청소년의 스마트폰 중독과 우울 및 불안과의 관계

김경은,김필송,민주연,박수경,신서인,이지은,정해인,조호정,최정원,최정인 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the degree of smart phone addiction among adolescents and their depression and anxiety levels. Method: In this study, 379 high school students were selected using the convenient sampling method. The instruments used for this study were smart phone addiction measure, the CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale), and the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for smart phone addiction was 40.45±17.27, depression was 36.56±9.58, state anxiety was 44.00±9.61, and trait anxiety was 45.70±9.75. There were significant differences between the degree of smart phone addiction and the following variables: gender (t=-4.953, p<.001), hours of smart phone use per day (F=12.259, p<.001), types of frequently used features (F=3.485, p=.008), and satisfaction level for smart phone (F=5.18, p<.001). There were statistically significant relationships (p<.001) among degree of smart phone addiction, depression level, and state and trait anxiety levels. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that there was a significant relationship between smart phone addiction and mental health, specifically, depression and anxiety among adolescents. Further research is needed to develop nursing strategies to provide care for adolescents who frequently utilize smart phones.

산업단지 및 일반생활 지역의 공기 중 톨루엔에 대한 개인노출 및 생체시료의 상관성 분석

이병준(Byoungjun Lee),허 정(Jung Heo),정다영(Dayoung Jung),김순신(Sunshin Kim),류현수(Hyeon-Su Ryu),최민지(Min-Ji Choi),솨이지엔페이(Jian-Fei Shuai),임성국(Sung-Guk Im),양원호(Wonho Yang) 한국환경보건학회 2017 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation relationship between personal exposure and urinary hippuric acid in biological monitoring for airborne toluene in an industrial complex and in general environments. Methods: Personal exposure to toluene and its metabolite, hippuric acid, in urine were simultaneously measured in occupational environments area near an industrial complex and in general environments. The study subjects were divided into three types: 137 workers who use organic solvents in the workplace, 210 residents living near a dyeing industrial complex, and 379 residents living in general environments. The toluene exposures of workers and residents were measured by a passive sampler for four days. The urine of participants was sampled when the passive samplers of personal exposure were collected. Results: The toluene and hippuric acid concentrations of workers were the highest, followed by the concentrations of residents living near a dyeing industrial complex and residents living in general environments. The coefficient of correlation between the concentrations of toluene and hippuric acid among workers was 0.749 (p<0.01) in the workplace. On the contrary, correlations between the concentrations of toluene and hippuric acid among residents living near a dyeing industrial complex and residents living in general environments were all not significant. The relationship between the concentrations of hippuric acid and toluene in three types could be described by the exponential growth model. Conclusions: This study analyzed the relationships between toluene exposure and the concentrations of hippuric acid in urine in high, middle, and low exposure environments, and could be described by the exponential growth model.

응집공정에 적합한 In-Line 정적혼화기를 이용한 혼화공정의 개선

정철우,강민수,최시환,정수일,손인식,강임석 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.3

The rapid mixing process for coagulation is a critical component in a water treatment plant. However, at the present time a detailed understanding of the rapid mixing by in-line mixer or generally accepted criteria for the design of in-line static mixer are not available. The aim of this work is therefore to improve the understanding of how the in-line static mixer works and how to better utilize it in coagulation process in water treatment. To investigate the performance of static mixer, coagulation experiments were conducted to compare the static mixer to the traditional backmixer under several coagulation conditions. Experiments were also performed to compare the coagulation efficiency of different mixing type of static mixer which were made using different flow rates and the number of elements equipped in a pipe. The static mixer performed better than the backmixer for all coagulation and mixing conditions tested. Especially, the static mixer was very effective in the surface charge neutralization, as showing higher reduction of negative charge with increasing mixing intensity. However, little difference was observed in the performance of the static mixer equipped with 2, 3, and 5 elements. Also, in a series of bench-scale studies of rapid mixing, the in-line static mixer performed better than the traditional backmixer for both adsorption and charge neutralization (A/N) mechanism and sweep coagulation mechanisms. Especially, the static mixer was more efficient at producing A/N mechanism conditions as a result of its fast and uniform dispersion of the coagulant.

빛의 간섭 구조를 이용한 광 저울 개발

최훈,박경수,이정렬,엄진섭 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究 Vol.24 No.A

In this paper, we proposed an optical balance using a Michelson Interferometer structure. The frequency of the interference signal is changed nonlinearly related with a weight to be measured, and this frequency change is processed by a processor to give a measured weight. Several measurements were performed and the good results were obtained with the fluctuation of about 1g.

