총경동맥 폐쇄시간에 따르는 국소 뇌혈류 변화 : 실험적 연구 An Experimental Cat Model

강준기,성태경,조병일,백민우,김문찬,허춘웅,하영수,송진언 대한신경외과학회 1983 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.12 No.3

The microvasculature of the brain is also quite susceptible to ischemic insult, and substantial portions of the brain are not reperfused after restoration of the blood supply following overtime of critical ischemic periods. The purpose of this series of experiments was to determine the effects of ischemia on subsequential regional cerebral blood flow measurements and cortical electric activities following reperfusion after ischemia and also to define the proper time of vascular occlusion without irreversible neural damage. Cerebral ischemia was induced in cat by bilateral common carotid occlusions for periods of 10, 30, to 60 minutes, and the blood supply was reperfused for 3 hours after clamp-off. Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) was measured by hydrogen clearance technique following ischemia, restoration of blood supply and electroencephalogram recovery could be predicted according to the rCBF. Forty adult cats weighing 2.7 to 4.0㎏ were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 10 cats each : normal control, 10 min-clamped, 30 min-clamped, and 60 min-clamped groups. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The mean rCBF was 24.6±7.0㎖/100g/min in control group. 2) Bilateral carotid occlusions resulted in a reduction of the rCBF(12.4±4.1㎖/100g/min) to 50% of control flow on both hemispheres. 3) Sequential changes of the rCBF after reperfusion : (1) There was restored the rCBF(21.3±5.1㎖/100g/min) to control flow in the 10 minutes-clamped group. (2) There was a 85% recovery of control flow in the 30 minutes-clamped group. (3) There was a only 25% recovery of control flow in the 60 minutes-clamped group. 4) A close correlation was found between cortical electrical activity and rCBF suggesting a threshold relationship. (1) The changes of cortical electric activity began to notice at rCBF less than 17.4±4.7㎖/100g/min. (2) The recovery of cortical electric activity noted at rCBF more than 10.2±2.3㎖/100g/min. 5) There was no evidence of ischemic involvement at the cortex, white matter and basal ganglia in the 10 minutes clamped group, but demonstrated a dense wedge shaped infarct at the cortex and uncus herniation in the 60 minutes clamped group. The rCBF and cortical electric activity restored to normal values in reperfusion within 10 minutes after occlusion of both common carotid arteries.

디지털 음악 및 아날로그 음악이 악력에 미치는 영향 평가

최민지 ( Min Ji Choi ),홍지혜 ( Ji Hye Hong ),송영웅 ( Young Woong Song ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2011 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.9 No.1

This study evaluated the effect of the music type (analog and digital) on the grip strength. Five male and five female healthy college students participated in the experiment. The independent variables were music type (analog, digital, no music) and listening time (5 min., 10 min., and 15 min.). The classic LP disc was used as the analog music and the LP was converted to mp3 to make the digital music source. Grip forces were measured every 5 minutes until 15 minutes using Jamar strain guqge. Mean forces and peak forces were used as dependent variables. The analysis of variance showed that there was no difference between analog and digital music (p>0.05). Only, the gender effect was statistically significant (p<0.05). These results should be verified using different types of music (not only classical music) or preferred music, during different listening time duration (>15 minutes).

Unexpected pulmonary edema and cardiac arrest following wedge resection of spontaneous pneumothorax -A case report-

Han Woong,Kim Gyu Seong,Lee Jong Min,Lim Chang Mook,Yang Hong Seuk,Jeong Chang Yeong,박동호 대한마취통증의학회 2022 Anesthesia and pain medicine Vol.17 No.3

BackgroundReexpansion pulmonary edema is a rare but potentially lethal complication. We report a case of suspected reexpansion pulmonary edema that led to cardiac arrest.CaseA 16-year-old male patient underwent wedge resection due to right pneumothorax. The patient showed pink frothy sputum three hours following surgery, and a chest x-ray showed right unilateral pulmonary edema. Thirteen hours following surgery, the patient continuously showed pink frothy sputum and presented with severe hypoxemia, tachypnea, and tachycardia. After transferring to the intensive care unit (ICU), he developed ventricular tachycardia. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 32 min. Chest X-ray showed diffuse bilateral pulmonary edema. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed. During the 65 days of ICU care, the patient became mentally alert. However, follow-up echocardiography revealed severe heart failure.ConclusionsRexpansion pulmonary edema can rapidly progress to diffuse bilateral pulmonary edema. Therefore, careful observation is required for the patients who show signs of pulmonary edema after reexpansion.

