고화질 TV(HDTV)의 디지탈 비디오 코딩에 관한연구

池仁鎬 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1996 産業技術 Vol.6 No.-

The technology of digital video coding and transmission are very important in HDTV Applications to multimedia computing, interactive television, video-archiving system, and video telephony for using MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 will lead to a convergenc of entertainment, computing, and communications that will greatly enrich the human experience. Conversion between scanning formats is much easier in the digital domain, and translation between video coding standards is greatly facilitated by digital repersention. This may lead to an eventrual worldwide unification of video standards. This research has its importance in providing a optimum methodology for digital video coding HDTV by thoroughly analyses.

SNUCALTS(Seoul National University Computer-Administered Language Testing Service)의 타당성 검중

최인철 서울대학교 어학연구소 1996 語學硏究 Vol.32 No.3

In order to maximize efficiency of the process of test development and measurement, SNULRI (Seoul National University Language Research Institute) has developed a computerized item bank system on the basis of the 3rd-year SNUCREPT (SUN Criterion-Referenced English Proficiency Test) validation research conducted in 1994. The present study is aimed at validating the total process of the computerized item bank system in operation, which is tentatively entitled SNUCALTS (SNU Computer Administered Language Testing Service). The present research conducted the construct validation by analyzing the data collected from the 408 SNU students who took a 100-item set test (made up of 50 listening test items and 50 written test items) which was produced in a manner of random sampling by the current system. The overall results show that the computerized algorithm successfully retrieves appropriate test items from the database considering such variables as content domain, task type, topic, and difficulty. The algorithm also functions properly in scoring within IRT framework and produces robust quantitative indices including test-takers' ability and item statistics. Meanwhile, more valid items will continue to be stored onto SNUCALTS until a 200-item test set is successfully retrived from the database. A largescale study on a 200-item test set will be conducted in the fourth quarter of 1996 for the purpose of validating the entire testing process required for valid test development and precise measurement and efficient administrative tasks, e.g. storing and retriving test-takers' data and reporting group and/or individual score data.

21세기의 언어테스팅 방식 : 컴퓨터 개별 적응 평가와 수행 평가의 발전 전망 Prospects of Computer Adaptive Testing and Performance Testing

최인철 서울대학교 어학연구소 2000 語學硏究 Vol.36 No.1

With the advent of the new millenium, it's more important than ever to be equipped with good communication skills to interact successfully with 'global villagers.' As the need to acquire foreign language skills is evergrowing on the part of society as a whole as well as individuals, so is the challenge the discipline of language testing is to meet. In order to look to the future, language testing, as a frontier of applied linguistics, has been actively incorporating state-of-the-art multimedia technology and measurement theories into new testing methods and scoring schemes, resulting in computer adaptive/based language testing (CALT). This sophisticated computer technology was made possible by interdisciplinary research among such major fields of cognitive science as computational linguistics, computer science, and psychology. Among the most noteworthy technology are natural language processing and automatic speech recognition, both of which have a great potential to empower communicative performance testing (focused on production skills) by enhancing practicality and reliability. At this juncture, the present study is intended to overview the current developments of language testing and to explore its future prospects in terms of applicability of sophisticated computer technology in developing more valid measurement tools based on new test methods and scoring schemes.

기관지 천식환자들의 주거환경과 집먼지 진드기 항원량

이인숙,문정순 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of the dwelling environment of bronchial asthmatic patients and the amount of house dust mite allergens. The data was collected from patients receiving treatment at the allergy clinics of three university affiliated hospitals in Seoul from October 2000 to January 2001, using a self-administered questionnaire. Forty-two patients commonly showed bronchial asthma caused by house dust mites, revealing strong positive points (more than 3 points) at skin prick test(Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), positive response in fluoroallergosorbent test (FAST), and also positive response at PC_20 methacholine test. The results were as follows ; 1. Among the respondents, 54.8% were men and 45.2% were women, 57.1% were over thirty years old. 35.7% have a positive family history of asthma and 59.5% were under three years in the sick period. 2. As for in the characteristics of dwelling environment, 52.4% of respondents lived at the apartment, 54.8% was over ten years in age of home, 57.1% was over 99.2m^2 in magnitude of home, 76.2% was over 10m^2 in magnitude of bedroom, 66.7% was under 50% in the bedroom humidity, 85.7% was over 20℃ in the bedroom temperature, 78.6% was over three in the family number, 66.7% was over two in the bedroom occupant number, 73.8% owned bed, 45.2% was under two weeks in the washing interval of top bedding cover, 61.9% used disinfectant and bleach when washing bedding, 16.7% disinfected bedding by sunlight, 35.7% beat the bedding to remove the dust regularly, 14.3% cleaned bedding by vacuum cleaner. 40.5% deposited bedding in the closet, 33.3% placed dehumidifying material in the bedding closet, 88.1% cleaned bedroom by vacuum cleaner, 52.4% used wet cleaning, 66.7% had a dog in the home. 3. The amount of house dust mite allergens in the bedroom was 14792.5ng/g. The amount of house dust mite allergens in bedding was higher than that of the bedroom floors. 4. There was no significant difference in the amount of house dust mite allergens according to the general characteristics(gender, age, family history of asthma, and sick period). 5. There was significant difference in the amount of house dust mite allergens according to the number of families in the home(p=0.014) and the number of occupants in the bedroom(p=0.025). In this study, there are many differences to the results of preceding studies. Therefore, we increase the number of subjects and we must study on the amount. of house dust mite allergens according to more specific dwelling environment.