만성두통환자에 대한 동서협진의 임상적 연구

정인태,이상훈,김수영,차남현,김건식,이두익,이재동,임사비나,이윤호,최도영 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objective : Because the cause and etiology of chronic headache are not yet fully explained, the treatment of this symptom is not simple. In order to study the effectiveness East-West pain treatment on chronic headache, we evaluated its effect of pain alleviation and quality of life improvement on chronic headache patients who were treated with nerve block and acupuncture, and only acupuncture for eight weeks. Methods : 92 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as chronic headache patients. The qualified patients were classified into two groups, nerve block and acupuncture group(EW group, n=49) and acupuncture group(E group, n=43). Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 8 weeks. The acupoints, GV20, HN23, ST8, HN46, TE17, GB20, LI20, LI11, LI14, ST36, and LR3 were stimulated for 20 minutes. The effects of two groups were analyzed using VAS scores and BPI(Brief Pain Inventory). Results : The VAS and BPI after four weeks of treatment showed significant improvement among two but differences between the three groups was statistically insignificant. The VAS and BPI of the EW group after eight weeks of treatment showed statistically significant improvement compared to the other two groups. Conclusion : The pain treatment for chronic headache might be contributed to improvement of quality of life as well as alleviation of pain of chronic headache patients. It was suggested that the West pain treatment in combination with East pain treatment might be an useful modality to improve the pain and quality of life in chronic headache patients.

만성두통환자에 대한 침치료가 심박변이도에 미치는 영향

정인태,이상훈,김수영,차남현,김건식,이두익,이재동,임사비나,이윤호,최도영 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acupuncture treatment for chronic headache patients using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : 15 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as Chronic Headache patients. Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 8 weeks. The acupoints, GV20, HN23, ST8, HN46, TE17, GB20, LI20, LI11, LI14, ST36, and LR3 were stimulated for 20 minutes. The effects of acupuncture treatment were analyzed using power spectrum analysis of the HRV, HRV was recorded before and after acupuncture treatment. Results : HRV before and after treatment was compared after 8 weeks of acupuncture treatment. Increase in mean values of SDNN and RMSSD were observed but the increases were not statistically significants. Increase in mean values of TP, LF and HF were observed but, the increase was significant(p<0.05) only in TP. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture treatment on chronic headache patients can increase the activity of autonomic nervous system. Further use of HRV for quantitative analysis of acupuncture treatment on autonomic nervous system related symptoms is suggested.

호텔 고객의 뷔페 메뉴품질 만족도에 관한 연구

최수근,이연정,이진형 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

This study aims at providing useful information to establish subdivided marketing direction by deriving factors of significant extent and practicable extent of buffet users toward menu quality among super deluxe hotels in Gyeongju, and furthermore aims at presenting implications for efficient management result and sales increase of buffet in the future. The result of positive analysis is as follows. Firstly, in result of analyzing difference between importance and performance of hotel buffet in Gyungju area, importance is much higher than performance. Secondly, respondents consider that the. most important menu of hotel buffet is main dish such as hot food and instant food rather than menu such as beverage, soup and salad. When it comes to attribute of menu quality, it appeared that respondents put highly significant extent on sanitariness of food, freshness of food, flavor of food, and seasonality and variety of menu. Thirdly, oriental instant food is included in the second quadrant of IPA regarding buffet menu which should be intensively managed. And three attributes such as temperature of food, time of changing food, and creativity of menu are included in the second quadrant of IPA graph by attribute of hotel buffet's menu quality. Lastly, in IPA graph by hotel, the following menus of each hotel need to be intensively managed: Oriental instant food of A hotel, Western cold food of B hotel, Oriental instant food, Western instant food, and Oriental dessert of C hotel, and Western porridge·soup, Oriental instant food, and Western instant food of E hotel. The aforementioned menus should be improved.

