Effects of alkali-borosilicate glass additions on the microstructure and dielectric properties of Ba0.88(Nd1.40Bi0.42La0.30)Ti₄O12

Chang-Lun Liao,Kuan-Hong Lin,Shun-Tian Lin 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.6

The microstructures and dielectric properties of Ba0.88(Nd1.40Bi0.42La0.30)Ti4O12/ alkali-borosilicate glass composites were investigated in this study, with the volume percentage of the glass phase in the composite being either 50, 55, or 60 vol.%. Sintered density measurements indicated that the density increased with an increase in the sintering temperature for the composites with 50 and 55 vol.% glass additions, but, at a sintering temperature higher than 800 oC, the density decreased for the composite with a 60 vol.% glass addition. XRD patterns revealed that the peak of the highest intensity in the B(NBL)T crystal belongs to the (401) crystal plane, while that in the B(NBL)T/glass composites to the (320) crystal plane. Along with the change in crystalline preferred orientation, the lattice constants of the crystal also changed. SEM micrographs indicated that the B(NBL)T phase developed into columnar grains at sintering temperatures higher than 1260 oC. Moreover, when glass was added, the grain morphology changed, especially at sintering temperatures higher than 850 oC. When sintered at 950 oC for 2 hours, the composite with 55 vol.% glass yielded the highest dielectric constant (εr= 23.2), the lowest dielectric loss (tanδ = 4.1 × 10-3), and a high Q×f value (Q × f = 1,620 GHz, Q = 1/tanδ, f = 6.67 GHz). The microstructures and dielectric properties of Ba0.88(Nd1.40Bi0.42La0.30)Ti4O12/ alkali-borosilicate glass composites were investigated in this study, with the volume percentage of the glass phase in the composite being either 50, 55, or 60 vol.%. Sintered density measurements indicated that the density increased with an increase in the sintering temperature for the composites with 50 and 55 vol.% glass additions, but, at a sintering temperature higher than 800 oC, the density decreased for the composite with a 60 vol.% glass addition. XRD patterns revealed that the peak of the highest intensity in the B(NBL)T crystal belongs to the (401) crystal plane, while that in the B(NBL)T/glass composites to the (320) crystal plane. Along with the change in crystalline preferred orientation, the lattice constants of the crystal also changed. SEM micrographs indicated that the B(NBL)T phase developed into columnar grains at sintering temperatures higher than 1260 oC. Moreover, when glass was added, the grain morphology changed, especially at sintering temperatures higher than 850 oC. When sintered at 950 oC for 2 hours, the composite with 55 vol.% glass yielded the highest dielectric constant (εr= 23.2), the lowest dielectric loss (tanδ = 4.1 × 10-3), and a high Q×f value (Q × f = 1,620 GHz, Q = 1/tanδ, f = 6.67 GHz).

Abundance and host-seeking activity of the biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

Chang-Liang Shih,Quei-Min Liao,Ya-Yuan Wang,Wu-Chun Tu 한국응용곤충학회 2019 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.22 No.4

The abundance and host-seeking activity of the biting midge, Forcipomyia taiwana (Shiraki), were measured in Central Taiwan at 418 locations with low, medium, and high densities using a human-bait method. Abundance estimates at 10 min after sampling commenced were comparable to longer sampling periods of 20 min, allowing a shorter 10 min sampling period to be used throughout. Host-seeking F. taiwana females were only active during daylight and biting activity did not occur after sunset. The diurnal activity of host-seeking females changed seasonally, beginning at around 07:00–08:00 during the spring equinox, summer solstice, and autumnal equinox, whereas activity began an hour later in winter. Most females were collected during 10:00–16:00, with a peak abundance during 13:00–15:00. Blood-sucking activity of female F. taiwana were positively correlated with ambient temperature with a minimum threshold of 18 °C. When different years, seasons, trapping times, environmental factors, and female adults trapped were analyzed using multiple regression model, the results showed that all these factors contributed to the regression model and the determination coefficient (R 2 ) of this multiple regression model was 0.81.

The Effect of Technical Innovation on Producer Services Industry Development in China: Evidence from Fujian Province*

Chang Sheng LIAO 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.3

The effect of technological innovation on the high-quality development of the producer services industry depends on whether or not technical innovation efficiency plays a key role. This study looks at the impact of technological innovation and financial technology (fintech) on the development of high-quality producer services in Fujian Province from 2010 to 2019. The efficiency of technological innovation is measured using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Malmquist productivity index. The mean overall innovation efficiency score is 0.639, meaning that Fujian accounts for 36.1% of resource utilization inefficiencies and that there are significant differences in technological innovation efficiency between cities. The findings show that high-quality producer services industries benefited from innovation efficiency, but that the influence of technological innovation efficiency is insignificant. This demonstrates that financial innovation has not been able to completely enhance the development level of the producer services industry. This may be due to the unreasonable output structure of technological innovation and the low industrial transformation rate of technological achievements. This study advocates that the R&D fund allocation structure be optimized. That technological innovation can improve the high-quality development of the producer services industry is a consensus within the academic community.

