A Resiliency Coordinator Against Malicious Attacks for Cyber-Physical Systems

Yongsoon Eun,Jaegeun Park,Yechan Jeong,Daehoon Kim,Kyung-Joon Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2022 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

Resiliency of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) against malicious attacks has been a topic of active research in the past decade due to widely recognized importance. Resilient CPS is capable of tolerating some attacks, operating at a reduced capacity with core functions maintained, and failing gracefully to avoid any catastrophic consequences. Existing work includes an architecture for hierarchical control systems, which is a subset of CPS with wide applicability, that is tailored for resiliency. Namely, the architecture consists of local, network and supervision layers and features such as simplex structure, resource isolation by hypervisors, redundant sensors/actuators, and software defined network capabilities. Existing work also includes methods of ensuring a level of resiliency at each one of the layers, respectively. However, for a holistic system level resiliency, individual methods at each layers must be coordinated in their deployment because all three layers interact for the operation of CPS. For this purpose, a resiliency coordinator for CPS is proposed in this work. The resiliency coordinator is the interconnection of central resiliency coordinator in the supervision layer, network resiliency coordinator in the network layer, and finally, local resiliency coordinators in multiple physical systems that compose the physical layer. We show, by examples, the operation of the resiliency coordinator and illustrate that RC accomplishes a level of attack resiliency greater than the sum of resiliency at each one of the layers separately.

Home-Based Up-Dosing in Build-Up Phase of Oral Immunotherapy of Egg Allergy Is Safe and Feasible in Real-World Practice

Jeong Hye-In,Lee Bora,Kim Sukyung,Kyung Yechan,Jung Minyoung,Kim Minji,이지영,Kim Kevin,안강모,김지현 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.5

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has emerged to build sustained unresponsiveness or tolerance in patients with egg allergy. However, it is important to increase compliance and ensure safety because OIT requires an extended period of time and has a risk of side effects like anaphylaxis. We aimed to show the feasibility and safety of OIT during the build-up phase using a home-based, up-dosing method in children with egg allergy. Sixteen patients aged 4 to 12 years with egg allergy were enrolled. Patients increased the dose of boiled egg white (EW) by 5% per day at home and 25% per month at the hospital, with a target dose of 40 g of boiled EW (4.0 g of EW proteins). A historical control group (n = 16) was matched for age, sex, and clinical characteristics for comparisons with the OIT group. Oral food challenge (OFC) tests were performed after completing the build-up phase. In the OIT group, 93.8% (15/16) of patients achieved desensitization, with only 1 patient discontinuing OIT before the maintenance phase due to repeated allergic reactions. Mild allergic reactions and anaphylaxis occurred in 12 (75.0%) and 2 patients (12.5%), respectively. However, there were no significant adverse reactions such as serious anxiety or life-threatening events that required discontinuation of treatment. On the contrary, only 1 patient (6.3%) in the control group passed an OFC of 40 g of boiled EW during the same period (P < 0.001). Our results suggest that home-based up-dosing protocols using boiled eggs may be safe and feasible for the build-up phase of OIT in children with egg allergy.

Dietary Diversity during Early Infancy Increases Microbial Diversity and Prevents Egg Allergy in High-Risk Infants

이보라,정혜인,김수경,권미정,김현미,정민영,Kyung Yechan,Kim Byung Eui,최숙주,오수영,백선영,김선우,배재웅,안강모,김지현 대한면역학회 2022 Immune Network Vol.22 No.2

We aimed to investigate associations of dietary diversity (DD) with gut microbial diversity and the development of hen's egg allergy (HEA) in infants. We enrolled 68 infants in a high-risk group and 32 infants in a control group based on a family history of allergic diseases. All infants were followed from birth until 12 months of age. We collected infant feeding data, and DD was defined using 3 measures: the World Health Organization definition of minimum DD, food group diversity, and food allergen diversity. Gut microbiome profiles and expression of cytokines were evaluated by bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. High DD scores at 3 and 4 months were associated with a lower risk of developing HEA in the high-risk group, but not in the control group. In the high-risk group, high DD scores at 3, 4, and 5 months of age were associated with an increase in Chao1 index at 6 months. We found that the gene expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 were higher among infants who had lower DD scores compared to those who had higher DD scores in high-risk infants. Additionally, high-risk infants with a higher FAD score at 5 months of age showed a reduced gene expression of IL-13. Increasing DD within 6 months of life may increase gut microbial diversity, and thus reduce the development of HEA in infants with a family history of allergic diseases.