초·중등교육에서의 학습객체 개념 활용 가능성 고찰

박인우,임진호 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2003 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.6 No.2

현재 많은 기업 및 사이버대학에서는 표준화된 컨텐츠의 개발에 많은 시간과 자본을 투자하고 있다. 특히 SCORM(Sharable Content Object Reference Model)표준을 적용한 콘텐츠개발은 물론, 표준에 맞는 LCMS(Learning Content Management System)의 도입을 적극 추진하고 있다. 그러나, 성인학습 대상의 e-Learning 분야에서의 기대와 관심과는 다르게 초·중등교육 부문에서의 SCORM의 활용에 대한 견해는 대체로 부정적이며, 그 실효성에 의문이 제기되고 있기도 하다. 이에 SCORM의 핵심적인 개념인 학습객체 개념에 대해 조사하고 이러한 학습객체 개념이 초·중등 교육에 활용될 수 있는지에 대한 한계점과 가능성을 살펴봄으로써 SCORM에서의 학습객체가 갖는 교육학적 시사점을 모색해 보았다. Currently many companies and cyber-universities are investing large amount of time and efforts to develop a standard for Web-based learning contents. Among various standards proposed, SCORM(Sharable Content Object Reference Model) has been especially interested regarding web contents and LCMS(Learning Content Management System), In contrast with corporate and adult education, many seem to be skeptical that SCORM could be applied to K-12 education. In the study, opportunities and limitations of the concept for the learning object in 'SCORM' are examined through analyzing relevant studies and cases. In addition, this study examines the learning object in the pedagogical Perspective, and derives suggestions for applying them to K-12 education.

인천교육대학의 발전적 학풍조성을 위한 기초연구

문인원,김용식 仁川敎育大學校 1993 論文集 Vol.27 No.1

This study intended to explore the basic materials related to In-chon Teachers College climate for the purpose of a formal discussion to creat developmental College climate. This study would only supply the materials concerned with the college climate to a formal discussion. Therefore, there was no conclusion in this study. What kind of college climate do we have to creat, who should do it, and how do we establish a strategy to disseminate a college climate are different questions. These are problems we should solve through a formal discussion in In-chon Teachers College. We tried to fine out four facts in this study. The four facts which we tried to find out were as follows: 1. What is the college climate? 2. Is it necessary for In-chon Teachers College to have a college climate? 3. What kind of college climate are there in In-chon Teachers College now? 4. Is the challege climate which In-chon Teachers College has now positive or negative? To find out these facts we analysised In-chon Teachers college`s situation, other teachers College`s situations, and some materials concerned with the college climate. And we surveyed In-chon Teachers College students` and professors` opinions. Through these works what we found were as follows: 1. The college climate is a disposition of college members, which is derived from the college character. It means that a college character affects the college members` behaviors. 2. In-chon Teachers College needs a college climate in order to effectively accomplish the purpose of teachers college. 3. In-chon Teachers College does not have an evident college climate. 4. We cannot evaluate the In-chon Teachers College climate. Because it does not have and evident college climate. Even though In-chon Teachers College needs an evident college climate, the college members do not pay attention to it till now. From now on, the college members should try to creat a college climate. To creat a college climate in In-chon Teachers College, what we have to discuss further are as follows: 1. Who should be the main group to creat a college climate? 2. What kind of college climate should we creat and what is the reason? 3. How do we establish a strategy to disseminate a college climate?

