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Kim, Youn Jung,Cha, Sung Ho,Lee, Ho Yun,Lee, Sun Kyu,Chung, Hee Yong,Yeo, Joon Hyung,Kim, Young Il,Yeo, Seung Geun Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec 2014 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.7 No.1
<P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>To assess innate and humoral immune responses in middle ear effusion of obese pediatric patients with otitis media with effusion (OME).</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We evaluated 219 children with OME, of whom 21 were obese and 198 were non-obese. We compared the expression in middle ear effusion of mRNAs encoding toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, 5, and 9; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NOD) 1 and 2; retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I; interleukins (IL)-6, -10, and -12; interferon (IFN)-γ; and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNAs. We also compared the expression of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM and the bacterial detection rate in the two groups.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>TLR2-mediated expression of IL-6 mRNA, TLR4-mediated expression of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA, TLR5-mediated expression of IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α mRNA, TLR9-mediated expression of IL-6 mRNA, and NOD2-mediated expression of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α mRNA were significantly lower in obese than in non-obese children (<I>P</I><0.05). However, concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM in middle ear effusion were lower in obese than in non-obese children, but none of these differences was significant (<I>P</I>>0.05).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Mean body mass index was higher and pattern-recognition receptor-mediated cytokine mRNA expression was lower in obese than in non-obese children with OME.</P>
폐포 대식세포 및 단핵구가 Interleukin-2 Enhanced Natural Killer 및 LAK Activity에 미치는 영향
조철호 ( Jo Cheol Ho ),김병일 ( Kim Byeong Il ),김세규 ( Kim Se Gyu ),천선희 ( Cheon Seon Hui ),김형중 ( Kim Hyeong Jung ),장준 ( Jang Jun ),안철민 ( An Cheol Min ),김성규 ( Kim Seong Gyu ),이원영 ( Lee Won Yeong ),윤정구 ( Yun J 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.5
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are thought to function as primary effector cells against tumors growing in the lung. Systemic administration of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and IL-2 resulted in partial antitumor response in patients with advanced cancer. LAK activity is influenced by various factors. We studied the effects of AM and blood monocytes from healthy donors on IL-2 enhanced NK activity against K-562 cells and LAK activity against Raji cells utilizing a 4h ^(51)Cr release assay. The following results were obtained: 1) The addition of different doses of human blood monocytes showed no suppression or enhancement of IL-2 enhanced NK and LAK activity. 2) The addition of high dose of AM (Lymphocyte: AM=1:1) significantly suppressed IL-2 enhanced NK activity. Smaller doses of AM (Lymphocyte: AM= 10:1and 100:1) did not suppress IL-2 enhanced NK activity. 3) The addition of high dose of AM (Lymphocyte: AM = 1:1 and 10:1) significantly suppressed LAK activity. The smallest dose of AM (Lymphocyte: AM= 100:1) did not suppress LAK activity. In conclusion, IL-2 enhanced NK and LAK activity were dose-dependently suppressed by human alveolar macrophages. However IL-2 enhanced NK and LAK activity were not suppressed by blood monocytes.
Lee, Dong-Keun,Jeon, Soyeon,Han, Youngju,Kim, Sung-Hyun,Lee, Seonghan,Yu, Il Je,Song, Kyung Seuk,Kang, Aeyeon,Yun, Wan Soo,Kang, Sung-Min,Huh, Yun Suk,Cho, Wan-Seob American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.11
<P>The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the physicochemical parameters associated with the pathogenicity of high-aspect-ratio nanomaterials is important for comprehensive regulation efforts and safety-by-design approaches. Here, we report quantitative data on the correlations between the rigidity of these nanomaterials and toxicity endpoints <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. As measured by new ISO standards published in 2017, rigidity shows a strong positive correlation with inflammogenic potential, as indicated by inflammatory cell counts and IL-1β (a biomarker for frustrated phagocytosis) levels in both the acute and chronic phases. <I>In vitro</I> experiments using differentiated THP-1 cells find that only highly rigid multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and asbestos fibers lead to piercing and frustrated phagocytosis. Thus, this study suggests a bending ratio of 0.97 and a static bending persistence length of 1.08 as threshold rigidity values for asbestos-like pathogenicity. However, additional research using MWCNTs with rigidity values that lie between those of non-inflammogenic (<I>D</I><SUB>b</SUB> = 0.66 and SBPL = 0.87) and inflammogenic fibers (<I>D</I><SUB>b</SUB> = 0.97 and SBPL = 1.09) is required to identify more accurate threshold values, which would be useful for comprehensive regulation and safety-by-design approaches based on MWCNTs.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Il Yun Jeong,Chang Hyun Jin,Yong Dae Park,Hyo Jung Lee,Dae Seong Choi,Myung Woo Byun,Yeung Ji Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.13 No.4
The anti-inflammatory activities of an ethanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. (CS) were investigated in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Result indicated that CS inhibited the LPS-induced NO production in a dose-dependent manner with an IC?? of 10.9 ㎍/mL. In addition, CS attenuated the iNOS mRNA and protein expression by inhibiting NF-κB activation. CS also suppressed the productions of IL-6 and MCP-1 in a dose-dependent manner, with IC?? values of 15.9 ㎍/mL and 5.47 ㎍/mL, respectively. In addition to the anti-inflammatory activities, CS decreased intracellular ROS formation in the same cells. In conclusion, CS inhibited the production of NO, IL-6 and MCP-1 via a suppression of the NF-κB activation and intracellular ROS generation.
