Bupivacaine과 ropivacaine이 Xenopus oocyte에 발현된 HERG 전류에 미치는 영향

김국성,이규승,김효신,손숙진,이상도,김광진,전병화,김윤희,박진봉 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Bupivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic widely used for regional anesthesia. Ropivacaine is developed as a less cardiotoxic alternatives to bupivacaine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on HERG currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine(3∼1,000μM) blocked HERG currents in a concentration dependent manner. EC_(50) was 26.1±3.1μM(n_(R) 0.65±0.04) and 43.5±7.9μM(n_(H) 0.99±0.13) in bupivacaine and ropivacaine, respectively. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine did not affect the activation and deactivation kinetics of HERG channels. However, the drugs decreased the slope conductance measured from fully activated current-voltage relationship curves. These results suggest that bupivacaine and ropivacaine have a similarinhibitory effect on HERG channels, which could be a possible cellular mechanism of LQT or ventricular arrythmia by the drugs.

정신보건관련시설 입원(소)자의 주요 정신장애 유병률 : 전국 20개 시설의 입원(소)자를 대상으로

조성진,조맹제,서동우,함봉진,홍진표,배재남,이준영,이동우,박종익,전홍진,김성주,김용익 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.6

Objectives : One of the objectives of this study is to estimate the prevalence rates of psychiatric diagnoses in the combined populations of psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric nursing facilities and homeless asylums using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), which is a comprehensive and fully standardized interview schedule to assess psychiatric disorders for diagnosis. The Other objective is to compare with previously studied prevalence rates of Psy-chiatric diagnoses using the results of this study. Methods : The study subjects, aged from 181o 64 years, were randomly selected from 64,582 institutionalized population of psychiatric hospitals, Psychiatric nursing facilities and homeless asylums as of 30, June, 2001. Twelve trained interviewers administered the K-CIDI to the selected respondents. A total of 1,875 respondents (male 1,194, female 681) completed the interview. Results : The lifetime and one year prevalences of any diagnosis excluding nicotine dependence · withdrawal, anxiety disorder, eating disorder, somatoform disorder were 88.2% (male 88.1%, female 88.3%), and 65.8% (male 62.7%, female 73.7%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were 78.5% (male 75.3%, female 83.7%), and 56.8% (male 51.9%, female 64.8%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of alcohol use disorder (dependence/abuse) were 26.7% (male 37.9%, female 8.3%), and 8.7% (male 12.8%, female 2.1%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of mood disorder were 18.1% (male 13.5%, female 25.8%), and 10.4% (male 7.2%,female 16.9%), respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were comparable with the 2001 community survey by 1.19% to 1.32%, and 0.51% to 0.61%, respectively. The lifetime and one year prevalences of schizophrenia were also comparable by 0.16% to 0.28%, and 0.16% to 0.25%, respectively. There were no significant changes of prevalence rates when correction were applied to other psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion : The results of this study could be used for evaluating the distribution of psychiatric diagnoses in mental health related facilities and for planning mental health policies.

한국 주요정신장애의 유병률 및 관련요인 : 2006 전국정신질환역학조사

조맹제,장성만,함봉진,정인원,배안,이영문,안준호,원승희,손정우,홍진표,배재남,이동우,조성진,박종익,이준영,김진영,전홍진,이해우 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.3

Objectives The aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of the DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in the Korean population using the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI), and to compare those with previous studies. Methods The Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study Replication (KECA-R) was Conducted between August 2006 and April 2007. The sampling of the subjects was carried out across 12 catchment areas. A multistage, cluster sampling design was adopted. The target Population included all eligible residents aged 181o 64 years. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the Korean version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (K-CIDI) based on the DSM-IV (N=6,510, response rate=81.7%). Results A total of 6,510 participants completed the interview. The lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates for all types of DSM-IV disorders were 30.0% and 17.3%, respectively. Those of Specific disorders were as follows : 1) alcohol use disorder, 16.2% and 5.6% ; 2) nicotine use disorder, 9.0% and 6.0% ; 3) specific phobia, 3.8% and 3.4% ; 4) major depressive disorder, 5.6% and 2.5% ; and 5) generalized anxiety disorder, 1.6% and 0.8%. Data relating to nicotine and alcohol use disorder revealed a very high male/female ratio. Mood disorder and anxiety disorder were more prevalent among females than males. Conclusion The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was high. In comparison with other studies, remarkable differences in the distribution of psychiatric disorders across the country and times were observed.