Insulin 투여후 정신분열병환자의 혈장 Growth Hormone 및 Homovanillic Acid 농도의 변화

이인상,한규희 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.1

정상대조군과 정신분열병환자를 대상으로, insulin을 투여하여 저혈당으로 인한 자극을 유도하고, 이러한 자극이 DA계에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. Insulin주입후의 자극 섭동에 따른 DA계의 변동을 알아보기 위해 혈장 GH와 PHVA 농도의 변동을 살펴 보았다. 정신분열병환자와 정상대조군에 있어서의 대사적 섭동에 따른 DA계의 변동의 정도를 비교하였다. 정신분열병환자군내에서 임상변인에 따른 차이가 있는지를 알아 보아 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) Insulin투여후 정상대조군, 정신분열병환자군 모두에서 유의한 GH농도의 증가가 나타났으나 투여전, 투여후 60분, 90분후의 GH농도의 진단별 차이는 볼 수 없었다. 정신분열병환자군내에서 투여 90분후의 농도는 발병연령에 따라 차이를 보여, 26세 이상의 발병연령을 가진군은 25세이하의 발병연령군에 비해 유의하게 낮은 농도를 보였다. 투여 90분후의 농도는 bimodal 분포를 보였으며 20ng/ml을 기준으로 2군으로 구분할 수 있었다. 연령, 가족력의 유뮤, 음상-양성군 등의 다른 임상변인들 사이에는 유의한 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 2) 정상대조군의 insulin투여전 pHVA농도는 정신분열병환자군에 비해 높게 나타났다. Insulin투여후 60분, 90분의 pHVA농도는 양군사이에 유의한 차이점을 볼 수 없었다. Insulin투여후의 시간별 pHVA의 농도의 변화를 보니 정상대조군, 정신분열병환자 모두에서 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 정신분열병환자군내에서 임상변인과의 관련성을 살펴 보았던 바, 가족력의 유무, 발병연령, 이병기간 등과는 관련성을 찾을 수 없었고, 음성-양성군사이에 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. Insulin투여전 pHVA농도는 양성군이 음성군에 비해 높게 나타났다. Insulin투여후의 시간별 pHVA의 농도의 변화를 보니 정상대조군, 정신분열병 양성군에서 의미있는 변동이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 음성군에서는 변동이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 insulin투여에 의한 자극 섭동 후의 GH, pHVA농도의 변동은 DA계의 변동을 시사하며, 정신분열병의 임상증상의 발현을 생물학적으로 해석할 수 있는 지표로서의 가능성을 제시하는 것으로 생각된다. The authors examined the changes of plasma level of growth hormone(GH) and homovanillic acid(HVA) after insulin administration in schizophrenic patients and control subjects. Fifteen neuroleptics-taking patients and eight healthy control subjects participated in a study of insulin-induced dopaminergic perturbation, with multiple samples for plasma HVA and GH at baseline, 60min and 90min after insulin administration. Regular insulin(0.1 unit/kg) caused a significant decrease of glucose level and increase of GH level after 60min in both normal controls and schizophrenic patients. We did not find significant difference of GH concentrations at baseline, 60min and 90min between normal subjects and patients with schizophrenia. In schizophrenic subjects there was an inverse relationship between age of onset and GH level at 90min point. The GH level of patients whose first age of onset was more than 26 years was quitely low. There appeared a bimodal distribution of GH level at 90min in schizophrenic patients. The clinical characteristics of the patients with higher GH level(more than 20ng/ml) were long duration of illness(more than 12years) and old age(more than 37 years old). There was a significant difference of HVA level at baseline between normal control subject and schizophrenic patients. This pattern was not associated with clinical variables, such as age, age of onset, duration of illness and presence of family history. Schizophrenic patients were grouped by the positive and negative syndrome scale. The positive group had higher HVA level at baseline than negative group. The HVA concentrations of normal control subjects and positive group decreased significantly after insulin administration, but there was no decrease in negative group. These results suggest that plasma HVA concentration may be associated with the different dopaminergic alterations of heterogeneous schizophrenia. The GH and HVA level after insulin administration could be used as indices for the delineation of complex clinical manifestations of schizophrenia.

