강릉시 사망원인 분석

김상아,곽연희,박웅섭,송재석,이상욱,박덕영,강명근 關東大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 2002 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.6 No.1

This study was conducted to use for the Community Health Care Plan through analyzing the specific cause of death in Gangneung. The study subject were death in Gangneung that happened from January 1, to December 31 in 2000, and that were enrolled as the citizen of Gangneung. The causes of death were classified according to the 56 selected list for ranking of causes of death in Korean National Statistical Office in order to compare the data of nation. We also estimated Years of Potential Life Lost in order to evaluate the burden of disease in Gangneung.

임피던스 방법을 이용한 뇌혈류량 측정기기의 개발(Ⅰ)

김덕원,김정래,송철규,김정열,남문현 대한의용생체공학회 1989 의공학회지 Vol.10 No.1

In this study, Rheoencephalography(REG) was designed and constructed. Using the constructed instrument cerebral blood flow(CBF) of left and right brain, CBF change by posture, and reproducibility were studied. Followings are important results. Relative CBF could be measured noninvasively and continuously. Since reproducibility of the constructed REG was found to be quite high (4 %), the accuracy of the instrument itself was proved. REG can be easily applied for testing the effect of drugs for the patients with cerebral vessel diseases since it is quite sensitive to the relative changes of CBF. Various cerebral diseases can be diagnosed by analyzing the REG waveforms. The area of restricted cerebral blood vessels can be located by arranging the electrode configuration. Comparative studies with the standard techniques of measuring CBF are needed to verify the accuracy of REG. Further studies on optimal electrode configuration and various artifacts are also necessary.

가정용 레인지 후드의 소음저감 설계에 관한 연구

김덕한,송화영,이동훈 서울産業大學校 2005 논문집 Vol.54 No.1

This paper introduces a study for the noise reduction design of a range hood for household. Generally, range hoods have a built-in sirocco fan from which squawky noises are generated. Though the squawky noises have low noise level, these kinds of noises make most of the users nervous. For the purpose of noise reduction, in this study, a perforated panel system is installed in the fan housing of range hood. From the experimental results, it is confirmed that the noise level emitted from the range hood is decreased above 2dBA in all frequency regions.

노인틀니 보험급여를 위한 건강보험재정추계연구

권호근,김영남,정기호,송근배,박덕영 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study is to estimate the National Health Insurance budget needed for the Korean elderly's denture service coverage. For more exact estimating the budget, denture need and demand were calculated by using 2000 National Oral Health Survey data. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Over 65 years old, full denture and partial denture need per arch were each 8.5% and 16.8%. And over 70 years old, those were each 11.3% and 17.8%. 2. Over 65 years old, full denture and partial denture demand per arch were each 22.8% and 21.2%. And over 70 years old, those were each 27.%% and 21.1%. 3. Based on the denture need, the health insurance budget needed in the first operative year was about 955.4 billion won, over 65 years old and about 644.2 billion won, over 70 years old. 4. Based on the denture demand(wear), the health insurance budget needed in the first operative year was about 207.5 billion won, over 65 years old and was about 151.6 billion won, over 70 years old. If health insurance policy of elderly's denture service coverage is performed, actual denture wear rate is going to increase, and the budget needed is also increasing. Because current National Health Insurance budget status is poor, it is difficult to execute health insurance coverage for elderly's denture service. Therefore we suggest that health insurance coverage for preventive service is to be considered in order to reducing denture need in the long term view.

흰쥐 Kupffer 세포에 대한 Propofol의 작용

박세훈,지대림,성언기,김희선,송인환,박희영,김준수,이덕희,박대팔 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.4

Background: Propofol has an antioxidant capacity and can be used for ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. However, the effects of propofol on the Kupffer cells have not been establisked. Methods: Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured from male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of propofol on the Kupffer cells were evaluated by a phagocytosis assay, TNF-α gene expression, and superoxide anion release after administering propofol in different concentrations on the cultured Kuprrer cells. Results: The latex bead phagocytosis by the Kupffer cells was suppressed when the Kupffer cells were exposed to propofol irrespective of concentrations. Higher propofol concentrations decreased the loss of Kupffer cells after latex bead phagocytosis. Propofol induced TNF-α mRNA expression in the Kupffer cells, but the mRNA expression level after 50㎍/ml of propofol decreased. The pattern of TNF-α mRNA expression induced by propofol was different to that induced by LPS: TNF-α mRNA was expressed continuously in the propofol-treated cells until 16 hours after exposure to propofol, whereas the level of TNF-α mRNA expression induced by LPS was evident after 2 hours and was not found thereafter. TNF-α production after propofol treatment was not higher than that of the control. Formazan presipitation did not show any qualitative differences between cells untreated or treated with propofol concentrations of 0.5, 5.0, and 50 ㎍/ml. Conclusions: These results showed that propofol might inhibit Kupffer cells. This suggests that propofol and be used for patients with ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 43: 475~484)

