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황인창,황준하,정문석 한국정보전략학회 2001 한국정보전략학회지 Vol.4 No.2
In the electronic commerce, most consumers will have the mind that they look for the information of products and services and estimate alternatives investigated and choose right product, which they're likely to purchase in common commercial market. But In the E-commerce, consumer can not see the real products. And consumers have to be waited for a long time of delivery and the increase of many crime and fraud through the software makes the Anti-trust of E-commerce with credit and security problem included the extraction of personal information related to the privacy policy. This study examines the causes of delaying purchase decision related to the perceived risks of product, risk reduction behavior and consumer characteristics in electronic commerces. First, in order to investigate the differences of the perceived risk between heavy purchase group and unpurchase group, the three kinds of the perceived risk were examined. Second, risk reduction behavior related to a specific financial risk, social risk, and psychological risk were surveyed to research different characteristics between product and service. Finally, the relation between three kinds of the perceived risk and risk reduction behavior was analyzed. A survey was conducted to collect data with the questionnaires. 136 questionnaires were used for the analysis The results of study show that ; A man who have ever visited E-commerce site and internet shopping mall reduced the perceived risk more than usuals. In many types of risk reduction behavior, pre-purchase deliberation is The most useful for risk reduction behavior, word-of-mouth, brand loyalty and so on.
전류 비유 모델에 의한 초등학생의 전류 개념 변화 분석
유병길,강인석,김병철,남만희,박선희,소하연,윤희정,이영아,이하룡,전병문,정승호 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2000 科學敎育硏究 Vol.25 No.-
There exists a major impediment to learning electricity which may illuminate why direct presentation of scientists' ideas is too aggressive a strategy. This impediment lies in thinking that electricity is used up and in envisaging the light bulb as a consumer. This view is based on a powerful idea which summarises much of our experience; it declares that 'things get used up', 'you cannot get something for nothing', and 'intuitive thinking'. To replace this view with scientific view, we made the analogy model. It is suggested that the analogy model is more effective in teaching electricity circuits than conventional teaching method.
Ha, Eun-Suk,Hwang, Soo-Hyun,Shin, Kwang-Soon,Yu, Kwang-Won,Lee, Keyong-Ho,Choi, Joo-Sun,Park, Woo-Mun,Yoon, Taek-Joon The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.2
Previously, we reported that water-extracted Acanthopanax senticasus exhibited anti-meta-static activity by stimulating the immune system. In this study, we fractionated glycoproteins (EN-SP) from the soluble protein layer (GF-AS) of A. senticasus and determined their basic chemical properties. We also investigated the anti-tumor and immunostimulating activities of the fractionated glycoprotein, EN-SP. We found that intravenous (i.v.) administration of GF-AS dramatically inhibited metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells to the lung in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro analysis showed GF-AS to enhance the proliferation of splenocytes. GF-AS also stimulated peritoneal macrophage, which was followed by the production of various cytokines such as IL-1$\beta$, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$. Furthermore, the production of these cytokines was partially blocked when peritoneal macrophage was cultured with the polyclonal antibodies against GF-AS. The depletion of NK cells by rabbit anti-asialo GM1 serum partly abolished the inhibitory effect of GF-AS on lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells. Using gel filtration, EN-SP, an active glycoprotein fraction, is isolated from GF-AS. While both GF-AS and EN-SP stimulated the proliferatation of splenocytes of normal mice, EN-SP showed higher anti-metastatic activity and more potently stimulated the proliferation of splenocytes compared to GF-AS. These results suggest the use of EN-SP, the fractionated glycoprotein from A. senticasus, can be used as a therapeutical reagent to prevent or inhibit tumor metastasis.
