한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

흰쥐의 방사선 피폭후 생물학적 지표로서의 혈액효소

김진규,김상복,김국찬,천기정,김인규,박효국,이강석 대한방사선 방어학회 1993 방사선방어학회지 Vol.18 No.2

생물학적 선량평가를 위한 생화학적 지표 연구로서 흰쥐 혈액내 효소활성도의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) Alkaline phosphatase 활성도는 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy의 방사선 조사후 24시간까지 혈액내 활성도가 증가하였고 72시간 경과시에는 대조군과 비슷한 활성도를 보였다. Creatine kinase는 2, 4 Gy 방사선 조사후 혈액내에서 활성도에서 활성도가 72시간까지 증가하였으나 0.1, 0.25Gy, 0.5 Gy 방사선 조사시에는 커다란 변화를 보이지 않았다. 2) Malate dehydrogenase 활성도는 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy 방사선 조사시에는 커다란 변화가 없었으며 lactate dehydrogenase는 방사선 조사후 활성도가 감소하였다. 3) GOT의 활성도는 선량률 0.1Gy/min.로 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy 조사후에는 어떠한 변화도 없었으며 선량률 0.5 Gy/sec.로 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy로 조사후에는 증가현상을 보이고 있다. Acid phosphatase 활성도는 상기의 어떠한 선량에서도 나타나지 않고 있다. 잠재적으로 이러한 효소들은 방사선 피폭의 지표물질로 사용될 수 있으며 생화학적 지식과 기술을 이용한 좀더 나은 지표물질을 찾기 위하여 계속적인 조사가 필요하다. Enzyme activity changes in rat blood as biochemical indicator useful for evaluating exposure dose were experimentally studied. The experimental results obtained are as follows: 1) Alkaline phosphatase activities increased in the blood serum until 24 hours after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy irradiation and its activities returned mormal condition after 72 hours of post-irradiation. Creatine kinase activities increased in the blood serum until 72 hours after 2 and 4 Gy irradiation but any significant activity changes were not detected after 0.1, 0.25 Gy irradiation. 2) Malate dehydrogenase activities did not reveal available changes changes after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy irradiation and lactate dehydrogenase activities decreased in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 Gy irradiation. 3) Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity changes were detected in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy(0.1 Gy/min.) and GOT activities increased after 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy(0.5 Gy/sec.). Any acid phosphatase activities were detected in the blood serum after 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2, 4 Gy(0.1 Gy/min.) and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5, 7 Gy(0.5 Gy/sec.) irradiation. Potentially some of these enzymes can be used as indicator protein for radiation injury. Futher investigation is needed to find better biochemical indicatiors utilizing recent knowledge and techniques of biochemistry.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

알콜리즘의 진단과 치료

김진국 서울대학교 의과대학 정신과학교실 1983 精神醫學報 Vol.7 No.10

連續 Slab 構造로 된 合成 Prestressed Concrete I-Beam 道路橋의 最大適用徑間

金炅燦,徐鎭國 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1990 연구보고 Vol.18 No.1

Prestressed concrete highway bridges are often constructed with deck slabs placed continuous over several spans of simply supported precast beams. Composite action for live load arising from such construction enables the economization of the precast beams in the from of reduced section for given spans or extended spans for given sections. This paper calculated the maximum permissible spans for precast beams of standardized sections, and observed that the placement of deck slabs continuous over two and three spans of simply supported precast beams results in the extension of permissible spans by 10∼15% and 8∼13% respectively over simply laid construction, the smaller the percentage for the longer span. An algorithm for the calculation of maximum permissible spans for simple, 2-span and 3-span continuous slab construction is introduced for precast beams of given sections.