Evaluation on Four Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Contents in the Groundwater and Their Human Risk Level

Song, Dahee,Park, Sunhwa,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Hwang, Jong Yeon,Kim, Moonsu,Jo, Hun-Je,Kim, Deok-Hyun,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Kim, Ki-In,Kim, Hye-Jin,Kim, Tae-Seung,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

In this study, we monitored 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane in groundwater samples to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations and evaluated the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. 75 groundwater wells were selected. 24 wells were from monitoring background groundwater quality level and 51 wells were from monitoring groundwater quality level in industrial or contamination source area. In the results, the detection frequency for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane was 42.3%, 8.1%, 6.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. The average concentrations of VOCs were high in the order of chloroform ($1.7{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), dichloromethane ($0.08{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), tetrachloromethane ($0.05{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), and 1,2-dichloroethane ($0.05{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$). Chloroform had the highest detection frequency and average detection concentration. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dchloroethane, and tetrachloromethane. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane were $2.23{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.08{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.07{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and $0.06{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively. All the 4 compounds were detected at industrial complex and storage tank area. The maximum concentration of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane was detected at industrial complex area. Especially, the maximum concentration of chloroform and dichloromethane was detected at a chemical factory area. In the uncontaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dchloroethane and tetrachloromethane was not detected. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane were $0.57{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, $0.07{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, and $0.03{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Although chloroform in the uncontaminated groundwater was detected the most, the concentration of chloroform was not exceeding water quality standards. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of 1,2-dichloroethane was found near a traffic area. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 4 VOCs was $10^{-6}{\sim}10^{-9}$, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) for the 4 VOCs is $10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-3}$.

SELF-LIFE EXTENSION BY NATURAL FOOD ADDITIVES IN PACIFIC OYSTER Crassostrea gigas

Song -Hee Kim,Hae-Na Han,Yun-hye Kim,Eun-Hye Lee,Deok-Hoon Kim,Ji-Hoon Kim,Seung-Mok Yeom,Young-Mog Kim,Eun-Tak Jeong 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

Simultaneous Analysis of 13 Pesticides in Groundwater and Evaluation of its Persistent Characteristics

Song, Dahee,Park, Sunhwa,Jeon, Sang-Ho,Kim, Ki-In,Hwang, Jong Yeon,Kim, Moonsu,Jo, Hun-Je,Kim, Deok-hyun,Lee, Gyeong-Mi,Kim, Hye-Jin,Kim, Tae-Seung,Chung, Hyen Mi,Kim, Hyun-Koo 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.5

For this study, groundwater samples for 3 years from 2011 through 2013 were collected at 106 groundwater monitoring site in Korea. These groundwater samples were analyzed for 13 pesticides such as cabofuran, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, simazine, atrazine, lindane (gamma-HCH), alachlor, heptachlor, chlordane (total), endosulfan (1, 2), dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDT. The objectives of this study were to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations of 13 pesticides and evaluate the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact using concentrations of 13 pesticides in groundwater samples. An analysis was used for the simultaneous determination for 13 pesticides using GC-MS. GC-MS was performed on HP-5ms, using helium ($1ml\;min^{-1}$) as carrier gas. The average recoveries of the pesticides were from 92.8% to 120.8%. The limits of detection (LODs) were between $0.004{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and $0.118{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were between $0.012{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ and $0.354{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. 106 groundwater wells were selected. 54 wells were from well to monitor background groundwater quality and 52 wells were from well to monitor groundwater quality in industrial or contamination source area. Eight pesticides including pentachlorobenzene, lindane (Gamma-HCH), heptachlor, chlordane (total), Endosulfan (1, 2), dieldrin, endrin, and 4,4-DDT were not detected in groundwater samples. The detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, alachlor, carbofuran and simazine was 23.4%, 11.4%, 7.3%, and 1.0%, respectively. Atrazine was detected once in 2011. The average concentrations were $0.00423{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for carbofuran, $0.000243{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for alachlor, $0.00015{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for simazine, and $0.00001{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for hexachlorobenzene. The detection frequency of hexachlorobenzene was high, but the average concentration was low. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, alachlor, carbofuran, simazine and atrazine was 26.1%, 21.3%, 7.1%, 1.9% and 0.3%, respectively. In the uncontaminated groundwater, detection frequency for hexachlorobenzene, carbofuran and alachlor were 20.2%, 7.5%, and 1.9% respectively. Simazine and atrazine were not detected at uncontaminated groundwater wells. According to the purpose of groundwater use, atrazine was detected for agricultural groundwater use. Hexachlorobenzene showed high detection frequency at agricultural groundwater use area where the animal feeding area and golf course area were located. Alachlor showed more than 50% detection frequency at cropping area, pollution concern river area, and golf course area. Atrazine was detected in agricultural water use area. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of alachlor was found near an orchard. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 5 pesticides was between $10^{-7}$ and $10^{-10}$, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) was between $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-6}$. For conclusion, these monitoring study needs to continue because of the possibility of groundwater contamination based on various purpose of groundwater use.