조형등대와 건축적 표상에 관한 연구 : 통영 문학기념 조형등대의 디자인 기술을 중심으로

안웅희(Ahn Woong-Hee),송민성(Song Min-Sung),고신채(Ko Sin-Chai),한창수(Han Chang-Soo) 한국항해항만학회 2007 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1 No.춘계

등대는 전통적인 기능과 역할에 충실한 항로표지일 뿐만 아니라 사람들의 향수와 해양문화의 기억들이 묻어있는 공간이다. 최근에는 적절한 해양문화공간으로 개발함으로써 해양문화에 대한 인식을 높이고, 지역관광에 공헌을 하고 있는 추세이다. 특히, 해양수산부는 2006년 "희망의 빛 조형등대 설치계획"을 통하여 마산지방해양수산청 소속의 통영시 도남항 동방파제 등대를 건설하였다. 지역과 문화적 특색을 살릴 수 있는 기념등대로 개발하고자 하였으며, 이에 따라 통영의 훌륭한 문화적 성과를 기념대상으로 지정하였다. 이에 현상공모를 통해 한국해양대학교의 안웅희 교수의 작품이 당선되었다. 본 연구는 기존의 등대의 형태에서 벗어난 추상적이면서 기하학적인 형상을 통해 통영 일대의 문화적, 관광적 요소에 미치는 영향을 살펴봄으로써, 향후 등대건축의 방향성을 제시하고, 다양하게 검토되어야 할 논제들을 밝히는 것에 그 목적이 있다. The Lighthouse is not only functioning as a traditional aids to navigate for the vessel, but also space that has memory about marine culture and man's nostalgia. Recently, it contributes to regional tourism and makes a new meaning about marine culture through the development of lighthouse to a proper space of ocean culture. Especially, MOMAF has constructed the sculpture lighthouse in Tongyeong as "the light of hope-sculptural lighthouse project". They hoped to develop the memorial lighthouse that represents characteristic of the region and culture and it became a symbol of the great culture in Tongyeong. Through the competition, prof. Ahn Woong-Hee's design won the project, and constructed. For this situation, we intended to reveal in this study that all the issues which relate to the design for lighthouse in the future through the abstract, geometrical form of lighthouse that deviated the traditional design.

태권도 돌려차기 시 기술 수준에 따른 몸통, 골반, 지지 다리의 운동학적 변인 비교

김재웅 ( Kim Jae-woong ),한기훈 ( Han Ki-hoon ),김제민 ( Kim Je-min ),이상우 ( Lee Sang-woo ),권문석 ( Kwon Moon-seok ),터틀노엘 ( Noelle J. Tuttle ) 국기원 2018 국기원태권도연구 Vol.9 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 태권도 돌려차기 시 기술 수준에 따른 몸통, 골반, 지지 다리의 운동학적 변인을 비교 분석하는 데 있다. 본 연구를 위해 블랙 벨트 소지자로서 기술 수준에 따라 중급자10명, 상급자 9명이 실험에 참여하였다. 3차원 동작 분석 시스템을 사용하여 골반, 몸통, 지지다리의 방향각을 산출하였다. Start, Toeoff, MKF, Max, Impact, Min에서 그룹 간의 평균 방향각을 비교하기 위하여 독립표본 t-검정을 하였다. MKF, Impact, Min에서 골반의 좌측 기울어짐 각도가 그룹 간의 유의한 차이가 나타났다. Start와 Max에서 지지 다리의 엉덩관절 굴곡 각도와 MKF에서 지지 다리의 엉덩관절 외전 각도 사이에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때, 상급자들은 푸쉬단계에서 엉덩관절의 굴곡 각도가 증가 되었고, MKF에서는 외전 각도가 감소하였다. 또한, 스트라이크 단계에서 골반의 좌측 기울어짐 각도는 감소하였다. The study purpose was to investigate skill level differences on trunk, pelvis, and supporting leg kinematics in a Taekwondo roundhouse kick. 10 intermediate and nine expert male black-belt holders executed roundhouse kicks at a target. Orientation angles of the pelvis, trunk, and supporting -thigh, -shank, and -foot were obtained through a three-dimensional video motion analysis. Orientation angles at Start, Toeoff, Maximum Knee Flexion(MKF), Impact, Maximum angle(Max), and Minimum angle(Min) were compared between groups using independent t-tests(p<.05). Significant differences between groups were found in the pelvis left lateral tilted position at MKF, Impact, and Min; significant differences were also found in the supporting hip joint flexed position at Start and Max, and abducted position at MKF. It was concluded that higher performers increased the hip joint flexion angle in the Push phase, decreased abduction angle at MKF, and decreased the pelvis left tilted angle in the Strike phase.

