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In Vitro Effects of Soy Phytoestrogens on Rat L6 Skeletal Muscle Cells
K.L. Jones,J. Harty,M.J. Roeder,T.A. Winters,W.J. Banz 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.3
Soy isoflavones display estrogenic activity in humans and animals, and thus are referred to as phytoestrogens.This study was performed to observe the effects of the soy isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein on cell cultures ofrat skeletal muscles. [3H]Thymidine incorporation was used to determine cell proliferation, while protein synthesis and degra-dation were determined by tracking radiolabeled leucine. For the proliferation studies, insulin, estradiol, genistein, daidzein,or glycitein was supplemented at 0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 .M, respectively, or in combinationswith final concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 .M. Genistein reacted most similarly to estradiol, inhibiting proliferation at . 1.M (P. .001). A combination of phytoestrogens resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, but not to the extentobserved with genistein alone. For the protein synthesis and degradation experiments, treatments of 0.1 .M dexamethasoneor 1 .M concentrations of insulin, genistein, daidzein, or glycitein were used. Phytoestrogens did not inhibit or stimulate pro-tein degradation or synthesis (P. .05). A one-tailed univariate analysis of variance revealed a trend (P. .1) in protein stim-ulation with genistein and glycitein treatments. These results suggest that the tyrosine kinase inhibiting activity of genisteinmay be affecting phosphorylation of the mitosis-promoting factor, preventing the advancement of the mitotic cell cycle. Inaddition, at higher total combined concentrations, daidzein and glycitein may be able to outcompete genistein for receptorsites. These results suggest that soy isoflavones in the diet may potentially modulate normal growth and development in hu-mans and animals that ingest soy-based products.
Deep VLA Observations of the Cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 in the Frequency Range of 1-2 GHz
Rajpurohit, K.,Hoeft, M.,van Weeren, R. J.,Rudnick, L.,Rö,ttgering, H. J. A.,Forman, W. R.,Brü,ggen, M.,Croston, J. H.,Andrade-Santos, F.,Dawson, W. A.,Intema, H. T.,Kraft, R. P.,Jones, C.,Jee American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.852 No.2
<P>We report L-band VLA observations of 1RXS J0603.3+4214, a cluster that hosts a bright radio relic, known as the Toothbrush, and an elongated giant radio halo. These new observations allow us to study the surface brightness distribution down to 1 arcsec resolution with very high sensitivity. Our images provide an unprecedented detailed view of the Toothbrush, revealing enigmatic filamentary structures. To study the spectral index distribution, we complement our analysis with published LOFAR and GMRT observations. The bright 'brush' of the Toothbrush shows a prominent narrow ridge to its north with a sharp outer edge. The spectral index at the ridge is in the range -0.70 <= alpha <= -0.80. We suggest that the ridge is caused by projection along the line of sight. With a simple toy model for the smallest region of the ridge, we conclude that the magnetic field is below 5 mu G and varies significantly across the shock front. Our model indicates that the actual Mach number is higher than that obtained from the injection index and agrees well with the one derived from the overall spectrum, namely M = 3.78(-0.2)(+0.3). The radio halo shows an average spectral index of alpha = -1.16 +/- 0.05 and a slight gradient from north to south. The southernmost part of the halo is steeper and possibly related to a shock front. Excluding the southernmost part, the halo morphology agrees very well with the X-ray morphology. A power-law correlation is found between the radio and X-ray surface brightness.</P>
4H to 3C Polytypic Transformation in Al+ Implanted SiC during High Temperature Annealing
L. Kuebler,E. Hershkovitz,D. Kouzminov,H.‑J. Gossmann,S. Charnvanichborikarn,C. Hatem,H. Kim,K. S. Jones 대한금속·재료학회 2024 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.20 No.3
Polytypism in SiC has created interest and opportunity for device heterostructures and bandgap engineering in power electronicapplications. As each SiC polytype possesses a diff erent bandgap, electron mobility, and degree of anisotropy, unique interfacescan be created without changing its chemical composition. The 4H polytype is commonly used, but the 3C polytype off ers highsurface electron mobility with isotropic properties as the only cubic polytype. This has driven research on heteroepitaxy with limitedsuccess in traditional chemical vapor deposition chambers. Discussion on polytype control and stability has been restrictedto bulk and epitaxial crystal growth, despite numerous reports of polytypic transformations occurring during other processingsteps. This study revealed the polytypic transformation of 4H-SiC to 3C-SiC after high temperature annealing using high resolutioncross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Above1750 °C, the surface signifi cantly roughened under a reduced pressure of Ar, whereas surface planarity was maintained underAr atmospheric pressure. The formation of 3C-SiC islands occurred adjacent to large surface pits through an epitaxial growthprocess for the reduced pressure condition only. Loss of SiC stoichiometry at the surface with Si enrichment and availability ofon-axis terraces enabled 3C nucleation. 3C-SiC growth was retarded using a protective carbon cap (C-cap) where defect-freesingle crystal 3C-SiC has a coherent interface with the 4H-SiC substrate underneath. These fi ndings demonstrate that the 3Cpolytype can be stable at high temperatures, encouraging the need for a better understanding of polytype stability and control.
Coupled double-row formation in a quasi-1D wire
Smith, L.W.,Hew, W.K.,Thomas, K.J.,Pepper, M.,Farrer, I.,Anderson, D.,Jones, G.A.C.,Ritchie, D.A. North-Holland 2010 Physica E, Low-dimensional systems & nanostructure Vol.42 No.4
We investigate one-dimensional (1D) quantum wires in the weak confinement regime, where, at certain densities, the 1D system of electrons bifurcates into two rows. We show that the two rows are coupled, forming bonding and antibonding states, and that the coupling persists in magnetic fields from 0 to 16 T. In order for a double row to form, the Coulomb interactions in the channel must overcome the confining potential, which can be achieved by tuning the density and confinement. Using a split-gate device with a top gate and back gate, we observe a transition from single-row to double-row behaviour in the weak confinement regime. We further probe the characteristics of the coupled double row regime with dc source-drain bias measurements.
