커뮤니티공간으로서의 어린이공원 조성에 관한 연구

김연금,김성주,박환지,유다희,최성용,홍승모,Kim, Yun-Geum,Kim, Seong-Joo,Park, Hwan-Ji,Yu, Da-Hee,Choi, Sung-Young,Hong, Seung-Mo 한국조경학회 2008 한국조경학회지 Vol.35 No.6

This study deals with the participatory design process of renovating a children's park. The process should proceed with two major elements. Firstly, the children's park should be designed from the perspective of children. Secondly, it should be designed in consideration of the context of the community. This study is divided into two parts. First is the review of theory concerning the meaning and roles of the children's park as a community space, the importance of children's participation in the design and the participatory method of the children. The second is the case study. The site for the case study is Ssial Park in Nowon-Gu, Seoul. The entire process of the case study is with community participation, from identifying the park's problems to the actual construction. At every step, through the participatory programs, the community participates in the decision making. In addition, mutual understanding among participants is pursued through diverse means of communication. The following results of the case study were found. Firstly, diverse participatory programs and the active trial to enable the community to communicate contribute to the sense of ownership and responsibility concerning the park Secondly, the community can negotiate the differences in opinions without needing the help of experts. Of course, there are limits in the case study, such as the fact that the community organization, which is the core of communication and maintenance concerning the park, is not organized through the process of a case study. Another is that more diverse methods, which inform all community members of the participatory process, should have been used.

Dexamethasone induces the expression of LRRK2 and α-synuclein, two genes that when mutated cause Parkinson`s disease in an autosomal dominant manner

( Ji Min Park ),( Dong Hwan Ho ),( Hye Jin Yun ),( Hye Jung Kim ),( Chan Hong Lee ),( Sung Woo Park ),( Young Hoon Kim ),( Il Hong Son ),( Won Gi Seol ) 생화학분자생물학회 2013 BMB Reports Vol.46 No.9

LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) has been identified as a gene corresponding to PARK8, an autosomal-dominant gene for familial Parkinson`s disease (PD). LRRK2 pathogenicspecific mutants induce neurotoxicity and shorten neurites. To elucidate the mechanism underlying LRRK2 expression, we constructed the LRRK2-promoter-luciferase reporter and used it for promoter analysis. We found that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivated LRRK2 in a ligand-dependent manner. Using quantitative RT-PCR and Western analysis, we further showed that treatment with dexamethasone, a synthetic GR ligand, induced LRRK2 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels, in dopaminergic MN9D cells. Dexamethasone treatment also increased expression of α-synuclein, another PD causative gene, and enhanced transactivation of the α-synuclein promoter-luciferase reporter. In addition, dexamethasone treatment to MN9D cells weakly induced cytotoxicity based on an LDH assay. Because glucocorticoid hormones are secreted in response to stress, our data suggest that stress might be a related factor in the pathogenesis of PD. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(9): 454-459]

RAW264.7 세포에서 interferon-r 및 LPS에 의해 유도되는 NO생성에 미치는 TALT-35의 영향

박종일,박경석,김종석,박지훈,윤은진,송경섭,서강식,김훈,윤완희,박승길,임규,황병두 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2006 생물공학연구지 Vol.12 No.-

TALP-35 purified from human term placenta is known to increase microtubule polymerization and stabilize the polymerized microtubule. To examine the effect of TALP-35 on immune system this study was performed. MTT assay was performed to investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. TALP-35 dose dependently suppress the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells at high concentration (above 1 μM) in unstimulated cells, in case of 10 μM TALP-35 treated cells the suppression was 25% but in stimulated cells it was only 15%. Cosedimentation assay was carried out to investigate whether TALP-35 can bind to tubulin of RAW264.7, monocyte/macrophage lineage of mouse, and polymerize it. TALP-35 polymerize the tubulin of RAW264.7 cells and sedimented in dose-dependent manner. To investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the expression of iNOS protein western blotting was performed. The expression level of iNOS was decreased dose dependently in high concentration of TALP-35 treatment. To examine the activity of iNOS, secreted NO was determined by method based on Griess reaction. Interferon-γ and LPS-stimulated production of NO from RAW264.7 cells was decreased dose dependently above 0.1 μM concentration of TALP-35 and 50% is decreased at 10μM of it. This study shows TALP-35 can control cytokine induced-iNOS expression therefore it might control inflammatory diseases.

