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만삭 전 조기양막파수 임산부에서의 CRP 측정에 관한 연구
장호성,박학열,이흥관,채진호,신해수,박준철 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.7
1996년 6월 1일부터 1996년 12월 31일까지 7개월간 대구 파티마병원 산부인과에 입원한 임신 24주에서 36주 사이의 조기양막파수 임산부 70예를 실험군으로, 같은 재태 기간의 임산부 20예를 대조군으로 하여 만삭전 조기양막파수 임산부에서의 CRP 측정의 의의를 조사하여, 연구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 조기양막 파수군에서는 CRP 음성이 74.3% CRP 양성이 25.7%, 대조군에서는 CRP 음성이 95% CRP 양성이 5%로 나타났다. 2. 연령, 분만 횟수, 내원시 임신 주수에서는 group I, group II와 대조군 사이의 유의한 차이가 없었으나, Bishop score에서는 group I 5.5±1.6, group II 6.6±1.7 로 서 두군 모두에서 대조군 3.6±1.0보다 유의하게 높았다. 3. 입원 당시 임산부 혈색소치는 group II에서만 10.6 ±1.3 g/dl로 대조군 11.8±1.1g/dl 보다 유의하게 낮았으며, 백혈구 수치는 group I 11,417.1±2,419.0/ mm3, group II 14,016.7±3,077.1/mm3로 대조군 10,484.5±1,827.2/mm3 보다 모두 유의하게 높게 측정되었다. 4. 임신 지연기간 또한 group I 12.8±10.3일, group II 6.8±7.2일로 대조군의 54.8±17.0일보다 모두 유의하게 짧았다. 5. 분만 형태로는 조기양막파수군에서 질식분만 77.1%, 제왕절개분만 22.9%이었고, 대조군에서는 질식분 만 85%, 제왕절개분만이 15%이었다. 6. 신생아 평균체중은 group I, group II에서 각각 2,245.8±451.6 g, 2,017.8±558.0 g으로 대조군 3,332.0± 394.8 g에 비해 모두 유의하게 적었으며, 분만시 Apgar 점수에서도 1분 Apgar점수는 group I, group II 모두 대조 군보다 낮았지만, 5분 Apgar 점수는 CRP 양성인 group II 에서만 대조군보다 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 주산기 이환 및 사망률은 group I이 9.62%, 7.69%, group II가 22.2%, 16.7%로 대조군의 5%, 0%보다 유의하 게 높았다. 7. CRP의 융모양막염의 진단에 있어서의 민감도 및 특이도는 각각 83%, 80%이었다. Objective: To evaluate the role of C-reactive protein as a predictor of infectious morbidity with premature rupture of membranes. Study Design: The study group was comprised of seventy patients who presented to the Taegu Fatima Hospital between 24∼36 gestational weeks who had a diagnosis of ruptured membranes. The study group underwent assay of C-reactive protein in the maternal serum, and divided into two groups by the results of CRP, that is 52 cases of CRP negative PROM patients (group I), 18 cases of CRP positive PROM patients (group II), and 20 cases of intact membranes women as a control group. Outcome measures were the occurrence of preterm delivery, the admission-to-delivery interval, maternal characteristics, fetal body weight, 1min & 5min Apgar score, perinatal morbidity and mortality etc. Statistical analyses were performed by means of ANOVA test and Dunnett`s T-test. Results: 1. The prevalence of positive C-reactive protein in premature rupture of membranes was 74.3%. 2. There were no significant differences of age, parity, gestational weeks at admission between group I, II and control group. 3. White blood cell count of group I, II were significantly higher than that of control group. 4. The delay of time from admission to delivery in group I, II were significantly shorter than that of control group. 5. In perinatal outcomes, the mean birth weight, 1 min/5 min Apgar score of group I, II were significantly lower than those of control group, and perinatal morbidity and mortality of group I, II were significantly higher than those of control group. 6. Chorioamnionitis was found in 6 cases of premature rupture of membranes and the sensitivity and specificity of CRP as a test to predict of pathological placental infection were 83% and 80%. Conclusion: C-reactive protein level is a very sensitive predictor of infectious morbidity in premature rupture of membranes.
