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필러 모델과 음소 모델 네트워크를 이용한 비인식 대상 문장 거부
이병혁,하진영 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2005 정보통신논문지 Vol.9 No.-
Non-recognition utterance rejection is very important to improve the confidence of speech recognition system. Research efforts have been made for out-of-vocabulary word rejection. However, little attention has been paid to non-recognition sentence rejection. According to the appearance of pronunciation correction systems using speech recognition technology, it is needed to reject non-recognition sentences to provide users with more accurate and robust results. In this paper, we introduce three recognition network structures - phone-level, word-level, and sentence-level filler model network - using phone models and filler models to implement non-recognition sentence rejection system. We present three types of filler models: VC(Voiced Consonant), C(unvoiced Consonant), and V(Vowel) in the recognition network. Several experiments were performed to select the best network structure. We found that the word-level filler model network outperforms both phone-level model network and sentence-level filler model network. In addition, another experiment has been performed to find an optimal garbage ratio threshold according to the number of words in each target sentence. Experimental results show that we can achieve better performance using a length dependent threshold than using a constant threshold in terms of the average of FAR and FRR.
신혁수, 김동범, 박진근, 이인환, 조해용 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2013 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.2
A valve spring retainer is a small disc and located at intake and exhaust valve stem of engine. The retainer supports a valve spring and transmits spring force to a valve. Force is applied to the retainer repeatedly by a rocker arm. Durability of the retainer is an important factor of performance. Weight of retainer affect dynamic performance of engine. Therefore, optimal strength and weight of the retainer design are needed. In this study, stress distribution and fracture load of retainer were analyzed by using FEM to design optimal strength and weight. Static load test was simulated by using commercial FEM code DEFORM-3D. Shapes of the retainer to reduce weight were designed and analyzed to verify validity of it. Simulated results and experimental ones were compared
김진환,이우태,김종혁 全南大學校 觸媒硏究所 1996 觸媒硏究 論文集 Vol.18 No.-
Composite membranes containing a metal complex as an oxygen carrier were prepared and tested for the capability of oxygen enrichment. The permeability characteristics of the membrane were measured by the volumetric method with the pressure difference ranging from 0.2 to 0.8Kg/cm². Both oxygen and nitrogen showed constant permeabilities, diffusion coefficients, and solubilities which do not depend on the pressure difference across the membrane. The metal complexes were also found to play a role of nitrogen carrier to a degree. For the case of the silicone membrane with Co(NO₃)₂.6H₂O complex, the permeability and the separation factor of oxygen were significantly improved to ??/cm³·cm/cm²·sec·cm-Hg and 2.7 respectively, at the pressure difference of 0.4Kg/cm². This improvement was attributed to the metal complex which acts as an oxygen carrier and thus increases the solubility of oxygen in the membrane.
김형진,이지영,권혁윤 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.1
This study was carried out to evaluate the application possibility of UF Membrane System to papermaking industry in order to optimize the recycling of white water. In this study, for the efficiency test of UF modules, the MWCO(molecular weight cut-off) of the membrane was estimated by the COD measurement from UF filtrate water. From the rejection rate of membrane, three kinds of UF module were selected and evaluated in the factors of COD, SS, turbidity and flow rate.
Lee, Hyeok-Won,Park, Jung-Ho,Lee, Hee-Suk,Kim, Chun-Suk,Lee, Jin-Gyeom,Kim, Won-kyo,Ryu, Kyoung-Hwa,Ahn, Jung-Oh,Lee, Eun-Gyo,Kim, Seon-Won,Jeon, Jong-Min,Yang, Yung-Hun,Choi, Eui-Sung,Lee, Hong-Weon Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan 2019 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol. No.
<P>Many volatile compounds, such as isoprene, a precursor used in the synthesis of natural rubber, have been produced through fermentation using genetically engineered microorganisms. Despite this biotechnological success, measuring the concentrations of volatile compounds during fermentation is difficult because of their high volatility. In current systems, off-line analytical methods usually lead to product loss, whereas on-line methods raise the production cost due to the requirement of complex devices. Here, we developed a novel on-line gas chromatography (GC)-based system for analyzing the concentration of isoprene with the aim to minimize the cost and requirement for devices as compared to current strategies. In this system, a programmable logic controller is used to combine conventional GC with a syringe pump module (SPM) directly connected to the exhaust pipe of the fermentor, and isoprene-containing samples are continuously pumped from the SPM into the GC using an air cylinder recycle stream. We showed that this novel system enables isoprene analysis during fermentation with convenient equipment and without the requirement of an expensive desorption tube. Furthermore, this system may be extended to the detection of other volatile organic compounds in fermentation or chemical processes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This system analyzes the concentration of isoprene in aerobic fermentation. </LI> <LI> PLC is used to combine conventional GC with SPM directly connected to fermenter. </LI> <LI> Produced isoprene is continuously analyzed using the GC. </LI> <LI> This system may be extended to the detection of other volatile organic compounds. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Lee, Hui-Young,Cho, Sun-A,Lee, In-Soo,Park, Jong-Hwan,Seok, Seung-Hyeok,Baek, Min-Won,Kim, Dong-Jae,Lee, Seok-Ho,Hur, Sook-Jin,Ban, Sang-Ja,Lee, Yoo-Kyoung,Han, Yang-Keum,Cho, Young-Keun,Park, Jae-Hak Oxford University Press 2007 FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Vol.51 No.2
<P>The attenuation and immunoenhancing effects of rpoS and phoPSalmonella enterica serovar strain Typhi (Salmonella typhi) mutants have not been compared. Here, three S. typhi deletion mutants (phoP, rpoS, and rpoS-phoP double mutant) are constructed and these mutants are characterized with respect to invasiveness, virulence, and protective immune response compared with wild-type Ty2. It was found that phoP and phoP-rpoS deletion mutants are less invasive to HT-29 cells than the wild-type Ty2 and the rpoS single-deleted strain. The LD(50) of immunized mice was higher for phoP than for rpoS mutants, and the highest for the phoP-rpoS double mutant. In addition, all S. typhi mutants showed an increase in the specific serum IgG levels and T-cell-mediated immunity, and showed equal protection abilities against a wild-type Ty2 challenge after two rounds of immunization in BALB/c mice. It is concluded that phoP genes appear to play a more important role than rpoS genes in both cellular invasion and virulence of S. typhi, but not in immunogenicity in mice. Furthermore, the data indicate that the phoP-rpoS double mutant may show promise as a candidate for an attenuated typhoid vaccine.</P>