Inhibition of acute lethal pulmonary inflammation by the IDO–AhR pathway
Lee, Soung-Min,Park, Ha Young,Suh, Young-Sill,Yoon, Eun Hye,Kim, Juyang,Jang, Won Hee,Lee, Won-Sik,Park, Sae-Gwang,Choi, Il-Whan,Choi, Inhak,Kang, Sun-Woo,Yun, Hwayoung,Teshima, Takanori,Kwon, Byungsu National Academy of Sciences 2017 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.114 No.29
<P>The lung is a prototypic organ that was evolved to reduce immunopathology during the immune response to potentially hazardous endogenous and exogenous antigens. In this study, we show that donor CD4(+) T cells transiently induced expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in lung parenchyma in an IFN-gamma-dependent manner early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Abrogation of host IDO expression by deletion of the IDO gene or the IFN-gamma gene in donor T cells or by FK506 treatment resulted in acute lethal pulmonary inflammation known as idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS). Interestingly, IL-6 strongly induced IDO expression in an IFN-gamma-independent manner when deacetylation of STAT3 was inhibited. Accordingly, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) could reduce IPS in the state where IFN-gamma expression was suppressed by FK506. Finally, L-kynurenine produced by lung epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages during IPS progression suppresses the inflammatory activities of lung epithelial cells and CD4(+) T cells through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Taken together, our results reveal that IDO is a critical regulator of acute pulmonary inflammation and that regulation of IDO expression by HDACi may be a therapeutic approach for IPS after HSCT.</P>
Lee, Eun-Gyeong,Yun, Hee-Jin,Lee, Sang-Il,Yoo, Wan-Hee The Korean Association of Internal Medicine 2010 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.25 No.1
<P><B>Background/Aims</B></P><P>The present study was performed to determine the effects of the ethyl acetate extract of <I>Cudrania tricuspidata</I> (EACT) on interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Bone marrow cells were harvested from 6-week-old male imprinting control region mice, and the differentiation of osteoclasts from these cells was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and resorption pit formation assay. Phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK), phosphorylated p38, phosphorylated c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, NF-κB (p65), IκBα, c-Fos, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) expression was examined by immunoblotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>EACT inhibits IL-1β-stimulated RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. EACT also inhibits IL-1β-stimulated RANKL-mediated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, and expression of c-Fos and NFATc1.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These results suggest that EACT may be involved in the inhibition of bone loss by preventing osteoclast formation and may be used to manage bone destruction in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.</P>
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Stevia rebaudiana in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 Cells
Il Yun Jeong,Hyo Jung Lee,Chang Hyun Jin,Yong Dae Park,Dae Seong Choi,Min Ah Kang 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.15 No.1
Stevia rebaudiana (SR) is an herb used traditionally as a sweetener in Paraguay and Brazil, whose use is spreading to other countries, such as Japan, Korea and China. In addition to its low calorie sweet taste, SR appears to have other beneficial properties, such as hypotensive capabilities and inflammation reduction. To identify the bioactive natural constituents exerting anti-inflammatory activities, we examined the EtOAc fraction of SR. In the inflammatory mediator inhibitory assay from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages, the EtOAc fraction significantly, and dose dependently, inhibited the enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. We also found that treatment of cells with the EtOAc fraction significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) reporter gene expression. Such inhibition of NF-κB was closely associated with the inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Therefore, we suggest that SR has the potential for development as a functional food for the treatment of immune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.