Energy and force transition between atoms and continuum in quasicontinuum method

Chang, Shu-Wei,Liao, Ying-Pao,Huang, Chang-Wei,Chen, Chuin-Shan Techno-Press 2014 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.7 No.1

We present a full energy and force formulation of the quasicontinuum method with non-local and local transition elements. Non-local transition elements are developed to transmit inhomogeneity from the atomistic to the continuum regions. Local transition elements are developed to resolve the mathematical mismatch between non-local atoms and the local continuum. The rationale behind these transition elements is provided by analyzing the energy and force transitions between atoms and continuum under the Cauchy-Born rule. We show that breakdown of the Cauchy-Born rule occurs for slaved atoms of local elements within the cutoff of non-local atoms. The inadequacy of the Cauchy-Born rule at the transition region naturally leads to the need of atomistic treatment of transition slaved and transition representative atoms. Such an atomistic treatment together with a full or cutoff sampling allows non-local transition elements containing these transition entities to transmit inhomogeneity. Different force formulations for transition representative atoms and pure local representative atoms allow the local transition elements to resolve non-local and local mismatches. The method presented herein is validated by force calculations in an unstressed perfect crystal as well as an unrelaxed grain boundary model. A nanoindentation simulation in 3D is conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

D-Galactose Induces a Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency in Mouse Skeletal Muscle: Potential Benefits of Nutrient Combination in Ameliorating Muscle Impairment

Liao Chang,Xin Liu,Jing Liu,Hua Li,Yanshen Yang,Jia Liu,Zihao Guo,Ke Xiao,Chen Zhang,Jiankang Liu,Xi Zhao-Wilson,Jiangang Long 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.3

Accumulating research has shown that chronic D-galactose (D-gal) exposure induces symptoms similar to natural aging in animals. Therefore, rodents chronically exposed to D-gal are increasingly used as a model for aging and delay-of-aging pharmacological research. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to play a vital role in aging and age-related diseases; however, whether mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in mice exposed to D-gal remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated cognitive dysfunction, locomotor activity, and mitochondrial dysfunction involved in D-gal exposure in mice. We found that D-gal exposure (125 mg/kg/day, 8 weeks) resulted in a serious impairment in grip strength in mice, whereas spatial memory and locomotor coordination remained intact. Interestingly, muscular mitochondrial complex I deficiency occurred in the skeletal muscle of mice exposed to D-gal. Mitochondrial ultrastructure abnormality was implicated as a contributing factor in D-gal-induced muscular impairment. Moreover, three combinations (A, B, and C) of nutrients applied in this study effectively reversed D-gal-induced muscular impairment. Nutrient formulas B and C were especially effective in reversing complex I dysfunction in both skeletal muscle and heart muscle. These findings suggest the following: (1) chronic exposure to D-gal first results in specific muscular impairment in mice, rather than causing general, premature aging; (2) poor skeletal muscle strength induced by D-gal might be due to the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by complex I deficiency; and (3) the nutrient complexes applied in the study attenuated the skeletal muscle impairment, most likely by improving mitochondrial function.

Evaluation and Comparison of Bank Efficiency in Cross-Strait after ECFA

LIAO, Chang Sheng Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.10

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the ECFA impacted the efficiency of banks in China and Taiwan from 2008 to 2017. This study follows Seiford and Zhu (2002), who recommend using the standard data envelopment analysis model to measure performance by increasing the desirable outputs and decreasing the undesirables. The finding was that overall technical efficiency increased from 2012 to 2017, reaching 0.575, 0.652, 0617, 0.689, 0.701 and 0.74, respectively. This result implies bank efficiency did indeed improve after China and Taiwan signed the ECFA cooperation agreement. The study found that the mean technical efficiency was 0.8756 in China, greater than Taiwan's mean of 0.3511, implying that Chinese banks experienced a greater increase in efficiency after signing the EFCA. One possible reason explored in this study is that China's economy is currently growing at the highest rate in the world, and the banks' efficiency has benefited from greater economic growth. This suggests that cross-strait sustained negotiations to consummate an agreement on trade in the services will be a very important mission in the future. This result also provides significant evidence suggesting that not accounting for undesirable output while estimating the evolution of the model may seriously distort efficiency results.

