Safety and efficacy of salvage conventional re-irradiation following stereotactic radiosurgery for spine metastases

Marcus A. Florez(Marcus A. Florez ),Brian De(Brian De ),Bhavana V. Chapman(Bhavana V. Chapman ),Anussara Prayongrat(Anussara Prayongrat ),Jonathan G. Thomas(Jonathan G. Thomas ),Thomas H. Beckham(Thom 대한방사선종양학회 2023 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.41 No.1

Purpose: There has been limited work assessing the use of re-irradiation (re-RT) for local failure following stereotactic spinal radiosurgery (SSRS). We reviewed our institutional experience of conventionally-fractionated external beam radiation (cEBRT) for salvage therapy following SSRS local failure. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 54 patients that underwent salvage conventional re-RT at previously SSRS-treated sites. Local control following re-RT was defined as the absence of progression at the treated site as determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Competing risk analysis for local failure was performed using a Fine-Gray model. The median follow-up time was 25 months and median overall survival (OS) was 16 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.8–24.9 months) following cEBRT re-RT. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards analysis revealed Karnofsky performance score prior to re-RT (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93– 0.98; p = 0.003) and time to local failure (HR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–1.00; p = 0.04) were associated with longer OS, while male sex (HR = 3.92; 95% CI, 1.64–9.33; p = 0.002) was associated with shorter OS. Local control at 12 months was 81% (95% CI, 69.3–94.0). Competing risk multivariable regression revealed radioresistant tumors (subhazard ratio [subHR] = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15–0.90; p = 0.028) and epidural disease (subHR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12–0.78; p =0.013) were associated with increased risk of local failure. At 12 months, 91% of patients maintained ambulatory function. Conclusion: Our data suggest that cEBRT following SSRS local failure can be used safely and effectively. Further investigation is needed into optimal patient selection for cEBRT in the retreatment setting.

Response of Key Soil Properties to Predicted Climate Change over the Sydney Region, Australia

Jonathan Gray,Thomas Bishop,Xihua Yang,Greg Chapman 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

LONG PATHS IN THE DISTANCE GRAPH OVER LARGE SUBSETS OF VECTOR SPACES OVER FINITE FIELDS

BENNETT, MICHAEL,CHAPMAN, JEREMY,COVERT, DAVID,HART, DERRICK,IOSEVICH, ALEX,PAKIANATHAN, JONATHAN Korean Mathematical Society 2016 대한수학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Let $E{\subset}{\mathbb{F}}^d_q$, the d-dimensional vector space over the finite field with q elements. Construct a graph, called the distance graph of E, by letting the vertices be the elements of E and connect a pair of vertices corresponding to vectors x, y 2 E by an edge if ${\parallel}x-y{\parallel}:=(x_1-y_1)^2+{\cdots}+(x_d-y_d)^2=1$. We shall prove that the non-overlapping chains of length k, with k in an appropriate range, are uniformly distributed in the sense that the number of these chains equals the statistically correct number, $1{\cdot}{\mid}E{\mid}^{k+1}q^{-k}$ plus a much smaller remainder.

Long paths in the distance graph over large subsets of vector spaces over finite fields

Michael Bennett,Jeremy Chapman,David Covert,Derrick Hart,Alex Iosevich,Jonathan Pakianathan 대한수학회 2016 대한수학회지 Vol.53 No.1

Let $E \subset {\mathbb F}_q^d$, the $d$-dimensional vector space over the finite field with $q$ elements. Construct a graph, called the distance graph of $E$, by letting the vertices be the elements of $E$ and connect a pair of vertices corresponding to vectors $x,y \in E$ by an edge if $||x-y||:={(x_1-y_1)}^2+\dots+{(x_d-y_d)}^2=1$. We shall prove that the non-overlapping chains of length $k$, with $k$ in an appropriate range, are uniformly distributed in the sense that the number of these chains equals the statistically correct number, $1 \cdot {|E|}^{k+1}q^{-k}$ plus a much smaller remainder.

Methylsulfonylmethane and Sesame Seed Oil Improve Dyslipidemia and Modulate Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Two Mouse Models of Diabetes

Cameron V. Fili,Ling Lin,Jonathan Chapman,David Hamilton,Charles R. Yates 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.6

The objective of this study was to identify alterations in lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism in both the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) mouse and the mutant db/db type 2 diabetic (T2D) mouse to establish a biological signature for the evaluation of natural products with purported lipid-altering activity. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to nondiabetic group or STZ-induced diabetic groups (n = 10/group). STZ-induced diabetic mice and 6-week-old male db/db mice (n = 10/group) were randomized to the following groups: (1) diabetic control, no treatment, (2) methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) treatment, (3) sesame seed oil (SSO) treatment, and (4) MSM+SSO combination treatment. Clinical parameters measured included weights, blood glucose, serum lipid panels, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection of free fatty acids in serum, liver, brain, and eyes. Blood glucose significantly decreased after 4 weeks of MSM treatment in T1D mice. Serum PUFA levels were significantly reduced in T2D mice compared with control mice. In contrast, treatment with SSO reversed this effect in T2D mice, exhibiting serum PUFA levels comparable to control mice. Serum triglycerides were significantly increased in both diabetic models compared to nondiabetic control, mimicking diabetes in people. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly increased in T1D receiving MSM+SSO and all T2D treatment groups. A corresponding significant decrease in non-HDL cholesterol was seen in T2D mice in all treatment groups. MSM+SSO treatment's effects on HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and PUFA metabolism could lead to improved clinical outcomes in diabetics by improving the lipid profile.

Encapsulated Islet Transplantation: Strategies and Clinical Trials

Buder, Brian,Alexander, Michael,Krishnan, Rahul,Chapman, David W.,Lakey, Jonathan R.T. The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.6

Encapsulation of tissue has been an area of intense research with a myriad number of therapeutic applications as diverse as cancer, tissue regeneration, and diabetes. In the case of diabetes, transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans containing insulin-producing beta cells has shown promise toward a cure. However, anti-rejection therapy that is needed to sustain the transplanted tissue has numerous adverse effects, and the islets might still be damaged by immune processes. Furthermore, the profound scarcity of healthy human donor organs restricts the availability of islets for transplant. Islet encapsulation allows the protection of this tissue without the use of toxic medications, while also expanding the donor pool to include animal sources. Before the widespread application of this therapy, there are still issues that need to be resolved. There are many materials that can be used, differing shapes and sizes of capsules, and varied sources of islets to name a few variables that need to be considered. In this review, the current options for capsule generation, past animal and human studies, and future directions in this area of research are discussed.

Encapsulated Islet Transplantation: Strategies and Clinical Trials

Brian Buder,Michael Alexander,Rahul Krishnan,David W Chapman,Jonathan RT Lakey 대한면역학회 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.6

Encapsulation of tissue has been an area of intense research with a myriad number of therapeutic applications as diverse as cancer, tissue regeneration, and diabetes. In the case of diabetes, transplantation of pancreatic islets of Langerhans containing insulin-producing beta cells has shown promise toward a cure. However, anti-rejection therapy that is needed to sustain the transplanted tissue has numerous adverse effects, and the islets might still be damaged by immune processes. Furthermore, the profound scarcity of healthy human donor organs restricts the availability of islets for transplant. Islet encapsulation allows the protection of this tissue without the use of toxic medications, while also expanding the donor pool to include animal sources. Before the widespread application of this therapy, there are still issues that need to be resolved. There are many materials that can be used, differing shapes and sizes of capsules, and varied sources of islets to name a few variables that need to be considered. In this review, the current options for capsule generation, past animal and human studies, and future directions in this area of research are discussed.