Organic Solar Cells: Solution‐Processable Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Novel Alternative to PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layers for Highly Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells (Adv. Mater. 42/2011)

Yun, Jin‐,Mun,Yeo, Jun‐,Seok,Kim, Juhwan,Jeong, Hyung‐,Gu,Kim, Dong‐,Yu,Noh, Yong‐,Jin,Kim, Seok‐,Soon,Ku, Bon‐,Cheol,Na, Seok‐,In WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced Materials Vol.23 No.42

<P>Solution‐processable reduced graphene oxide as a hole‐transporting layer for highly efficient and stable organic solar cells is reported on page 4923 by Dong‐Yu Kim, Seok‐In Na, and co‐workers. Introduction of a newly reduced graphene oxide by simple solution processing into solar cells dramatically raises the cell efficiency and cell life‐time. The results will allow full use of chemically reduced graphene and will advance the realization of carbon‐based printable optoelectronic devices. </P>

과학 영재를 위한 캠프 운영과 교육 프로그램의 개발 준거

여상인,노석구,강호감,이희순,홍석인,송상헌,정동권 인천교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2003 과학교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구는 영재 프로그램과 그 운영의 적절성과 타당성을 판단하는데 기초 자료가 될 수 있는 준거를 추출하기 위한 연구이다. 과학캠프 활동 프로그램에 대한 학생들의 흥미와 유익성, 영재캠프 운영에 관련된 문항으로 구성된 설문지를 캠프에 참가한 학생과 그 학부모에게 실시하여 분석하였다. 영재 캠프에 참가한 학생은 직접 참여할 수 있으면서 지적 호기심을 자극하는 활동에 흥미를 느꼈고, 놀이 요소가 포함된 프로그램을 많이 선호하였다. 학생들이 모르거나, 중요하다고 생각하거나, 일상생활에 적용할 수 있는 과학 지식이나 원리를 배웠다고 인식하는 경우, 유익한 프로그램으로 인식하였다. 과학 영재 캠프의 운영에 있어서 많은 학생이 방학 중에 1주일 정도의 기간으로 합숙하는 프로그램 운영 방식을 선호하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 본 연구에서는 캠프 활동 프로그램과 운영에 대한 몇 가지 시사점을 제안하였다. This study is to find out criteria and basic data to evaluate effectiveness and validity of program for gifted children in science. To this purpose, a questionnaire to investigate the perception of interest and usefulness for camp activities was administered to the gifted children registered to science camp. By analyzing their responses, we could conclude that the gifted children thought the activities, which stimulating their curiosity or providing opportunities to participate, to be interesting to them. They preferred the activities like a play or a game and considered that a useful activities should have something worth-learning. They and their parents preferred to stay in a camp for a week. Based on this research, we suggested some implications about academic camp program for gifted children in science.

美國의 私有林支援 政策 硏究

石玄德,尹汝昌 한국산림경제학회 2003 산림경제연구 Vol.11 No.1

미국의 사유림관리에 있어서 타용도 전용이 가장 큰 문제이다. 따라서 미국의 사유림 지원정책의 주요 목적은 사유림의 타용도 전용을 막기 위한 것으로 교육, 기술지원, 자금지원 등 세가지 주요 정책수단을 이용하고 있다. 사유림지원 프로그램은 약 10종류가 되는 데 이중 Forest Land Enhancement Program(FLEP) 과 Forest Legacy Program(FLP) 이 가장 중요하다. 그 외 다른 프로그램은 임업 이외의 부문에서 지원되고 있어 지원정도가 많지는 않다. 사유림 지원제도를 관리하는 주요 행정부는 산림청이고, 자연자원보전청은 사유림 보호와 직접적으로 관련된 지원제도에 대해서만 관리하고 있다. Since the vast landscape of American forests is increasingly threatened by the rising demand of commercial and residential uses, the major interests and goals of policies for the privately owned forests in US are protecting them from converting for oher uses. In order for protecting privately owned forests, the American Government uses three major tools; education, technical assistance, and financial aid. Two major aiding programs-Forest Land Enhancement Program (FLEP) and Forest Legacy Program (FLP)-are considered as the heart of aiding programs for the privately owned forests among more than 10 programs. Other aiding programs such as Conservation Reserve Program(CRP) can be available for the privately owned forests although the forest can not be the major objects for aiding. Forest Service under the USDA has been the major government body of administrating policies for the private forests, while NRCS(Natural Resource Conservation Service) deals with a part of them, mainly protection policies of the private forest.