THE VIBRATION AND SOUND RADIATION FROM A FINITE CYLINDRICAL SHELL WITH AXIAL STIFFENERS IN WATER

Chang-jiang Liao,Wei-kang Jiang,Hao Duan,Yun Wang 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.7

Poster Session:PS 0001 ; Allergy : Postoperative Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Asthma: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

( Chien Chang Liao ),( Chao Shun Lin ),( Ta Liang Chen ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Limited information was available regarding the postoperative adverse outcomes among surgical patients with asthma in population-based study. The purpose of this study is to investigate postoperative major complications and mortality in surgical patients with asthma. Methods: Using reimbursement claims from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identifi ed 24,109 surgical patients with preoperative asthma and 24,109 non-asthma patients undergoing major surgeries using matching procedure with propensity score by sociodemographics, coexisting medical conditions and surgical characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confi dence intervals (CIs) of 30-day postoperative complications and mortality associated with asthma were analyzed in the multivariate logistic regressions. Results: Predisposing asthma increased postoperative pneumonia (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.34-1.64), septicemia (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21), and urinary tract infection (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26). Preoperative emergency care for asthma was signifi cantly associated with postoperative 30-day in-hospital mortality, with an OR of 1.84 (95% CI, 1.11-3.04). Preoperative emergency service, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and systemic use of corticosteroids for asthma were also associated with higher postoperative complication rates for asthmatic patients. Admission to intensive care unit for caring asthma preoperatively was associated with postoperative pneumonia (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.37-1.97), septicemia (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.50-2.05), urinary tract infection (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.60-2.15) and mortality (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.35- 2.62). Conclusions: Postoperative complications and 30-day mortality rates were significantly increased in asthmatic patients undergoing major surgeries. We suggest special attention and urgency revising the protocol of perioperative care for this specifi c population.

The Korean Society of Gastroenterology & SIDDS 2037 : Slide Session ; S-LI-02 : Liver ; Postoperative Adverse Outcomes after Non-Hepatic Surgery in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Nationwide Cohort Study

( Chien Chang Liao ),( Ta Liang Chen ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Postoperative adverse outcomes in patients with liver cirrhosis are not completely understood. This study evaluated the association between liver cirrhosisand adverse outcomes after non-hepatic surgery. Methods: Reimbursement claims were used to identify patients with preoperative liver cirrhosis who underwent non-hepatic surgery from 2004 to 2007. Control patients without cirrhosis were matched by age, sex, type of surgery and anaesthesia. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confi dence intervals (CI) of postoperative adverse events associated with liver cirrhosis were analysed by multivariable logistic regression. Results: Thirty-day mortality rates among 24282 patients with cirrhosis and 97128 control patients were 1.2% (299 deaths) and 0.7% (635 deaths), respectively. Liver cirrhosis was associated with postoperative 30-day mortality (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.63- 2.16), acute renal failure (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.34-1.74), septicaemia (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.33-1.51) and intensive care unit admission (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.33-1.45). Postoperative mortality increased in patients who had liver cirrhosis with viral hepatitis (OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.55-5.30), alcohol dependence syndrome (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.64-5.31), jaundice (OR 5.47, 95% CI 3.77-7.93), ascites (OR 5.85, 95% CI 4.62-7.41), gastrointestinal haemorrhage (OR 3.01, 95% CI 2.33-3.90) and hepatic coma (OR 5.11, 95% CI 3.79-6.87). Conclusions: Patients with liver cirrhosis had increased mortality and complications after non-hepatic surgery, particularly those with cirrhosis-related clinical indicators.

Poster Session : PS 0435 ; Infectious Disease ; Adverse Outcomes after Major Surgery in HIV-Infected Patients: A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study

( Chien Chang Liao ),( Ta Liang Chen ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Patients with infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were known to have a higher risk of complications during hospitalization. However, the association between HIV-infection and postoperative adverse events were not completely understood. Methods: We conducted a population-based study in 2566 HIV-infected patients and 10,264 non-HIV controls receiving major surgery from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database in 2004 and 2010. Propensity-score methods were used to construct a matched-pairs cohort that reduced important baseline differences between patients who with and without HIV infection. Adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confi dence intervals (CIs) of major postoperative complications and 30-day mortality were evaluated among HIV-infected patients with different severity in the multivariable logistic regressions. Results: After the adjustment, HIV-infected patients had higher risks of postoperative pneumonia (RR 1.66; 95% CI 1.25-2.20), septicemia (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.62), acute renal failure (RR 2.15; 95% CI 1.27-3.66), surgical site infection (RR 1.59; 95% CI 1.38-1.82) and overall complications (RR 1.46; 95% CI 1.31-1.61). Compared with surgical patients without HIV infection, HIV-infected patients had increased 30-day postoperative mortality (RR 2.71; 95% CI 1.82-4.05), particularly in those with viral hepatitis (RR 4.14; 95% CI 2.23-7.70), pulmonary tuberculosis (RR 11.1; 95% CI 3.39- 36.4), diabetes (RR 6.20; 95% CI 2.11-18.2), preoperative HIV-related hospitalization (RR 3.70; 95% CI 2.38-5.74), opportunistic infection (RR 6.31; 95% CI 3.50-11.4) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (RR 4.14; 95% CI 2.34-7.33). Conclusions: HIV-infected patients showed signifi cantly higher postoperative adverse outcome rates with risk of 30-day mortality nearly fi vefold when compared with patients without HIV infection. Our fi ndings suggest the urgency revising the protocol of postoperative care for this specifi c population.