Jang, YH,Sim, JH,Kang, HY,Kim, YC,Lee, E‐,S Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Vol.25 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background </B> There is a granulomatous variant which is recognized in the rosacea spectrum. However, the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in rosacea has not been clearly demonstrated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for recruitment of inflammatory cells and for tissue remodelling, making way for the development of well‐organized granuloma.</P><P><B>Objective </B> The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, TGF‐β type II receptor (TβRII), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, MMP‐1, 2 and 9 in the granulomatous rosacea (GR) compared with the non‐granulomatous rosacea (NGR) and test the hypothesis that the changes of these profiles in GR would be related with chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐exposure.</P><P><B>Methods </B> Facial skin samples were obtained from 20 patients with GR and NGR (control group). The sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff’s elastic stain, and antibodies to TGF‐β, TβRII, TNF‐α, MMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐9.</P><P><B>Results </B> The amount of elastotic material was significantly increased in the dermis of GR lesions. Expression of TGF‐β was significantly decreased in the epidermis of GR lesions compared with NGR lesions. In addition, the expression of MMP‐9 was significantly increased in the dermis of GR lesions compared with NGR lesions, especially at the centre of the granuloma on a semi‐quantitative analysis. MMP‐2 expression was also increased in GR lesions, although the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.</P><P><B>Conclusions </B> The results of this study suggest that the increased expression of MMPs in the dermis may participate in granuloma formation of GR in association with UVR.</P>
‘신고’ 배의 화아 형태가 체와부돌출과 발생에 미치는 영향
최장전(Jang Jeon Choi),한점화(Jeom-Hwa Han),최진호(Jin-Ho Choi),홍경희(Kyung-Hy Hong),정상복(Sang-Book Jeong),김월수(Wol-Soo Kim),이상현(Sang-Hyun Lee) 한국원예학회 2007 원예과학기술지 Vol.25 No.2
본 연구는 배 주요재배 품종인 ‘신고’의 과실에서 체와부가 발달하여 과형이 불량하게 됨으로써 외관품질이 저하되는 체와부돌출과에 대한 재배과정에서의 발생요인을 구명하고 발생억제를 위한 재배기술을 개발하기 위하여 수행하였다. 단과지 화아 중에서 쌍화아는 단화아보다 무게 및 횡경이 크고 형태가 불균일하였으며, 과대직경도 컸다. 유체과의 발생은 쌍화아의 부화총에 착과되었을 때 많았는데, 부화총에서의 유체과는 1번, 2번, 3번과 순으로 발생이 많았다. 화아종류별 무기성분 중에서 N 함량은 쌍화아가 단화아보다 높았으나 P, K, Ca 함량은 쌍화아가 단화아보다 낮았다. 화아내의 식물호르몬 중에서 IAA, t-zeatin 및 ABA 함량은 쌍화아가 단화아보다 낮았는데, IAA 함량 변화는 개화기로 갈수록 단화아와 쌍화아 모두에서 증가하였으나 쌍화아의 t-zeatin 함량은 일정한 수준으로 유지되었고 ABA 함량은 감소하는 경향이었다. 이러한 식물호르몬 함량의 차이와 변화는 개화ㆍ수정 이후에도 유과의 유체과 발생에 직ㆍ간접적인 영향을 주는 것으로 추정되었다. 쌍화아의 부화총에 착과되면 유체과의 발생이 많아 체와부돌출과로 이어지므로 사전에 전정할 때의 쌍화아의 제거, 개화기 전후의 부화 총의 적뢰 및 적화, 유체과의 적과 등은 체와부돌출과의 발생을 억제할 수 있는 방법이다. This study was carried out to inquire the factor related to the development of calyx perpetual fruit, which made fruit shape deformed and fruit quality worse, and to make a cultivation techniques inhibiting it. The changes of tree growth and the development of calyx perpetual fruit were investigated with spur flower types. In twin flower bud, which was heavier and bigger widely, calyx perpetual fruit production was higher than in single flower bud. Especially, calyx perpetual fruit production was more severe in fruits set on sub-flower cluster of twin flower bud. In mineral contents of flower bud, twin flower bud showed higher nitrogen content and lower phosphorous, potassium, calcium content than single flower bud. IAA, t-zeatin and ABA contents in bud from 110 to 7 days after full bloom were higher in twin flower bud than single flower bud. IAA content was increased, t-zeatin content was constant, and ABA content was decreased up to full bloom in both buds. Consequently, the change and difference of plant hormone affects on budding, flowering, further more calyx perpetual fruitlet production.