토시아닌 색소 함량이 가장 높았다. 가열처리에 따라 흑찰옥수수의 2가지 FCAs는 다소 증가한 반면, 3가지 PCs는 거의 변화가 없었으며, 가열처리 중 볶음, retort 및 팽화처리는 FCAs를 증가시켰고 특히 팽화처리 시 크게 증가하였다. 가열처리에 따른 흑찰옥수수의 총 안토시아닌 색소 함량을 측정한 결과, 대조구 함량은 4.35 ㎎/g이었으나 retort 처리(4.45 ㎎/g) 경우를 제외하고 대부분 가열처리에 따라 함량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 특히 팽화처리 경우 안토시아닌 함량이 크게 감소하여 거의 소실되었다. 흑미백찰옥수수로부터 주된 안토시아닌 색소인 pelargonidin 3-glucoside(P3G)를 분리 및 동정하였으며, 가열처리에 따른 P3G의 함량 변화를 측정한 결과, retort 처리 경우 함량이 다소 증가한(20.03 ㎎%) 반면, 그 외 볶음, 마이크로파 및 압출성형 처리에 의해 대체로 감소하였으며, 특히 팽화처리 경우 색소가 거의 소실되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 옥수수의 기능성성분인 HADs 및 안토시아닌 색소 함량은 옥수수 품종 및 가공처리에 따라 다소 달라짐을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 옥수수 품종 중 항암, 항고혈압, 항당뇨 및 항노화성 FCAs 및 안토시아닌 색소 함량이 높은 흑찰옥수수의 대량 보급과 더불어 고압가열처리(retort)에 의한 고품질의 흑찰옥수수 가공품 개발이 요구된다. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HADs) and anthocyanins in corn (Zea mays L.) have recently been reported to have anticarcinogenic, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-melanogenic activities. Five HADs and anthocyanins in corn were quantified by HPLC according to cultivars and heat processes. In addition, major anthocyanin of a black waxy corn was isolated and identified by several instrumental analysis, and its content was also quantified by HPLC according to heat processes. Of the ten corn cultivars, five waxy corn cultivars had moderate five HADs contents except “Baksa” waxy corn with higher two free cinnamic acids (FCAs), p-coumaric and ferulic acids. In contrast, three dent corn cultivars contained higher levels of three polyamine conjugates (PCs), CFP, DCP and DFP, and especially “P3394” had the highest amount of the three PCs. Two sweet corn cultivars had generally intermediate HADs levels between waxy and dent corn cultivars. Of the three colored-waxy corns, a black Mibaek waxy corn had the highest anthocyanin content. During heat processes, levels of two FCAs in the black waxy corn generally increased, whereas no significant change on three PCs contents was observed except the puffing process. Roasting, retort and puffing processes significantly increased two FCAs and especially, the puffed black waxy corn had the highest amount of FCAs. Meanwhile, most heat treatments except retort process, considerably decreased total anthocyanin contents, and especially the puffed black waxy corn had nearly no anthocyanin. Level of one major anthocyanin, pelargonidin 3-glucoside (P3G) isolated from a black waxy corn was appreciably decreased by heat treatments except retort process, which greatly increased P3G content. These results suggest that the retorted black waxy corn may be a promising high quality functional corn product.
Yu-Na Song,Hae-Geun Hong,Jong Seong Son,Yeon Ok Kwon,Hyun Ho Lee,Hyeon Ji Kim,Jeong Hwa Park,Myeong Jin Son,Jo-Gyo Oh,Mi-Hye Yoon 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.24 No.3
There has been very little reported on ginsenoside composition and antioxidant activity of hydroponic-cultured ginseng roots (HCR), leaves (HCL), and stems (HCS). We profiled 6 ginsenoside compounds in HCR, HCL, and HCS using high-performance liquid chromatography. Antioxidative activity of HCR, HCL, and HCS were evaluated using total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical-scavenging activity assays, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Total ginsenoside contents of HCL and HCS were significantly higher than that of HCR (P<0.05). Rb1 was detected in HCR (23.02 mg/g) but was detected at very low levels in HCL and HCS (2.07∼7.30 mg/g). Rg1 was the most abundant ingredient in HCL, followed by Rd; this was different than for HCR and HCS. The TPC and TFC ranged from 52.82∼155.31 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 194.71∼256.52 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively, of which HCL contained the highest levels. Moreover, HCL was the most effective in both DPPH and FRAP activities. In this study, we also evaluated the inhibitory effect of HCR, HCL, and HCS on the activities of mushroom tyrosinase through whitening activity test. The inhibitory effect of HCL on tyrosinase activity was higher than that of HCR and HCS. This study provides information about ginsenoside contents and the antioxidative activity of hydroponic-cultured ginseng, and suggests that the whole ginseng plant (including roots, leaves, and stems) may be a beneficial functional vegetables.
유선진 ( Yu Seon Jin ),정성진 ( Jeong Seong Jin ),김일 ( Kim Il ),박환철 ( Park Hwan Cheol ),윤여욱 ( Yun Yeo Ug ),이창화 ( Lee Chang Hwa ),강경원 ( Kang Gyeong Won ),강종명 ( Kang Jong Myeong ),박문향 ( Park Mun Hyang ) 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.6
The overall incidence of malignancy in a renal transplanted patient is 3 to 5 times higher compared with general population. We report a very rare case of multiple leiomyoma originated from lung after renal transplantation. 33-year-old male underwent renal transplantation in November, 1989. A 5 mm sized pulmonary nodule was found in the left lower lobe incidentally in March, 2001. The size of pulmonary nodule increased and same lesion was found on the opposite side of the lung on chest roentgenogram after one year, so we proceeded with computed tomography of the chest. Variable sized multiple nodules in the whole lung field were noted, which were thought be metastatic lesions, and for detection of the primary site of malignancy, further study including esophagogastroduodenoscope, colon study, abdominal ultrasound, abdominal CT, bone scan and tumor marker were checked, but there was no evidence of primary cancer. After open lung biopsy low malignant potential smooth muscle tumor was noted, and Epstein-barr virus (EBV) DNA was detected. The patient had been maintained on immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and after the diagnosis of leiomyoma administration of MMF was stoped, and cyclosporine dosage was reduced. With the reduction of immunosuppressants, intravenous immunoglobulin trial was done for the first cycle, but the efficacy of treatment is not clear. (Korean J Nephrol 2003;22(6):767-772)