건강보험 청구자료를 활용한 응급의료 이용현황

조수진,최윤정,이재호 건강보험심사평가원 2022 HIRA RESEARCH Vol.2 No.1

국내 조혈모세포이식 환자에서 Human Cytomegalovirus gB 유전형의 분포와 질환과의 연관성 : 예비 보고

최수미,김진희,이동건,박선희,최정현,유진홍,박철민,이종욱,민우성,황응수,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.2

목적 : 사람 거대세포바이러스(Human cytomegalovirus, 이하 HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB)는 UL55 유전자에 의해 부호화되는 당단백으로, UL55 유전자의 염기서열변화에 따라 4가지 유전형으로 나뉜다. 본 연구에서는 국내 조혈모세포이식 환자들에서 HCMV gB 유전형의 분포와 그 특성을 알아보고, gB 유전형에 따라 특정 HCMV 질환 발생과 연관이 있는지 그 임상적 의미를 분석해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 동종 조혈모세포이식 환자 52명의 혈액검체 94개에 대해, Chou 등이 제시한 방법에 따라, 먼저 UL55 유전자 부위를 nested PCR로 증폭한 후, RsaI과HinfI으로 Restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : gB type 1은 73.1% (38/52), gB type 2는 13.5%(7/52), gB type 3는 1.9% (1/52), gB type 1과 type 2에 의한 혼합감염은 9.6% (5/52)로 나타났다. gB type 4는 관찰되지 않았다. 1명(1.9%)에서 gB 유전형을 결정할 수 없었는데, RFLP 패턴으로 보아 Trincado 등이 제시한 gB type 7에 해당하는 것으로 생각되었고, 이 새로운 아형에 대해서는 현재 염기서열 분석 중이다. 52명 중 5명(9.6%)에서 HCMV 질환이 발생하였고, 3명에서 HCMV 폐렴, 1명에서 망막염과 위장관염, 나머지 1명에서 망막염이 발생하였다. 5명 중 HCMV 질환과 관련하여 사망한 예는 없었고, 감염된 HCMV는 모두 gB type 1이었다. HCMV gB유전형과 HCMV 질환 발생 사이에 유의한 연관성은 없었고, 단일 주에 의한 감염과 혼합감염에 따른 HCMV 질환발생 사이에도 유의한 연관성은 관찰되지 않았다. 자료 분석 중 gB type 2에 감염되어 있던 환자에서 gB type 1에 재감염 되면서 발열, 간효소 수치 상승 및 pp65 HCMV 항원혈증이 나타난 예가 있었다. 결론 : 연구결과 gB type 1이 아주 우세하고, gB type 4는 검출되지 않았으며, 혼합감염의 빈도가 비교적 낮은 분포를 보였다. 이는 외국의 보고와는 다른 국내 조혈모세포이식 환자에서의 독톡한 감염 양상으로 추정된다. 본 연구에서 HCMV gB 유전형과 질환 발생과의 연관성을 밝힐 수는 없었으나, HCMV 유전형에 대한 연구는 바이러스 감염의 발병기전이나 전파 경로 및 양식과 같은 역학적 연구에 중요한 자료가 될 것이다. 현재 더 많은 수의 조혈모세포이식 환자를 대상으로 연구가 진행 중에 있으며, 앞으로 다른 질환군의 환자나 건강한 잠복 감염자에서의 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein B (gB) is the major envelope glycoprotein, encoded by the UL55 gene. Based on sequence variation in the UL55 gene, HCMV can be classified into four gB genotypes. Previous studies have suggested an association between HCMV gB genotypes and clinical outcome in the immunocompromised hosts. The goal of this study was to determine the distribution of HCMV gB genotypes and the effect of gB genotype in the developement of HCMV diseases in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients in Korea. Materials and Methods : DNA was extracted from 94 blood specimen of 52 allogeneic HSCT recipients with HCMV infection. HCMV gB genotype was determined using polymerase chain reaction to amplify a region of UL55, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis based on RsaI and HinfI digestion. Results : The distribution of gB types were as follows: gB1, 73.1% (38/52) of patients; gB2, 13.5% (7/52); gB3, 1.9% (1/52) and mixed infection (gB1 and gB2), 9.6% (5/52). While gB4 was not detected, a new genotype (described as gB7 by Trincado et al, 2000) was identified on the basis of their RFLP pattern. During average 708 days’ follow up period, HCMV diseases developed in 5 patients. All of them had gB1 genotype. There was no statistically significant association between the incidence of HCMV diseases and the gB genotypes. Re-infection with gB1 strain was detected in one patient who had been previously infected with gB2. This episode was associated with fever, elevated liver enzyme and positive antigenemia. Conclusion : HCMV gB1 was the dominant genotype and no gB4 was detected in allogeneic HSCT recipients in Korea, which is an unique pattern compared with the previous reports. Although we can not find significant association between the HCMV diseases and the gB genotypes, genotyping of HCMV will serve in the study of pathogenesis and transmission of this virus in transplant patients. Further study is underway with large study population.

전문계 고등학교 학생의 진로결정 몰입과 가족변인에 관한 구조방정식 모형

최수정,정철영 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.2