Case Report : Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver Initially Presenting with Pseudoachalasia
( Mun Ki Choi ),( Gwang Ha Kim ),( Geun Am Song ),( Hyung Seok Nam ),( Yang Seon Yi ),( Kang Hee Ahn ),( Suk Kim ),( Joo Yeun Kim ),( Do Youn Park ) The Editorial Office of Gut and Liver 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.2
Pseudoachalasia secondary to primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is extremely rare and has not been reported until now. Here, we report a unique case of primary SCC of the liver initially presenting with progressive dysphagia along with short periods of signifi cant weight loss. A 58-yearold man initially presented with progressive dysphagia along with significant weight loss over brief periods of time. The radiographic and manometric fi ndings were consistent with achalasia. Subsequent esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a moderately dilated esophagus without evidence of neoplasm or organic obstruction. However, firm resistance was encountered while traversing the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), although no mucosal lesion was identifi ed. Due to the clinical suspicion of the presence of a malignant tumor, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computed tomography scans of the chest and abdomen were obtained. A huge hepatic mass with irregular margins extending to the EGJ was found. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed, and the mass was diagnosed as a primary SCC of the liver by immunohistochemical staining. (Gut Liver 2012;6:275-279)
문성하,정경석 대한응급의학회 1994 대한응급의학회지 Vol.5 No.1
While trauma is well known as a major cause of death and disability in Korea, but trauma severity indices has not been routinely used in trauma center. The purpose of this study was to better characterize trauma in a urban trauma center and to evaluate quality of trauma care. We retrospectively studied 255 patients(mean age : 30.5 years, 200 male and 55 female) who had undergone abdominal operation for multiple trauma at the Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, from January 1,1988 through December 31, 1992. A comparison between survivors and nonsurvivors showed significant difference in injury se-verity score(ISS, 18.9 vs. 39.8), revised trauma score(RTS, 7.4vs. 4.7), TRISS Ps(probability of survival, 0.66 vs. 0.17), and abdominal trauma index(ATI, 13.8 vs. 32.3). The most common unjury mechanism was motor vehicle crash(MVC, n=123, 48.3%) followed by other blunt(n-70, 27.5%) and penetrating injuries(n=62, 24.3%), MVX patients had higher ISS(23.9 vs. 16.6 and 16.7), higher ATI(17.1 vs. 13.5 and 12.5), higher actual mortality rate(9.8% vs. 1.6% and 2.9%), lower RTS(6.9vs. 7.6 and 7.5), lower TRISS Ps(0.54 vs. 0.75 and 0.70), and more lengthy hospital stay(69.2 days vs. 33.5 days and 28.8 days) than did patients for either penetrating or other blunt injury mechanism. By TRISS methodology, unpredicted outcomes occurred in 56 of 255 patients(22%) with 1 unpredicted death and 55 unpredicted survivors. The sensitivity and specificity of TRISS Ps were 93% and 77%. Performance outcome using the TRISS methodology revealed Z score for nonsurvivors of-2.03, MVC injury of-2.42, other blunt injury of-1.42 and penetrating injury of -1.73 The results indicate that MVC patients were more severely injured than patients with other injury mechanisms and routine measurement of injury severity in patients with multiple trauma are essential for prediction of outcome and evaluation of trauma care.
Ha, Yun-Sok,Jang, Chang-Doo,Kim, Jong-Tae,Mun, Hyung-Suk Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2007 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.4
An analytical method to predict the post-weld deformation at the heat-affected zone (HAZ) is presented in this paper. The method was based on the assumption that the post-weld deformation is caused by external forces resulting from the inherent strain, which is defined as the irrecoverable strain after removing structural restraints and loadings. In general, the equivalent loading method can be used to analyze distortions in welding areas because it is efficient and effective. However, if additional loads are applied after welding, it is difficult to determine the final strain on a welded structure. To determine the final strain of a welded structure at the HAZ more accurately, we developed a modified equivalent loading method based on the inherent strain that incorporated hardening effects. The proposed method was applied to calculate the residual stress at the HAZ. Experiments were also conducted on welded plates to evaluate the validity of the proposed method.
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Liver Initially Presenting with Pseudoachalasia
Choi, Mun Ki,Kim, Gwang Ha,Song, Geun Am,Nam, Hyung Seok,Yi, Yang Seon,Ahn, Kang Hee,Kim, Suk,Kim, Joo Yeun,Park, Do Youn The Korean Society of Gastroenterology; the Korean 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.2
<P>Pseudoachalasia secondary to primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is extremely rare and has not been reported until now. Here, we report a unique case of primary SCC of the liver initially presenting with progressive dysphagia along with short periods of significant weight loss. A 58-year-old man initially presented with progressive dysphagia along with significant weight loss over brief periods of time. The radiographic and manometric findings were consistent with achalasia. Subsequent esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a moderately dilated esophagus without evidence of neoplasm or organic obstruction. However, firm resistance was encountered while traversing the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), although no mucosal lesion was identified. Due to the clinical suspicion of the presence of a malignant tumor, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computed tomography scans of the chest and abdomen were obtained. A huge hepatic mass with irregular margins extending to the EGJ was found. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration was performed, and the mass was diagnosed as a primary SCC of the liver by immunohistochemical staining.</P>