The Effect of pH and Various Cations on the GTP Hydrolysis of Rice Heterotrimeric G-protein α Subunit Expressed in Escherichia Coli

Seo, Hak-Soo,Jeong, Jin-Yong,Nahm, Min-Yeop,Kim, Sam-Woong,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Bahk, Jeong-Dong Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2003 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.36 No.2

Previously, we reported the biochemical properties of RGA1 that is expressed in Escherichia coli (Seo et al., 1997). The activities of RGA1 that hydrolyzes and binds guanine nucleotide were dependent on the $MgCl_2$ concentration. The steady state rate constant ($k_{cat}$) for GTP hydrolysis of RGA1 at 2 mM $MgCl_2$ was $0.0075{\pm}0.0001\;min^{-1}$. Here, we examined the effects of pH and cations on the GTPase activity. The optimum pH at 2 mM $MgCl_2$ was approximately 6.0; whereas, the pH at 2 mM $NH_4Cl$ was approximately 4.0. The result from the cation dependence on the GTPase (guanosine 5'-triphosphatase) activity of RGA1 under the same condition showed that the GTP hydrolysis rate ($k_{cat}=0.0353\;min^{-1}$) under the condition of 2mM $NH_4Cl$ at pH 4.0 was the highest. It corresponded to about 3.24-fold of the $k_{cat}$ value of $0.0109\;min^{-1}$ in the presence of 2 mM $MgCl_2$ at pH 6.0.

정상상피세포(HaCat)와 자궁경부 암세포(SiHa)에서 GeneFishing^(TM) PCR technique을 이용한 유전자 발현의 변화

김병훈,배수미,서민제,김용완,이정웅,김용욱,이준모,남궁성은,김종국,안웅식 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2003 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.14 No.4

목적 : 본 실험의 목적은 정상상피 세포와 자궁경부 암세포 사이에서 유전자의 발현 차이를 조사하였다. 연구 방법 : 정상상피 세포(HaCat)와 자궁암 세포(SiHa)를 사용하였으며, 두 세포 간에 유전자 발현 차이를 GeneFish^(TM) PCR을 이용하여 알아보았으며, BLAST serach를 통해 분석하였다. 결과 : 정상상피 세포와 자궁암 세포 비교 결과, 자궁암 세포에서 S1-2-2와 S5-1을 포함한 25개의 유전자가 발현이 증가하였고, 24개의 유전자가 감소하였다. 결론 : GeneFishing^(TM) PCR기법은 유전자의 발현 변화를 확인하는데 있어서 아주 민감하고 효과적인 방법이다. 우리는 정상상피 세포와 자궁경부 암세포에서 다르게 발현하는 유전자를 찾을 수 있었고, 앞으로는, 종양의 발생과 진행과정에 관여하는 유전자를 더 탐지하고 해당 유전자의 기능을 연구할 필요가 있다고 생각된다. Objective : The purpose of this study is investigated the differentially expressed genes between normal and cervical cancer cell line. Methods : We used normal human keratinocyte (HaCaT) as a control and HPV-16 positive cervical cancer (SiHa) cell line. Two cell lines were studied differential expressed genes by using GeneFishing^(TM) PCR and analyzed with BLAST search. Results : As compared with normal, cervical cancer cell line was showed 25 up-regulated genes including the S1-2-2, S5-1 and 24 down-regulated genes. Conclusion : GeneFish^(TM) PCR test is very sensitive and effective method for detection of changed gene expression. We could search differentially expressed genes between normal and cervical cancer cell line. In the future, we need to research various genes function to participate in the process of tumor development and progression.

The Effect of pH and Various Cations on the GTP Hydrolysis of Rice Heterotrimeric G-protein α Subunit Expressed in Escherichia Coli

( Hak Soo Seo ),( Jin Yong Jeong ),( Min Yeop Nahm ),( Sam Woong Kim ),( Sang Yeol Lee ),( Jeong Dong Bahk ) 생화학분자생물학회 2003 BMB Reports Vol.36 No.2

Previously, we reported the biochemical properties of RGAl that is expressed in Escherichia coli(Seo et al., 1997). The activities of RGAl that hydrolyzes and binds guanine nucleotide were dependent on the MgCl_(2) concentration. The steady state rate constant (k_(cat)) for GTP hydrolysis of RGAl at 2 mM MgCl_(2) was 0.0075±0.0001 min^(-1). Here, we examined the effects of pH and cations on the GTPase activity. The optimum pH at 2mM MgCl_(2) was approximately 6.0; whereas, the pH at 2 mM NH_(4)Cl was approximately 4.0. The result from the cation dependence on the GTPase (guanosine 5`-triphosphatase) activity of RGAl under the same condition showed that the GTP hydrolysis rate (k_(cat)=0.0353 min^(-1)) under the condition of 2mM NH_(4)Cl at pH 4.0 was the highest. It corresponded to about 3.24-fold of the k_(cat) value of 0.0109 min^(-1) in the presence of 2mM MgCl_(2) at pH 6.0.