Bias voltage dependence of magnetic tunnel junctions comprising double barriers and CoFe/NiFeSiB/CoFe free layer

Kim, You Song,Chun, Byong Sun,Kim, Deok-kee,Hwang, Jae Yeon,Kim, Soon Sub,Rhee, J.R.,Kim, Keewon,Kim, Taewan,Kim, Young Keun IEEE 2006 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.42 No.10

The typical double-barrier magnetic tunnel junction (DMTJ) structure examined in this paper consists of a Ta 45/Ru 9.5/IrMn 10/CoFe 7/AlO<SUB>x</SUB>/free layer/AlO<SUB>x</SUB>/CoFe 7/IrMn 10/Ru 60 (nm). The free layer consists of an Ni<SUB>16</SUB>Fe<SUB>62</SUB>Si<SUB>8</SUB>B<SUB>14</SUB> 7 nm, Co<SUB>90</SUB>Fe<SUB>10</SUB> (fcc) 7 nm, or CoFe t<SUB>1</SUB>/NiFeSiB t<SUB>2</SUB>/CoFe t<SUB>1</SUB> layer in which the thicknesses t<SUB>1</SUB> and t<SUB>2</SUB> are varied. The DMTJ with an NiFeSiB-free layer had a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of 28%, an area-resistance product (RA) of 86 k Ω μm<SUP>2</SUP>, a coercivity (H<SUB>c</SUB>) of 11 Oe, and an interlayer coupling field (H<SUB>i</SUB>) of 20 Oe. To improve the TMR ratio and RA, a DMTJ comprising an amorphous NiFeSiB layer that could partially substitute for the CoFe free layer was investigated. This hybrid DMTJ had a TMR of 30%, an RA of 68 k Ωμ m<SUP>2</SUP>, and a H<SUB>c</SUB> of 11 Oe, but an increased H<SUB>i</SUB> of 37 Oe. We confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy that H<SUB>i</SUB> increased as the thickness of NiFeSiB decreased. When the amorphous NiFeSiB layer was thick, it was effective in retarding the columnar growth which usually induces a wavy interface. However, if the NiFeSiB layer was thin, the roughness was increased and H<SUB>i</SUB> became large because of the magnetostatic Ne´el coupling.

Evaluation on Four Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Contents in the Groundwater and Their Human Risk Level

Dahee Song,Sunhwa Park,Sang-Ho Jeon,Jong Yeon Hwang,Moonsu Kim,Hun-Je Jo,Deok-Hyun Kim,Gyeong-Mi Lee,Ki-In Kim,Hye-Jin Kim,Tae-Seung Kim,Hyen Mi Chung,Hyun-Koo Kim 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.4

In this study, we monitored 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane in groundwater samples to determine the detection frequency and their concentrations and evaluated the health risk level considering ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. 75 groundwater wells were selected. 24 wells were from monitoring background groundwater quality level and 51 wells were from monitoring groundwater quality level in industrial or contamination source area. In the results, the detection frequency for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane was 42.3%, 8.1%, 6.0%, and 3.4%, respectively. The average concentrations of VOCs were high in the order of chloroform (1.7 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), dichloromethane (0.08 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), tetrachloromethane (0.05 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>), and 1,2-dichloroethane (0.05 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>). Chloroform had the highest detection frequency and average detection concentration. In the contaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dchloroethane, and tetrachloromethane. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, and tetrachloromethane were 2.23 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.08 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.07 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 0.06 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. All the 4 compounds were detected at industrial complex and storage tank area. The maximum concentration of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane was detected at industrial complex area. Especially, the maximum concentration of chloroform and dichloromethane was detected at a chemical factory area. In the uncontaminated groundwater, the detection frequency of VOCs was high in the order of chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dchloroethane and tetrachloromethane was not detected. The average concentrations for chloroform, dichloromethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane were 0.57 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.07 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and 0.03 μg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. Although chloroform in the uncontaminated groundwater was detected the most, the concentration of chloroform was not exceeding water quality standards. By land use, the maximum detection frequency of 1,2-dichloroethane was found near a traffic area. For human risk assessment, the cancer risk for the 4 VOCs was 1<SUP>0-6</SUP>~10<SUP>-9</SUP>, while the non-cancer risk (HQ value) for the 4 VOCs is 10<SUP>-2</SUP>~10<SUP>-3</SUP>.