Polyimide의 합성을 위한 5,15-bis(mesityl)-10,20-bis(4-amino)porphyrin 및 (5,15-bis(mesityl)-10,20-bis(4-nitro)porphyrin Zinc (Ⅱ)의 합성

김휘성,이민호,이진국 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.53 No.-

최근 많은 관심을 집중시키고 있는 광전자재료용 고분자의 제조를 위해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 광전자재료용 고분자를 연구하는데 있어서 특수한 기능성을 갖는 monomer의 합성이 필수적이며, 이번에 본 연구그룹에서 합성한 porphyrin은 최근 많은 주목을 받고 있으나 고분자로 도입하는 합성방법에 있어 2 관능성을 갖게 만드는데 어려움이 있고 가격이 상당히 비싸 고분자를 전공하는 사람들이 이것을 이용하는데 많은 어려움을 가지고 있었다. 금번 본 연구그룹에서 합성한 방법은 고분자에 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 형태의 porphyrin을 합성하는 방법이고 이것을 ??, UV, GC-MASS 등을 통하여 확인하였으며, 이것을 이용하여 고분자를 중합하고 특수한 기능성을 부여한 신고분자의 합성을 목표로 하고 있다. There have been many researches on the preparation of photonic-electronic polymers. For the preparation of them it is necessary to synthesize materials that have special functionalities. Porphyrins that we synthesized are taken much attention from polymer chemists. But the method of synthesizing porphyrin is very difficult. For polymerization, every monomer has to have two functionalities. But having two functionalities on porphyrin needs high chemistry. It is expensive, too. Our group could synthesize this material with special method, which can be easily applied to polymer backbone. Porphyrin was charactrerized with ??, UV and GC-MASS. Our goal is making new polymers that can be applied to special functionalities-having polymers.

비내시경을 이용한 안와 내벽 골절 정복 2예

김진국,남태욱,임채형,김재영,김정석 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

Traditional surgical approaches to orbital medial wall fractures are either extraocular skin incision or indirect bicoronal flap. However these methods can leave remarkable orbital scar or scalp alopecia with possible complications. Endoscopic intranasal visualization of the medial orbital wall and lamina papyracea is a technique familar to otolaryngologists. This endoscopic view allows confirmation of fracture of medial orbital wall and herniation of orbital contents. Good visualization of the fracture can facilitate the anatomic reduction of orbital contents and the proper placement of orbital implant. Two cases of medial orbital wall fracture repaired by intranasal endoscopy using silastic sheet are reported.

비·부비동 양성 종양의 임상적 고찰

김진국,신향애,임채형,장현종,심대보 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2004 건국의과학학술지 Vol.13 No.-

Background and Objectives: Benign tumors of the nose and paranasal sinues are rare in comparison with malignant growths. Authors aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of benign sino-nasal tumors. Materials and Methods: From 1994 through 2004, 25 cases of benign sino-nasal tumors (17 men and 8 women) were diagnosed and cared at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konkuk University. We reviewed medical records of patients to find out clinical features, radiologic findings, operative findings, therapeutic options, and outcomes. Postoperative observation was given for fifteen months on the average. Results: The most common symptom was nasal obstruction, followed by nasal mass, frequent nasal bleeding, headache, and rhinorrhea, and the mass mainly placed in the lateral nasal wall. There were 12 cases (48%) of inverted papilloma, 4 (16%) cases of squamous papilloma, 4 (16%) cases of hemangioma, 1 (4%) case of pleomorphic adenoma, 1 (4%) case of leiomyoma, 1 (4%) case of lipoma. All the tumors were surgically removed. For the treatment of inverted papilloma, medial maxillectomy had been performed before 1997(2 cases); however, most cases have been managed with endonasal endoscopic technique since 1997. Recurrence was observed in two patients with inverted papilloma and one patients with squamous papilloma. Conclusion: Inverted papilloma is the most common benign tumor in the nose and paranasal sinuses, followed by squamous papilloma and hemangioma. The optimal management of benign tumors is complete excision of tumor and endonasal endoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for an inverted papilloma.