광주·전남 지역에서 발생한 스포로트리쿰증 103예에 대한 임상적 고찰(1967-1996)

전인기,김훈희,김성진,이승철,원영호 대한의진균학회 1997 대한의진균학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Background : Sporotrichosis is most common deep cutaneous fungal disease in Korea. It is markedly variable in incidence, distribution, and colinical pattern. The epidemiology have been well known to change over years, and to be influenced by environmental condition and geographic location. Sporotrichosis in Kwangju and Chonnam area is more prevalent compared to other areas in Korea. Objective : Our purpose was to describe the prevalence, epidemiological and clinical features, regional distribution and the change of the incidence according to the climate in different regions. Method : the observation of 103 sporotrichosis patients confirmed by clinical, histopathological and mycological studies had been made in the Department of Dermatology at Chonnam National university Hospital for thirty years from 1967 to 1996. Results and Conclusion : The sporotrichosis patient was 0.09% of 108, 680 outpatients, prevalent at the age of thirties and forties(20%), and 3.2:1 in the ration between male and female. The 58% of total cases visited us within 3 months after the beginning of skin lesion. Almost all initial lesions appeared on the exposed areas, especially upper extremities(68%). The 74% of the total cases was lymphocutaneous type, and the rest was fixed cutaneous type. Most popular occupation of patients was farmer(60%). The 69% of patients visited in spring and winter, especially in february(17%). The incidence of sporotrichosis per average 100,000 population in districts of Kwangju and Chonnam area revealed a difference with the amount of rainfall in winter; average 1.8 person in an area above 125㎜,0.8 person in an area between 100㎜ and 125㎜, and 0.2 person in an area below 100㎜ These rsults suggest that the incidence and clinical features of sporotrichosis are influenced by occupations, leisure and occupational activities, living conditions, and the climate.

Samarium Lutidinate 착물형성에 관한 열역학적 연구

김인회 建陽大學校 1994 建陽論叢 Vol.- No.3

The thermodynamic parameters of formation of the 1:1 complex between samarium cation and lutidinate have been measured using potentiometric and calorimetric techniques in aqueous solution of 0.50M (NaClO₄) ionic strength at 25℃. The results have been compared with those for the other analogous heterocyclic carboxylate ligands. From the comparison of the thermodynamic data, it was found that the lutidinate ligand was coordinated to the samarium cation by forming the chelate through the ring nitrogen atom at position 1 and the carboxylate group at position 2 of the pyridine ring.