Anu K. Solanki,Ferdinand V. Lali,Hélène Autefage,Shweta Agarwal,Amy Nommeots-Nomm,Anthony D. Metcalfe,Molly M. Stevens,Julian R. Jones 한국생체재료학회 2021 생체재료학회지 Vol.25 No.1
Background: Bioactive glasses are traditionally associated with bonding to bone through a hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) surface layer but the release of active ions is more important for bone regeneration. They are now being used to deliver ions for soft tissue applications, particularly wound healing. Cobalt is known to simulate hypoxia and provoke angiogenesis. The aim here was to develop new bioactive glass compositions designed to be scaffold materials to locally deliver pro-angiogenic cobalt ions, at a controlled rate, without forming an HCA layer, for wound healing applications. Methods: New melt-derived bioactive glass compositions were designed that had the same network connectivity (mean number of bridging covalent bonds between silica tetrahedra), and therefore similar biodegradation rate, as the original 45S5 Bioglass. The amount of magnesium and cobalt in the glass was varied, with the aim of reducing or removing calcium and phosphate from the compositions. Electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/bioactive glass composites were also produced. Glasses were tested for ion release in dissolution studies and their influence on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) from fibroblast cells was investigated. Results: Dissolution tests showed the silica rich layer differed depending on the amount of MgO in the glass, which influenced the delivery of cobalt. The electrospun composites delivered a more sustained ion release relative to glass particles alone. Exposing fibroblasts to conditioned media from these composites did not cause a detrimental effect on metabolic activity but glasses containing cobalt did stabilise HIF-1α and provoked a significantly higher expression of VEGF (not seen in Co-free controls). Conclusions: The composite fibres containing new bioactive glass compositions delivered cobalt ions at a sustained rate, which could be mediated by the magnesium content of the glass. The dissolution products stabilised HIF-1α and provoked a significantly higher expression of VEGF, suggesting the composites activated the HIF pathway to stimulate angiogenesis.
Hough, L. E.,Jung, H. T.,Krü,erke, D.,Heberling, M. S.,Nakata, M.,Jones, C. D.,Chen, D.,Link, D. R.,Zasadzinski, J.,Heppke, G.,Rabe, J. P.,Stocker, W.,Kö,rblova, E.,Walba, D. M.,Glaser, M. A. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2009 Science Vol.325 No.5939
<P>In the formation of chiral crystals, the tendency for twist in the orientation of neighboring molecules is incompatible with ordering into a lattice: Twist is expelled from planar layers at the expense of local strain. We report the ordered state of a neat material in which a local chiral structure is expressed as twisted layers, a state made possible by spatial limitation of layering to a periodic array of nanoscale filaments. Although made of achiral molecules, the layers in these filaments are twisted and rigorously homochiral--a broken symmetry. The precise structural definition achieved in filament self-assembly enables collective organization into arrays in which an additional broken symmetry--the appearance of macroscopic coherence of the filament twist--produces a liquid crystal phase of helically precessing layers.</P>
Christopher K. Butler,Jessica L. Jones 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2016 International Area Studies Review Vol.19 No.3
Are levels of sexual violence committed by government security forces in a country prior to conflict predictive of levels of sexual violence in that country during conflict? Most of the scholarship on sexual violence focuses on the phenomenon during armed conflict, and in general the assumption made by these scholars is that conflict exacerbates the sexual violence problem. Cross-sectional analysis appears to support this assertion; however, we argue that the comparison group used by cross-sectional analyses is inappropriate for answering the question of whether conflict impacts the amount of sexual violence in a country. Instead, we propose that the appropriate comparison is between peacetime levels of sexual violence and conflict levels of sexual violence for the same country. To test this relationship, we employ data on sexual violence committed by government security forces in a sample of 170 countries for the time period 1999–2011, using a measure similar to that from Butler, Gluch, and Mitchell. Then, we use a variety of descriptive and inferential statistical tests to examine the relationship between conflict from the UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset and the level of sexual violence in a country. We find that for cases with variation in conflict across our time period, pre-conflict levels of sexual violence are predictive of conflict levels but, contrary to the common assumption, the prediction is no change in the level of sexual violence for most cases.
Chae, K.Y.,Ahn, S.,Ayres, A.,Bardayan, D.W.,Bey, A.,Greife, U.,Howard, M.E.,Jones, K.L.,Kozub, R.L.,Matoš,, M.,Moazen, B.H.,Nesaraja, C.D.,O’Malley, P.D.,Peters, W.A.,Pittman, S.T.,Smith, M.S. Elsevier 2018 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.900 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Direct measurements of ( α , p ) reactions of astrophysical interest with radioactive beams presents serious challenges because of the difficult nature of helium targets and the typical low intensities of the beams. To address this, a new technique has been developed for measurements of low-energy ( α , p ) reactions with heavy ion beams using an extended <SUP> 4 </SUP> He gas target and a newly developed gas recirculating system. The system was used to measure the <SUP> 4 </SUP> He(<SUP>19</SUP>F, <SUP> 1 </SUP> H)<SUP>22</SUP>Ne reaction as a demonstration. Excitation functions of the <SUP>19</SUP>F( α , p )<SUP>22</SUP>Ne and <SUP>19</SUP>F( α , <SUP> p ′ </SUP> )<SUP>22</SUP>Ne <SUP> ∗ </SUP> reactions were successfully measured to show the viability of this technique. Details of the approach and future plans are given.</P>