저압 MOCVD법에 의한 (100)-GaAs 기판 위의 Ga_xIn(1-x)P 성장과 특성

전성란,손성진,조금재,박순규,김영기 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.17 No.-

x??0.51인 Ga_xIn_(1-x)P 에피층을 저압 MOCVD 성장법으로 TEGa(triethylgallium), TMIn(trimethylindium) 등의 MO(metalorganic) 원료와 PH_3(phosphine)를 사용하여 GaAs(100) 기판 위에 성장하였다. 성장조건에 의한 표면 morphology, 결정결함, 성분비, PL spectra, 운반자 농도와 이동도 및 DLTS spectra와 같은 성장층의 특성을 관찰하였다. 650℃의 성장온도와 V/Ⅲ 비, 즉 TEGa와 TMIn 두 원료의 유량에 대한 PH_3의 유량비가 160∼220일 때 가장 좋은 성장표면을 나타내었다. 성장률은 PH_3의 유량변화에 아무런 영향을 받지 않음을 알 수 있었다. Ga_0.51In_0.49P 에피층과 기판의 격자상수 차에 의한 격자 부정합 Δa_⊥/a_0은 약 (3.7∼8.9)×10 exp (-4)이었으며 실온과 5K에서 에피층의 PL 피크 에너지는 각각 1.85 eV와 1.9 eV였다. 성장층의 운반자 농도와 이동도는 V/Ⅲ 비에 따라 달라지는데 그 비가 120에서 220으로 증가함에 따라 농도는 1.8×10 exp (16) ㎝^-3에서 8.2×10 exp (16) ㎝^-3로 증가하였고 이동도는 1010 ㎝/V·sec에서 366 ㎝/V·sec로 감소하였다. Epitaxial layers of Ga_xIn_(1-x)P with x??0.51 were grown on the GaAs substrates oriented 2℃ off (100) toward <110> by low pressure MOCVD growth technique using triethylgallium (TEGa), trimethylindium (TMIn) and phosphine (PH_3). Surface morphology, crystal defects, composition, photoluminescence spectra, carrier concentration and DLTS spectra of the grown layers were investigated. Good quality epilayers with featureless surface were obtained at growth temperature of 650℃ and V/Ⅲ ratio, i.e., PH_3 flow rate divided by the sum of TEGa and TMIn flow rates, of 160 to 220. The growth rate turned out to have no dependence on phosphine flow rate. The lattice mismatchs Δa_⊥/a_0 between grown Ga_0.51In_0.49P epilayer and GaAs substrate were (3.7∼8.9)×10 exp (-4) and the PL peak energies of the epitaxial layer at room temperature and 5K were 1.85 eV and 1.9 eV, respectively. With increasing V/Ⅲ ratio i.e., phosphine flow rate, from 120 to 220, the carrier density and mobility of undoped epitaxial layers increased from 1.8×10 exp (16) to 8.2×10 exp (16) ㎝^-3 and decreased from 1010 to 366 ㎝/V·sec, respectively.

회맹장 및 대장을 침범한 장 결핵에 있어서 바륨을 이용한 방사선 이중조영촬영 소견에 대한 연구

진용현,전혜정,이용근,강철호,조성범,김윤환,박철민,차상훈,김일영,이혜경 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2002 건국의과학학술지 Vol.12 No.-

To determine the characteristic double contrast barium enema findings of ileo-cecal and colonic tuberculosis and to make differential diagnosis from other bowel inflammatory disease. Sixty-seven patients confirmed as ileo-cecal and/or colonic-tuberculosis in six hospitals were evaluated retrospectively. The diagnosis was proven by endoscopic biopsy, surgery, and clinical follow up. Nine of 67 patients were excluded because radiologic findings were normal though endocopic biopsy examinations resulted in tuberculosis. Histopathological diagnosis were madein 58 cases as follows: endoscopic biopsy(n=29), operation(n=12), follow up examination(n=14), tissue culture(n=1), laparoscopic biopsy(n=2). There were 30 men and 28 females. The mean age were 36 yrs(range:16-67), 34 patients were in the second and third decade. The distribution of lesions, morphological characteristics, mucosal changes, ulcer shape and depth, associated with other tuberculous lesion, multiplicity were retrospectively analyzed in the findngs of double contrast barim enema. The commonest clinical symptoms were abdominal pain(n=35, 60%) and diarrhea(n=18, 31%). The chest radiography revealed association of pulmonary tuberculosis in 39 cases. Tuberculous lesions of other organs except chest were present in five cases. Double contrast barium enema findings showed a thickening and irregularity of intestinal mucosal fold(n=29, 50%), bowel contraction and/or shortening(n=26, 45%). There were small, nodular, superficial ulcers in the case of ulcer depth less than 2 mm in the depth. As many as 39 cases(67%) in this series had two or more lesions in the intestinal tuberculosis. The involved segment revealed symmetrical feature(n=21, 36%). Inflammatory pseudopolypoid lesions were noted in 30 cases(52%). The ileo-cecal region was involved in 38 cases(66%). The ascending colon(n=25, 43%) was the second commonest site with or without contiguous cecal involvement. Lesions in terminal ileum, ileo-cecal valve, transverse colon, descending colon and appendix were seen in 19, 18, 18, 12 and seven cases, respectively. Among 18 cases of ileo-cecal valve lesions, there were incompetency in nine cases(16%) and wide gapping in four cases(7%). In 14 cases, tuberculous enterocolitis was diagnosed by clinical follow-up and double contrast barium enema study. 12 out of 14 cases, the findings of double contrast barium enema of tuberculous enterocolitis were normalized after anti-tuberculous medication. However, two cases showed more aggravated state than before due to inappropriate treatment. Double contrast barium enema plays an important role in the diagnosis of tuberculous enterocolitis, determines the type, site and extent of the involvement and helps in treatment guide by using sequential studies.