헤르만 헤세와 도가(道家)사상

이인웅 한국헤세학회 2002 헤세연구 Vol.7 No.-

Im Aufsatz Lieblingslektu¨re erinnert sich Hermann Hesse an seine unerwartete Begegnung mit "dem chinesisch-taoistischen Ideal des Weisen und Guten", ohne das er gar nicht mehr zu leben wusste. Fu¨r den Dichter sind das Weisheitsbuch Tao te king von Laotse und die taoistischen Gleichnisse von Dschuang Dsi in der zwiten Ha¨lfte seines Lebens von u¨berragender Bedeutung geworden. Er nimmt daher des o¨fteren die Elemente des Taoismus in seinem philosophischen und religio¨sen Sinne in sein Werk auf. Das chinesische Wortzeichen "Tao" bedeutet urspru¨nglich "einen Wegbahnen" oder "gehen"; dann: die Bahn der Sterne, die der Jahreszeiten, der Tag-Nacht-Wechsel usw. Bei Konfuzianern bezeichnete es das richtige und seiner Bestimmung gema¨βe Verhalten des Menschen im moralischen Sinne. Bei Taoisten, von denen Hesse seinen Tao-Begriff u¨bernimmt, symbolisiert es aber das ewige Gesetz, das Urwesen, den sich in Natur- und Menschenleben a¨uβernden Weltgrund oder das absoulute Prinzip des Weltalls. Man hat versucht, das Zeichen mit "Logos", "Weg", "Wort", "Sinn", "Wahrheit", "Gott" u.a. zu u¨bersetzen, aber heute verwendet man gewo¨hnlich den Begriff in seiner chinesischen Lautwiedergabe: "Tao". Wie die Taoisten predigt Hesse ebenfalls den "Weg nach Innen", um das Wesen des Tao zu schauen und mit dem Tao, dem unfassbaren Urprinzip allen Seins, eins zu werden. Wer stets den Weg in sein eigenes Inneres geht, kann das Ich und das All als eine gtoβe Einheit erleben, alles als Tao erkennen und schlieβlich in seinem Leben das erfahrene Tao verwirklichen. Ein Mensch, der durch Erleuchtung und Intuition des eigenen Inneren mit dem Tao vereinigt und im dauernden Bestiz des Tao ist, gilt im Taoismus als vollkommen und weise. Im absoluten Einklang mit dem Tao, dem Welturgrund, findet der Vollendete eine groβe Einheit. In dieser ho¨chsten Einheit ist er nicht mehr an die Naturgesetze gebunden, sondern er bekommt die Gestze des Naturlaufs souvera¨n in die Hand und kann daher Wunder verrichten. Hermann Hesse las und besprach mit Lust und Liebe taoistische Bu¨cher und bescha¨ftigte sich eifrig mit dem religio¨sen und philosophischen Ideal des Taoismus. Dadurch wurde er mit den magischen Vorstellungen der alten vollendeten Weisen Ostasiens wohl vertraut und gestaltete sie weiterhin in seiner Dichtung. Der verirrte Bundesbruder H.H. in der Morgenlandfahrt sehnt sich nach Ru¨ckkehr zum taoistisch geheimnisvollen Bund und sucht nach jedem mo¨glichen Weg, der u¨berall und nirgends, immer und nimmer existiert. Endlich wird er von Leo, dem untersten idealen Diener und Obersten der Oberen des Bundes, zum geheimen Bund zuru¨ckgefu¨hrt. Man denkt bei Leo an die Eigenschaften des Tao. Im magischen Theater wandert Harry Haller im Steppenwolf wie ein vollendeter Taoist durch Raum und Zeit, durch Jenseits und Diesseits, trifft Mozart und Goethe, macht Jagd auf Automobile, schla¨ft mit seiner Freundin aus der Vergangenheit und einer still la¨chelnden Chinesin, spricht mit den Unsterblichen und will das ewige geheimnisvolle Lachen der Unsterblichen lernen. Im Kurzgefaβten Lebnslauf entzieht sich der Verfasser der welt des Ko¨rperlichen wie ein magisch-allfa¨higer Taoist, indem er in eine von ihm selbst an die Wand gemalte Eisenbahn einsteigt und, nach der Anweisung der chinesischen Magie, ins Gebirge, in die ewige Einheit, hineinfa¨hrt. Im Ma¨rchen Eine Traumfolge beschreibt Hesse das taoistische Erlebnis der All-Einheit, des vollkommen magischen Einsseins des Ich mit Gott und Welt. Auβerdem ha¨lt Hesse den ganz alten Goethe fu¨r einen taoistisch Vollendeten. In Goethe und Bettina stellt er an Goethe den taoistischen Vorgang des geheimnisvollen Entwerdens, der Selbstaufhebung und der wahren Selbsterkenntnis fest. In Dank an Goethe erscheint Goehte als ein vollendeter Meister der Harmonie und Synthese. Gerade im Diene, der vo¨lligen Hingabe an die u¨bernatu¨rliche Geistigkeit bringt er sich selbst zur Vollendung. In U¨ber Goethes Gedichte erwa¨hant Hesse wiederum, dass der taoistisch vollendete Mensche mit dem All, der Innen- und Auβenwelt in U¨bermenschlicher U¨bereinstimmung verkehrt. Im Werk H. Hesses kommen noch viele andere Fifuren vor, die in ihrem Charakter stark taoistisch gefa¨rbt sind. Schon der alte Neander im Haus der Tra¨ume tra¨gt wesentlich chinesiche Zu¨ge in sich. In seinem Alter haust er von der Welt weit entfernt, allein und einsam, friedlich-zufrieden wie ein einsiedlerischer Taoist. Vasudeva, der Lehrmeister am Fluss, und sein Schu¨ler Siddhartha in Siddhartha sind auch von ihrer Anlage her so ostasiatische Gestalten, dass wir sie als einen Zen-Meister und dessen Ju¨nger oder sogar als Taoisten charakterisieren. Im Glasperlenspiel erscheint die Haptgestalt Josef Knecht auch als demu¨tig Dieneder in seinem Wesen und zugleich als ho¨chster Repra¨sentant des kastalischen Ordens. Er will vollkommen werden. Er strebt nach der vollen Harmonie von Natur und Geist, vom Irdischen und U¨berirdischen, von Yin und Yang, ja nach einem Tao. Der Lehrer Knechts, der a¨ltere Bruder, ist ein innerlich wie a¨uβerlich zum Chinesen gewordener Mensch. In seiner Eremitage lebt er, "bald als Kaiz bela¨chelt, bald als eine Art Heiliger verehrt, mit sich und der Welt im Frienden, seine Tage mit Meditation [...] hinbringend". Er ist die Verko¨rperung eines taoistischen Weisen. Der alte Musikmeister ist ebenso eine erheblich orientalisierte Heiligengestalt. U¨ber seinem Leven steht beherrschend die vita contemplativa, und dadurch erlangt er die Erleuchtung, die Vollendugn. Kurz vor dem Tode lebt er als ein vollendeter Taoist ganz einig mit allem Seienden, ganz in der All-Einheit.