Elevated TRAF2/6 expression in Parkinson's disease is caused by the loss of Parkin E3 ligase activity.

Chung, Ji-Yun,Park, Hee Ra,Lee, Su-Jin,Lee, Sun-Hye,Kim, Jin Sik,Jung, Youn-Sang,Hwang, Sang Hyun,Ha, Nam-Chul,Seol, Won-Gi,Lee, Jaewon,Park, Bum-Joon United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology [e 2013 Laboratory investigation Vol.93 No.6

<P>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease, and is known to be induced by environmental factors or genetic mutations. Among the verified genetic mutations of PD, Parkin, isolated from the PARK2 locus, shows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and is known to be an E3 ligase. However, the physiological target of Parkin and the molecular mechanism of Parkin-deficiency-induced PD have not been clearly demonstrated until now. It has recently been proposed that inflammation, suggesting as a causal factor for PD, is enhanced by Parkin deficiency. Thus, we examined the relationship between inflammation-related factors and Parkin. Here, we provide the evidence that Parkin suppresses inflammation and cytokine-induced cell death by promoting the proteasomal degradation of TRAF2/6 (TNF-α receptor-associated factor 2/6). Overexpression of Parkin can reduce the half-lives of TRAF2 and TRAF6, whereas si-Parkin can extend them. However, mutant Parkins did not alter the expression of TRAF2/6. Thus, loss of Parkin enhances sensitivity to TNF-α- or IL-1β-induced JNK activation and NF-κB activation. Indeed, si-Parkin-induced apoptosis is suppressed by the knockdown of TRAF6 or TRAF2. We also observed elevated expression levels of TRAF6 and a reduction of IκB in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mouse model. Moreover, elevated expression levels or aggregation of TRAF6 were detected in approximately half of the human PD tissues (7/15 cases) and 2 cases, respectively. In addition, TRAF6 and Parkin expression levels show a reverse relationship in human PD tissues. Our results strongly suggest that the reduction of Parkin or overexpression of TRAF2/6 by chronic inflammation would be the reason for occurrence of PD.</P>

서울 시내 4년제 남자 대학생의 우울과 흡연량, 흡연기간, 니코틴 의존도와의 관계

박지영,박소영,이미숙,백수진,신의경,예혜련,오승진,장윤정,조혜진,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

Background: With reports on the relation between smoking and depression appearing since 1980, it has become clear that depression is one of the psychodynamics of smoking, though there has been little or no progress made in the study of whether or not there is indeed a relation between depression and nicotine dependence. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of depression on the amount and period of smoking and nicotine dependence among university man student smokers. Method: In periodical examination between 14 and 21, May, 2003, using 170 university male. The CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) Scale and the FTQ(Fagerstrom Tolerance Qustionnaire) were utilized to measure the level of depression and nicotine dependency. The amount of smoking was calculated based on the number of cigarette used. Result: Results indicated that depression had something to do with amount of smoking. Nicotine dependence also was related to depression but total value was relatively low. finally the period of smoking had nothing to do with depression. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the amount of smoking of university man student smokers was very high. Both the amount of smoking and nicotine dependence were affected by levels of depression. Accordingly psychiatric nursing access such as emotional support is needed to manage depression and decrease smoking.