반도체레이저의 워셔형 드라이버에 관한 연구

전진우,김호성 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1998 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

자유공간 광통신의 광원으로 사용되는 반도체레이저의 구동을 위한 고성능 전원에 사용될 워셔(washer)형 커패시터를 고안하고 그 동작특성을 실험하였다. 워셔형 커패시터는 안쪽 반지름이 50mm, 바깥쪽 반지름이 250mm이며 초고주파회로에 사용되는 두께 30mm의 copper cladded 기판을 사용하였다. 반도체 레이져와 에너지 저장 커패시터의 임피던스정합을 고려하여 워셔형 커패시터를 설계하여 실험한 결과 rise time 과 fall time이 10ns이하이며 펄스폭이 20ns 이하인 펄스를 만들 수 있었으며 고효율과 고주파 통신이 가능함을 입증하였다. A washer-type capacitor as an energy storage capacitor used in a driver for the semiconductor laser which is a source of a free space optical communication is devised and its operation characteristics is test. The washer-type capacitor is made of 1 mm thick copper cladded substrate and its inner and outer radius is 50 mm and 250 mm, respectively. Its dimension is decided considering the impedance matching between the impedances laser diode and the washer-type capacitor. The experiments show that rising time and falling time is 10 ns and pulse width is 20 ns. It is believed that the driver with this kind of washer-type capacitor can drive the laser diode higher than several tens of MHz with high efficiency.

VS전동기를 대체하기 위한 저가형 VVVF 인버터의 개발

전희종,조성민,윤재식,손진근 崇實大學校 1999 論文集 Vol.29 No.1

VS(Variable Speed)-Motor is speed control method using eddy-current coupling. This method installs eddy-current coupling with constant speed driving Induction Motor and controls rotating speed through a charging change of a excitation current, particularly. VS-Motor is used widely because of simple control and wide speed range. But this method has large losses and low efficiency because of heating as slip drum in low speed region. In cooling, addition of a mechanical devices is difficult and in volume, large space is occupied. Using SCR for control, efficiency of system is low. In case of inverter, though advantage of high efficiency and high performance the price is expensive. Therefore, in this study, we developed low-cost type VVVF(Variable Voltage Variable Frequency) Inverter system for substituting VS-Motor.

선박 의장 배치 설계 검증을 위한 시스템 개발 사례

성낙운,노재정,전진영 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 1998 공학기술연구지 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study is to develop a system for the inspection of the outfitting arrangement design of for a ship design, which will increase the reliability and the efficiency of the inspection process. The system is composed of four major modules; material inspection module at the pipe piece level, material inspection module at the service level, tank-penetrating pipe piece inspection module, and the basic information management module. This system is integrated with a ORACLE database, for transferring and storing 3D CAD data into the inspection system, and a dVISE virtual reality system, for displaying the inspection results.

붕어의 발육 및 생식에 미치는 비소의 영향

남성숙,이철우,류지성,박응로,남규찬,류홍일,전성환,나진균,최덕일,박광식 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.2

To evaluate the arsenic effect of fish endocrine disruption, crucian carp (Carassius auratus) were treated with 0.5 mg/L and 3.0mg/L of As₂O₃ for 14 days and gonadal development was examined by histological analysis. In ovaries from female crucian carps exposed to 3.0mg/L, immature follicles and atretic follicles were appeared while various normal developmental stages of oocytes were shown in control group. Body weight and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of treated carp were also decreased compared to control group. However, no other significant histological changes in liver or kidney were shown in this exposure scheme, This means that reproductive organs are more sensitive than other organs and arsenic may exert endocrine disrupting effect through inhibiting the development of reproductive organ in fish.