Fentanyl과 Lidocaine이 기관내삽관에 의한 혈역학적 변동에 미치는 영향

김원홍,정성수,임웅모,정선민 대한마취과학회 1990 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.23 No.3

Tracheal intubation is accompanied by varying degrees of sympathetic stimulation as reflected by increases in heart rate and blood pressure. Several clinical trials to reduce the effects on blood pressure and heart rate by pharmacologic agents such as α and β blockers, calcium channel blockers, narcotics and lidocaine, have been reported. To evaluate the effect of fentanyl and lidocaine on the hemodynamic changes induced by intubation, we administered thiopental 5 mg/kg only (group 1), fentanyl 3 ug/kg with thiopental 4 mg/kg (group 2) or fentanyl 3 ug/kg-lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg with thiopental 4 mg/kg (group 3) for induction of anesthesia, and measured heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure and rate- pressure products before induction, after induction and at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 minutes after intubation. 1) In group 1, intubation caused a significant increase in heart rate (27%), blood pressure (31%) and RPP (64%) at 1 min after intubation, but each paramenter returned to the normal levewithin 7 min. 2) In group 2, increases in heart rate, blood pressure and RPP with intubation were attenuated by fentanyl. 3) In group 3, the increase in heart rate induced by intubation was abolished by fentanyl-lidocaine, and the pressor effect was more attenuated compared to group 2. These results suggested that a low dose of fentanyl-lidocaine significantly blunts postintubation hypertension and tachycardia when used as an adjunt to thiopental.

온풍 조건에서 수분 탈락 정도에 따른 피부 분류 및 개선 방안에 대한 연구

권오선 ( Oh Sun Kwon ),강현종 ( Hyun Jong Kang ),한승민 ( Seung Min Han ),윤지선 ( Ji S Eon Yoon ),조웅희 ( Woong Hee Cho ),오주영 ( Joo Young Oh ),임준만 ( Jun Man Lim ),송영숙 ( Young Sook Song ),박선규 ( Sun Gyoo Park ) 대한화장품학회 2020 대한화장품학회지 Vol.46 No.2

피부를 탄력있고 부드럽게 하는 역할은 각질층에 존재하는 수분량에 의해 좌우된다. 피부 수분량은 냉온풍, 건조환경 등 다양한 환경 변화에 의해 영향을 받음이 알려져 있으나, 개인 피부 차이에 따른 피부수분량 변화와 회복 정도에 대해서는 많은 연구가 이루어 지지 않은 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 온풍 조건하에서 피시험자들의 피부 수분 탈락 및 회복 정도를 비교 평가하여 새로운 피부 타입을 제시하고, 온풍 조건에서 저하되는 피부 수분량을 개선 시켜주는 효능 물질을 개발하고자 하였다. 온풍 환경 조성을 위해, 건강한 피험자(남: 10 명, 여: 39 명, 25 세 - 63 세)의 전완부에 온풍(30 cm, 40 ℃, 6 m/s)을 30 min 간 피부에 노출시켜, 피부 수분량의 변화를 평가하였다. 26명(남: 4 명, 여: 22 명, 평균 연령: 42.7 ± 9.4)이 온풍 노출전에 비하여 온풍 노출 후 수분량이 유의하게 감소하며, 노출 후 30 min이 지나도 회복이 되지 않았다. 온풍노출 후 수분량이 떨어지는 피험자(여: 10 명)를 대상으로 보수력이 높은 크림을 3 주간 전완부에 적용한 이후 동일 온풍 조건하에서 피부 수분량을 측정한 결과, 노출 30 min 후 피부 수분량이 온풍 노출 전 수준으로 회복됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 피부는 건조 조건에서 쉽게 수분을 잃어버리는 피부(탈수형 피부)가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 앞으로 화장품 개발을 보습 기능뿐만 아니라, 이러한 환경변화에 따른 피부수분이 쉽게 빠져나가는 피부(탈수형 피부)의 특성에 맞는 제품의 효능 개발이 필요함을 보여준다. Elasticity and softness of the skin depend on the level of moisture present in the stratum corneum, which is known to be affected by various environmental changes, such as cold and hot winds and dry environments. However, not many studies have been conducted on changes in skin moisture and the degree of recovery due to individual skin differences. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of warm air heating on skin hydration levels and develop moisturizing formulas to improve lowered skin hydration levels. In order to deliver warm air heating condition, heating dryer (40 ℃, 6 m/s, 30 cm apart from forearm) was applied into inner forearm of healthy subjects (male: 10, female: 39, age: 25 - 63) Among 49 subjects, 26 subjects showed significantly lowered skin hydration levels until 30 min after warm air heating exposure (lowered group). In addition, moisturizing cream with high water holding capacity was applied to forearm of 10 subjects in lowered group for 3 weeks and skin hydration levels after warm air heating were significantly improved at the levels of before application of warm air heating. From this study, we found out that there is a skin type that skin hydration levels are significantly decreased under warm air heating condition (dehydrated skin) and this dehydrated skin can be improved by moisturizing formulas with high water holding capacity.