갑상선결절의 임상 및 초음차소견의 진단적 가치

박거운,박철진,박일구,신지혜,정중화,배학연,김상용 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.2

Backgrounds: Thyroid nodule have been relatively common disease and it's prevalence estimated about 4-7%. Recently, high resolution ultrasonography has made the detection of small thyroid nodule possible, Increases in the detection of thyroid nodule have created a clinical dilemma on how to properly manage such thyroid nodules. We investigated the prevalence, clinical and ultrasonographic characterristics, and optimal diagnostic approach toward detected benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods: A retrosepctive review was undertaken on the 372 patients who was done Ultrasonograpy guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in Chosun University Hospital, Gwang-Ju, Korea between July 2003 and Spring 2005. Devided into four group such as benign and malignant thyroid nodule on the basis of size 1.5Cm. The review consisted of thyroid function test, antithyroid antibodies, thyroid autoantibodies, thyroid ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration biopsy in each group. Results: The prevalence of thyroid nodule malignancy rate was 18.0%. The prevalence of thyroid incidentaloma malignanct rate was 17.5%. There were no significant differences in age, sex, thyroid function test and size between the benign, malignant incidentalomas and nodule. Ultrasonographic characteristics, include ultrasonography index point showed meaningful diagnostic value for the detection of malignancy in thyroid nodule, Conclusion: Thyroid cancers are fairly common finding. There are no clinical difference between benign and malignant thyroid nodule; however, ultrasonographic findings can be used to decision of optimal management strategies 배경: 최근갑상선 초음파의 빈번한 시행으로 갑상선 결절의 발견이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 갑상선 결절중 특히 갑상션우연종을 임상적으로 어떻게 접근하고 치료를해야하는지는 적지 않는 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 갑상선 우연종 및 직경 1.5 cm 이상의 갑상션결절의 유병률, 임상적 특징, 초음파특정 및 초음파의 진단적 유용성에 대해 알아 보았다. 방법: 2003년 7윌부터 2005년 3월까지 조선 대학교병원 내과 및 일반외과및 건강검진 센터를 통해 갑상선 초음파, 경동맥 초음파 및 경부 CT등을 통해 우연히 발견된 갑상션결절을 가진 372명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 크기 1.5 cm 미만의 양성및 악성 갑상선 결절군과 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성결절로 그룹을 나누고 각 군에서 나이, 성별, 갑상선 기능검사, 항갑상선 항체, 갑상선 초음파 및 미세침흡인세포검사등을 검토하였고, 모든 갑상선 결절에 Koike (6)가 제한한 초음파지표 점수(Ultrasonographie index point)를 부여하여 각 군을 비교하였다. 결과: 분석한 갑상선 결절 372예 중 악성결절의 유병율은 18.0% (67예)였다. 갑상선 우연 종의 유병율은 81.5% (303예)였다. 갑상선 우연 종에서의 악성률은 17.5% (53예)로 나왔다. 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성 갑상선 결절과 양성 및 악성 갑상선 우연종에서 나이, 성별, 갑상선 기능검사, 항갑상선항체에는 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 또한 양성 및 악성우연종에서 의 갑상선 결절크기에도 의미있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 갑상선 결절의 초음파 지표점수만이 양성 및 악성우연종과 양성 및 악성갑상선 결절의 감별에 의미있는 차이를 보였다. 갑상 선우연종과 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 갑상선 결절에 서 양성을 나타내는 초음파지표점수는 각각 3 점과 4점으로 다르게 나타났다. 양성 및 악성 갑상선우연종의 감별에서 초음파 지표점수의 민감도는 93.6%, 특이도는 52.8%, 양성예측율은 92.4%로 나왔고, 진단적 효율은 86.4% 였으며 크기 1.5 cm 이상의 양성 및 악성 갑상선 결정의 감별에서 초음파지수 민감도는 92.7%, 특이도가 42.9%, 양성 예측도 86%, 효율 82.6%를 보였다. 결론: 갑상선결절에서의 양성 및 악성의 유무는 임상적으로 판단하기 힘들지만 갑상선 결절에서의 초음파 소견 및 초음파 지표 점수를 도입하면 이에 대한 감별에 도움을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 갑상선 초음파검사시 초음파지표점수의 사용은 향후 갑상선 결절의 진단 방향을 제시하는 중요한 길잡이가 될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

