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Long-term Variations of Chemical Properties in Controlled Horticultural Soils of Gyeongnam Province
Lee, Young-Han,Lee, Seong-Tae,Hong, Kang-Pyo,Lee, Sang-Dae,Kim, Je-Hong,Ok, Yong-Sik,Kim, Min-Keun,Kim, HyeRan 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5
The monitoring of chemical dynamic changes in controlled horticultural lands is very important for agricultural sustainability. Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of 200 controlled horticultural soil samples in Gyeongnam province every 4 years from 2000 to 2012. Soil chemical properties such as pH, amount of organic matter, available phosphate, nitrate nitrogen, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium were analyzed. The amount of exchangeable calcium and soil pH were significantly higher in 2012 than in 2000. In 2012, the frequency distribution for values of pH, organic matter, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium that were within the optimum range was 16.0%, 22.5%, 11.5%, 3.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0%, respectively. Especially, available phosphate and exchangeable calcium were excess level with portions of 76.0% and 96.5%, respectively. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties can reduce the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in controlled horticultural lands.
Lee, Dong Hoon,Lee, Kyou Seung,Cho, Yong Jin,Lee, Je Yong,Chung, Sun-Ok Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2012 바이오시스템공학 Vol.37 No.5
Purpose: Some of the most representative approaches are to apply next generation technologies to save energy consumption, fully automated control system to appropriately maintain environmental conditions, and autonomous assistance system to reduce labor load and ensure operator's safety. Nevertheless, improvement of upcoming method for soil cultured greenhouse has not been sufficiently achieved. Geometrical complexity of ground in protected crop cultivation might be one of the most dominant factors in design of autonomous vehicle. While there is a practical solution fairly enough to promise an accurate travelling, such as autonomous sprayer guided by rail or induction coil, for various reasons including the limitation of producer's budget, the previously developed sprayer has not been widely distributed to market. Methods: In this study, we developed an autonomous sprayer considering travelling performance on geometrical complexity of ground in soil cultured greenhouse. To maintain a stable travelling and to acquire a real time feedback, common wire with 80 mm thick and body frame and sprayer boom. To evaluate performance of the prototype, tracking performance, climbing performance and spraying boom's uniform leveling performance were individually evaluated by corresponding experimental tests. Results: The autonomous guidance system was proved to be sufficiently suitable for accurate linear traveling with RMS as lower than approximately 10 cm from designated path. Also the prototype could climb $10^{\circ}$ of ground's slope angle with 40 kg of water weight. Uniform leveling of spraying boom was successfully performed within $0.5^{\circ}$ of sprayer boom's slope. Conclusions: Considering more complex pathways and coarse ground conditions, evaluations and improvements of the prototype should be performed for promising reliability to commercialization.
( Je Woon Lee ),( Sang Su Lee ),( Hong Jun Kim ),( Chang Yoon Ha ),( Hyun Jin Kim ),( Tae Hyo Kim ),( Ok Jae Lee ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Hepatotoxicity is one of common adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) and major etiology of suspension or failure of ATT. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of ATT-induced hepatotoxicity and its risk factors. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 2,204 patients who had taken ATT for =2 weeks from January 1, 2005 through June 30, 2010. The patients` demographic, social, clinical, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed for the relationships between hepatotoxicity and variables. Hepatotoxicity was determined by investigation of liver tests at the time of pretreatment and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks of ATT. Results: Among 2,204 patients taken ATT, 202 (9.2%) developed hepatotoxicity. Mean age of the patients with ATT-induced hepatotoxicity was 52.5 ± 18.7 years and 64.6% were male. Hepatotoxicity was more frequent in patients with abnormal baseline liver function than the ones with normal liver function (16.3% vs. 6.9%, p=0.000), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected than non-infected (18.7% vs. 8.5%%, p=0.000), and the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than the ones without it (41.2% vs. 8.9%, p=0.000). Gender, age (>35 or 65 years), BMI, and alcohol drink were not signifi cantly related to ATT-induced hepatotoxicity. Abnormal baseline liver function, underlying HCC and HBV or HCV infections were risk factors for ATT-induced hepatotoxicity on univariate and multivariate analysis. The majority of patients (84.2%) developed hepatotoxicity within fi rst 30 days of ATT, and 31.7% within fi rst 7 days. Conclusions: The frequency of ATT-induced hepatotoxicity was 9.2%, and its risk factors were abnormal baseline liver function, and underlying HBV or HCV infection and HCC. Closed monitoring should be required for the patients with these risk factors during fi rst 30days of ATT, especially fi rst 7days.
A 90-Day Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Alismatis Rhizoma Aqueous Extract in Rats
Lee, Mu-Jin,Jung, Ho-Kyung,Lee, Ki-Ho,Jang, Ji-Hun,Sim, Mi-Ok,Seong, Tea-Gyeong,Ahn, Byung-Kwan,Shon, Jin-Han,Ham, Seong-Ho,Cho, Hyun-Woo,Kim, Yong-Min,Park, Sung-Jin,Yoon, Ji-Young,Ko, Je-Won,Kim, Jo Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2
Alismatis rhizoma (AR), the dried rhizome of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep, is a well-known, traditional medicine that is used for the various biological activities including as a diuretic, to lower cholesterol and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The present study was carried out to investigate the potential toxicity of the Alismatis rhizoma aqueous extract (ARAE) following 90-day repeated oral administration to Sprague-Dawley rats. ARAE was administered orally to male and female rats for 90 days at 0 (control), 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day (n = 10 for male and female rats for each dose). Additional recovery groups from the control group and high dose group were observed for a 28-day recovery period. Chromatograms of ARAE detected main compounds with four peaks. Treatment-related effects including an increase in the red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, total protein, and urine volume were observed in males of the 2,000 mg/kg/day group (p < 0.05). However, the diuretic effect of ARAE was considered, a major cause of hematological and serum biochemical changes. The oral no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the ARAE was > 2,000 mg/kg/day in both genders, and no target organs were identified.
N-doped graphitic self-encapsulation for high performance silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries
Lee, Won Jun,Hwang, Tae Hoon,Hwang, Jin Ok,Kim, Hyun Wook,Lim, Joonwon,Jeong, Hu Young,Shim, Jongwon,Han, Tae Hee,Kim, Je Young,Choi, Jang Wook,Kim, Sang Ouk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.7 No.2
<P>N-doped sites at CNT and graphene trigger spontaneous encapsulation of Si particles by simple pH control at room temperature. Significantly, N-doped CNT encapsulated Si composite electrode materials show remarkable cycle life and rate performance in battery operations. Superior capacity retention of 79.4% is obtained after 200 cycles and excellent rate capability of 914 mA h g<SUP>−1</SUP> is observed at a 10 C rate.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We demonstrate spontaneous room temperature graphitic encapsulation of Si particles for high performance LIB anodes with carbon nanotubes and graphene. Superior capacity retention and excellent rate capability have been achieved. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3ee43322f'> </P>