道의 詩學의 定立을 위한 試論

金鎭國 圓光大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

Ⅰ. We need to establish poetics of Tao in order to reveal truely the traditional quality of Korean literature of poetry. Contemporary literary criterary criticism or studies on Korea there are two Kinds of the limit situation. One is the narrowness of positivism, another the abusement of western theories of literature. Now we need to establish the traditional and independent thery of poetry of Korea within the world-literatu. This poetics of Tao synthesizes the oriental traditional poetics and phenomenological pcetics of the west. Poetics of Tao is a kind of the ontological poetics. Therough this poetics we could observe the liner nature of Korean poetry. Ⅱ. Tao is the most essential concept of the oriental religious thoughts confucianism, Zen Buddhism and Taoism. The ultimate goal of life in the orient is to attain the Tao. The religious life is not different from the ordinary life in the oriental thought. Most orient poets would try to experience the Tao and presense it through poetry. Poems raised from that kind of experience is evaluated as the best poem. Moon shim cho rayng ( 文心雕龍) of Yu Hyup(劉(??)) ond Chang rang shi wah (滄浪詩話) of Hwum uh(嚴羽) are the representative works of that kind of literary theory Ⅲ. Poetics of Tao, Which contents the identity between Tao and Poetry, and Zen and poetry, could be more Iogically theorized and extended through Poetics of Hermeutics and ontological criticism of Heidegger, Kayser and Sraiger. Poetics of Tao and phenomenological poetics are identified in the conceptions of lyrical experience. The conception of lyrical experience in poetics of Tao is characterized by returning deeply to the ultimate Being. Tao, and in ontologicd poetics by Erinnerung. These returning and Erinnerung could be recognized as the same meaning. Ⅳ. The poetic Creativity in this poetics of Tao is related the conception of creativity of Taoism, which relates mentally The world and Tao. The relationship between Tao and phenomena is that of inner reflection Tao presents the real world throuth the creation of self by the sponta neous relflection. The sense of reflective creativity conld be identified with the poet's creativity. poets represent the inner experience of the intuitive reflection between self and world. This reflection means the experience of the interjection between the subject and the reality of the object. Ⅴ. In this poetics of Tao the concepts of language of poetry is deeply related with the ideas of language of Romanticism. Though within the thoughts of Taoism and Zenism there are radical rejection of languaage, we could find the negative idea of language, there is, too, the ultimate language Which begins to being with Tao in illo tempore. This ultimate language is the poetic language in poetics of Tao. Assimiately, idea of language of poetry as Energia in Romanticism is related essentially with Logos, Language of God. Ccnclusively remark, we content that language of poetry is related ultimately language of Tao and Logos of God. Ⅵ. Now we could analysis the werk-Immanenz of Kkorean poetry's lyrical aspects through poetics of Tao. The thought of poetics of Tao continueously has flowed from Hayngas and Korean Ballads through shizo to moderm poetry. we could certify the possibility and usefulness through the analysis of Changiparanga and Winter Sky. The interjective mind of Taoism and Zen Buddhism has been the essential aspect of lyricality in Korean Poetr's tradition.

패각류를 함유한 해사 사용 철근콘크리트의 강도특성 및 전단에 관한 실험적 연구

김정섭,조철희,최진석,김민국 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2002 建設技術硏究 Vol.22 No.1

This study makes experimental specimen to examine durability of concrete and structural characteristics of reinforced concrete beams such as shear behavior and destruction according to contents of shells in concrete using sea sand containing river sand and shells (8%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) and age. evaluates its load, deflection, crack and destruction from load increase and ductility capacity and aims a t supplying the data for applying it to actual structures. The results obtained through material test of concrete and static experiment of members using sea sand containing river sand and shells are as follows; 1. As a result of strength test by shell contents, it is found that compressive strength of specimen using sea sand containing 8% of shells is highest and the more shell contents are, its compressive strength is reduced. 2. The compressive-strength of the specimen used sea sand contained shell by 8% was decreased by 7.8% in the specimen of aged 28 days and 4% in one of aged 365 days compared with the river sand one. 3. In the destruction aspect of shear experiment, the early crack was load 4.94∼21.8lkgf/㎠, yield load 26.17∼37.95kgf/㎠, maximum load 37.95∼53.42 kgf/㎠. 4. In shear test of reinforced concrete beam, it is found that specimen using sea sand containing shells has lower ductility capacity than the specimen using river sand and the more shell contents are, crack is occurred in low load and velocity of deflection of members is faster.