쌓기 활동에서 유아들의 친 사회적 행동 출현에 대한 맥락적 이해

박화윤,마지순,최재숙 한국영유아보육학회 2002 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.31

The purpose of this ethnographic study is to explore the emergent context of prosocial behavior and to find the children's character promoting of prosocial that within the area of block. The result are as follows: 1) It appeared that emergent context of prosocial; behavior is completion of structures, participation of symbolic play using them and clean-up. 2) It appeared that children's character promoting prosocial behavior that appearence of altruism by children's perspective-taking, exchage of idea and problem-solving.

반복적 경두부 자기자극이 운동학습과 뇌 운동영역 활성화에 미치는 영향 : 예비연구

박지원,김종만,김연희 한국전문물리치료학회 2003 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.10 No.3

Apolipoprotein E 다형성에 따른 사업장 근로자의 혈중 지질농도, 영양소 섭취 및 건강관련 생활습관

박유경,조상운,강지연,백윤미,성숙희,최태인 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association among nutrient intakes and health-related lifestyles with cardiovascular disease risk assessed by blood lipid profile according to Apolipoprotein E genotypes. Middle-aged industrial male workers who had completed their annual medical examination were recruited and data of 675 subjects who finished the nutrient survey were used in the analysis. Anthropometric parameters, dietary assessment (FFQ), health-related lifestyles and blood profiles were used for statistical analyses. Apo E genotype groups were classified into the following three genotypes: Apo E2 group (including E2/E2, E2/E3, E2/E4), Apo E3 group (including E3/E3), Apo E4 group (including E3/E4, E4/E4). The frequency of Apo E2, E3, and E4 allele were 13.3%, 75.0% and 11.7% respectively. There were no significant differences in the anthropometric parameters depending on different Apo E genotypes. Also, no significant differences in the nutrient intakes were found according to the genotype groups. The nutrient intakes of all subjects were similar to or higher than the level of KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans) except for intakes of calcium (67.44% of KDRIs), vitamin A (73.83% of KDRIs) and vitamin B2 (78.02% of KDRIs). Also, there were no significant differences of health-related lifestyles according to Apo E genotype groups. As for the lipid profiles, Apo E4 group had significantly higher total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations than the Apo E2 group (p < 0.05). We confirmed that plasma total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were greatly influenced by Apo E genotypes. However, nutrient intakes and health-related lifestyles were not associated with Apo E genotypes.

편측 협응훈련에 의한 운동신경망의 재조직 및 교차훈련의 효과

박지원,김종만,서정환,김연희 한국전문물리치료학회 2002 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.9 No.3

We report the reorganization of motor network resulted from intensive unilateral coordination training and the effect of cross education on the untrained side in patient with traumatic brain injury using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A 22 year-old male patient who had suffered from diffuse axonal injury for 58 months showed coordination deficit in the left hand at initial examination. Intensive motor training including complex finger movements and coordination activities using a metronome was introduced to the patient 4 hours per day for a week. FMRI was performed on a 3T ISOL Forte scanner. All functional images were analyzed using SPM-99 software. Hand function was improved after training not only in the trained lefr hand, but also in the untrained right hand. There was no activation in the right primary motor area (M1) during left hand movement before training whereas robust activation of left M1 was demonstrated by the right hand movement. Profuse activation of bilateral prefrontal lobes was seen during both hand movements before training. After training of left hand, right M1 became prominently activated during the left hand motion. The activation of bilateral prefrontal lobes disappeared after training not only for the left hand movement but also for the right, which clearly demonstrated the effect of cross education. This case report demonstrated the learning-dependent reorganization of the M1 and the effect of cross education.