Daclatasvir Plus Asunaprevir for the Treatment of Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b Infection: Real-World Efficacy, Changes in Liver Stiffness and Fibrosis Markers, and Safety

( Hye Won Lee ),( Se Rim Oh ),( Dong Yun Kim ),( Yechan Jeong ),( Seungtaek Kim ),( Beom Kyung Kim ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Kwang-hyub Han ),( Jun Yong Park ) 대한간학회 2018 Gut and Liver Vol.12 No.3

Background/Aims: The treatment with daclatasvir plus asu-naprevir (DCV+ASV) is associated with potent antiviral effects in patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) infec-tion. We investigated the real-world efficacy, changes in liver stiffness and noninvasive fibrosis markers, and the safety of DCV+ASV treatment in Korean patients. Methods: In to-tal, 363 patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with DCV+ASV between August 2015 and January 2017. Finally, we analyzed the data of 270 patients who were monitored for at least 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Results: The mean age was 60.7 years, and females predominated (60.4%). Most patients (64.8%) were treatment-naïve, and 56 patients (20.7%) had cirrhosis. Two hundred fifty-seven (95.2%) and 251 (93.0%) patients achieved end-of-treatment responses and sustained virological responses at 12 weeks posttreatment (SVR12), respectively. The SVR12 rates were higher in patients who were <65 years of age, males, without cirrhosis and had lower HCV RNA levels. All LS values and fibrosis-4 and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio in-dex values declined from baseline to the time of assessment of SVR12. Conclusions: The DCV+ASV therapy resulted in a high SVR12 and improved liver fibrosis; the treatment was well tolerated in patients with genotype 1b HCV infections. (Gut Liver 2018;12:324-330)

Preparation, characterization, and evaluation of celecoxib eutectic mixtures with adipic acid/saccharin for improvement of wettability and dissolution rate

Hyun, Sang-Min,Lee, Benjamin Joon,Abuzar, Sharif Md,Lee, Soohun,Joo, Yechan,Hong, Seung-Hyeon,Kang, Han,Kwon, Kyung-Ae,Velaga, Sitaram,Hwang, Sung-Joo Elsevier 2019 International journal of pharmaceutics Vol.554 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Celecoxib (CEL) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor therapeutically indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute pain, and inflammation. However, its poor solubility and dissolution rate significantly hinders its broader application. In this study, eutectic mixtures, as binary pharmaceutical compositions of CEL with adipic acid (ADI) and saccharin (SAC), were identified through a phase diagram and Tammann’s triangle intended to improve the wettability and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble CEL. The contact angles at 0s in the liquid-solid interface were approximately <I>θ</I>s (theta) 79.7 ± 0.50° and 86.65 ± 0.45° for CEL-ADI and CEL-SAC, respectively, which were much lower than the value obtained for CEL (92.05 ± 0.75° <I>θ</I>). Moreover, a comparison of the disk intrinsic dissolution rate and powder dissolution properties demonstrated that eutectic mixtures significantly increased the dissolution rate compared with CEL and physical mixtures. A general relationship was elucidated and indicated that the dissolution rate was increased as the contact angle decreased (correlation coefficient, r = 0.9966 ± 0.0031). Therefore, CEL-ADI and CEL-SAC eutectics may offer a novel formulation strategy to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of CEL.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

무증상 신생아에서 진단된 중쇄 acyl-CoA 탈수소효소 결핍증 1례

경예찬,허림,권영희,이지은,조성윤,진동규,이정호,이동환,Kyung, Yechan,Huh, Rimm,Kwun, Younghee,Lee, Jieun,Cho, Sung Yoon,Jin, Dong-Kyu,Lee, Jeongho,Lee, Dong Hwan 대한유전성대사질환학회 2015 대한유전성대사질환학회지 Vol.15 No.1

중쇄 acyl-CoA 탈수소효소 결핍증은 미토콘드리아에 존재하는 효소 중 하나인 MCAD의 부족으로 인하여 적절한 지방산 산화가 이루어지지 못하는 대사질환으로 지방산 산화와 관련된 대사 질환 중 가장 흔한 형태이다. 다양한 임상증상으로 저혈당, 발달지연, 발작, 돌연사 등이 나타날 수 있다. 저자들은 신생아 선별검사상 C6, C8, C10:1 acylcarnitine, C8/C2 ratio 혹은 C8/C10 ratio의 증가를 보이는 무증상의 신생아에서 유전자 분석검사를 통해 MCAD 결핍증을 진단하였다. 생후 10개월 경, 고열을 동반한 전신 강직성간대경련 발생하였으나 혈액검사 상 저혈당은 관찰되지 않았고 발열 호전된 후 추가적인 경련은 없었다. 이후 생후 25개월까지 추적관찰 하였을 때 경련을 포함한 증상 없었고, 정상적인 성장과 발달을 보였다. 무증상의 신생아에서 신생아 선별검사를 통해 우연히 MCAD 결핍증으로 진단된 후 1회의 열성경련 발생하였으나 대사성 위기없이 정상적인 성장 및 발달을 보이고 있는 환아가 있어 이에 증례를 보고하는 바이다. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is the most common mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorder which is inherited as an autosomal recessive pattern. MCAD deficiency is caused by mutations in the ACADM gene; medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene (ACADM; OMIM 607008) on chromosome 1p31 which encodes MCAD, the mitochondrial enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction in beta-oxidation of fatty acids with medium-chain length. Here, we describe one Korean pediatric case of MCAD deficiency, which was diagnosed during newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed by molecular analysis. The level of hexanoyl (C6), octanoyl (C8), decenoyl (C10:1) carnitine, and C8/C2 ratio was elevated. Homogenous c.1189T>A (p.Tyr397Asn) mutation of ACADM gene was identified by direct sequencing. He has been asymptomatic and has shown normal growth and development by 25 months of age without any intervention. There was no episode of metabolic acidosis during follow-up period.