한국 일 도시지역 청소년의 우울 증상 유병률과 관련요인에 대한 연구

조성진,전홍진,김무진,김장규,김선욱,류인균,조맹제 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구 목적 : 한국의 일 도시지역에 거주하는 청소년의 우울 증상의 유병률과 관련요인을 밝힘으로써 청소년 정신건강 증진을 위한 기초 자료를 수집하기 위하여 실시되었다. 방 법 : 연구 대상은 부천시에 거주하는 중학교나 고등학교에 재학중인 청소년 71,102명 가운데에서 무작위 집락 표본 추출법에 의해 선정된 2,203명이었으며, 이들에 대해서 CES-D(the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale)와 사회인구학적 정보에 대한 문항이 들어 있는 설문을 실시하였다. 설문은 직접 학교를 방문하여 수행하였다. 선정된 2,203명의 청소년 가운데에 CES-D문항을 완성한 학생은 1,972명으로 반응률은 89.5%였다. 결 과 : 1) CES-D의 절단점을 16점으로 하여 계산한 '가능한' 우울 증상의 유병률은 중학생의 경우에 남학생 34.6%, 여학생 44.7%였으며, 고등학생의 경우에는 남학생 43.8%, 여학생 49.6%였다. 2) CES-D의 절단점을 25점으로 하여 계산한 '명확한' 우울증 증상의 유별률은 중학생의 경우에 남학생 18.4%, 여학생 20.7%였으며, 고등학생의 경우에는 남학생 21.4%, 여학생 23.9%였다. 3)종교, 인문계와 실업계의 여부에 따라서 우울 증상의 유병률에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 성,학년, 생활수준에 대한 자신의 평가, 가족의 구조, 성적에 대한 만족도의 다섯 가지 변수에 대해 CES-D점수가 16점 이상인 우울 증상의 유무에 따라서 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 시행하였을 때 성적에 대해 불만적 하는 군에서 매우 만족하는 군에 비해서 8.850배의 상대 위험도를 보였다. 생활 수준을 중하정도라고 대답한 군은 상이라고 대답한 군에 비해서 2.007배의 상대 위험도를 보였다. 여학생은 남학생에 비해서 1.307배의 상대 위험도를 보였다. 5) 우울 증상에 있어서 남학생과 여학생의 비율은 전체 군에서 1:1.38이며 중학생의 경우에는 1:1.88, 고등학생의 경우에는 1:1.13으로 나타났다. 고등학생에 있어 남학생의 우울 증상이 증가하는 것은 학업과 입시에 대한 부담과 관련된 것으로 생각되었다. 결 론 : 한국 일 도시거주 중고등학생에서 CES-D로 측정한 우울 증상은 남학생의 34.3%, 여학생의 47.5%에서 나타날 정도로 흔하다. 특히 학업 성적에 대해 불만족 하는 군에서 높은 우울 증상의 상대 위험률을 보이며, 고등학생에서 남학생의 우울증의 유병률이 높아지는 것은 이 지역 학생들이 학업에 대한 높은 부담을 가지고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이들에 대한 특별한 관심이 요구된다. Objective : We tried to see the prevalence and correlates of symptoms of depression in an adolescent population in Korea, and collected the basal data for mental health promotion of adolescents. Method : We sampled 2,203 adolescents among 71,102 adolescents living in Puchon City in Korea by the randomized clustered sampling method. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale(CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms. The measurements were conducted through visiting schools. Of the 2,203 adolescents(aged 13 to 18) who were sampled, 1,972 persons completed CES-D and sociodemographic questions. The response rate was 89.5%. Result : 1) The prevalence rate of 'probable' depressive symptoms with cutoff point 16 was 34.3% in the boys and 47.5% in the girls. 2) The prevalence rate of 'definite' depression symptoms with cutoff point 25 was 17.4% in the boys and 20.6% in the girls. 3) We could not find any meaningful difference in the average of CES-D from the districts where they live, the course of their education, and their religions. 4) We used the logistic regression analysis to find the risk factor for adolescent depression in these samples. Among the variables degree, it was most important risk factor in adolescent depression to dissatisfy with their school degrees. Compared it with fully satisfied group, the odds ratio was 8.850. The group of mid to low socioeconomic status had the odds ratio 2.007 compared with high socioeconomic status. The girls had the odds ratio 1.307 compared with the boys. 5) The male versus female ratio was 1: 1.38 in the total students and 1 : 1.88 in the middle school students, and 1 : 1.13 in the high school students. The male versus female ratio was relatively low in the high school students. It was the result of the high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the high school boys, and it was due to the large burden to their school degrees. Conclusion : The depressive symptoms checked by CES-D were very common among adolescents in Korean urban area. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 34.3% in the boys and 47.5% in the girls. The result that male versus female ratio was relatively low in the high school adolescents, and the group that were dissatisfied with the school degrees had high risk of depressive symptoms, revealed that the students had large burden to their school degrees and so they needed special concerns.