사망 진단서(시체 검안서) 작성의 문제점

김규석,임용수,이중의,서길준,윤여규,어은경,염석란,정연권,이윤성 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Background: This study was conducted to analyze the current problems in completing death certificates and to identify the correct method for completing death certificates Methods: We reviewed 262 death certificates in three hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2000, and 119 death certificates in one hospital from March 1 to 31, 2000. We identified major and minor errors and analyzed and compared them retrospectively. Results: A total of 381 death certificates were reviewed: 59 in Seoul National University Hospital,101 in Ewha Woman's University Hospital, and 102 in Gachon Medical College Hospital, which has no education program for completing death certificates in postgraduate training, and 119 in Samsung Medical Center which has an education program for completing death certificates. 358 certificates(94.0%) had at least one error. There were only 23 death certificates(6.0%) without an error. In 182 cases(47.8%), there was one major error. In 321 death certificates(84.3%), there were more than two errors. A comparison of Samsung Medical Center with the other hospitals showed that the number of total errors was statistically different(p=0.001). Conclusion: There were few death certificates without an error in this study. In a hospital which has postgraduate training in completing death certificates, there are fewer errors than in other hospitals which have no training course. Emergency physicians actually certify many deaths, so they must know the correct method of completing death certificates for statistics on morbidity and mortality.

공공도서관의 공간구성비 변화에 관한 연구 : 대구광역시 공공도서관을 중심으로 focused on the Public Library in Daegu

김여경,정지석,최무혁 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

In line with the fast development of the modern society, the basic function of the public library has been changing to meet the present user's needs and social requests. Such multiple library organizations have been continuously and rapidly changed. This study suggests to analyze the changes in the space composition of the public library in Daegu. It explains the relationship of the multiple programs for public library and users who need new requests. The results of this study are as follows : The changes for new needs and requests are 1) to extend lecture rooms and auditorium, 2) to offer a reading room more open for public users, 3) to extend internet data and clipping data. These changes are attended with various problems.

일차 양측성 구순열의 일단계 재건에 대한 증례보고

임석균,이기혁,김영균,김수관,이병준,여환호,서재훈 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.3

Bilateral cleft lip reconstruction can be performed in one-or two-stages. The choice depends on the surgeon's proficiency and experience. However the type and severity of the cleft must be considered. Complete or incomplete symmetric, bilateral clefts in which the premaxilla is within the alveolar arch or slightly protruded can be successfully treated with simultaneous lip reconstruction on both sides. There are some advantages that one-stage lip reconstruction facilitates creation of a symmetric and balanced lip, retraction of protruding premaxilla and the parent's psychologic satisfaction. However, there are some disadvantages such as micrognathia of the upper jaw by severe scar formation and poor adaptation of flap margins by severe tension. The surgeon must be able to judge and exploit the advantages offered by one-stage approach. We present the case report of one-stage reconstruction of primary bilateral cleft lip with literature reviews.

중국 국유기업에 대한 국경간 M&A 방안

金汝善,宋錫彦 濟州大學校 法과政策硏究所 1999 法과 政策 Vol.- No.5

이차구순열 결손의 치료

임석균,박인순,여환호,지재휴,김영균,김수관 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1997 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.19 No.2

Despite the current accomplishments with the repair of cleft lips, the surgical management of the nasal deformity remains a functional and aesthetic dilemma for patients, their families, and reconstructive surgeons. Recent improvements in the understanding and technical execution of te primary cleft lip repair have significantly reduced secondary sequelae and the consequent need for secondary surgical correction. But, secondary surgical corrections are necessary according to numerous factors. Such factors include the secondary surgical corrections are necessary according to numerous factors. Such factors include the severity of the initial deformity, the surgical plan, precision of execution of the primary repair, and success of the postoperative management. We preformed the secondary correction of cleft lip and palate in 11 patients via various methods. In conclusion, primary repair of cleft lip and palate patients is the most important to prevent the secondary deformities, and most of cleft lip and palate with secondary deformities must be treated with combined cheiloplasty and rhinoplasty.

지반의 진행성 파괴와 기초의 크기 효과를 고려한 지지력 특성에 관한 실험적 연구

임종철,안민홍,홍석우,강정철,여종인 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.56 No.-

얕은 기초의 지지력을 산정하는데 있어서 기존 이론의 지지력계수(Nc,Nr,Nq)는 흙의 내부마찰 각 φ만의 함수로 표현되어져 있다. 그리고 조밀한 모래지반에서는 동시파괴(전반전단파괴)가 발생한다고 가정하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주문지 표준사를 이용하여 중간·조밀한 모래지반을 제작하여, 재하폭 B를 변화시켜 실험하였다. 실험 결과, 조밀한 모래지반에서도 진행성파괴가 발생하며, 지지력계수 Nr의 평가에 있어서 내부마찰각 φ뿐만 아니라, 재하폭 B의 영향이 고려되어져야 함을 알 수 있었다. The bearing capacity factors(Nc,Nr,Nq) of an existing formulae are the function of only internal friction angle(φ) in calculating of ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundations. And it is assumed that the simultaneous failure(general shear failure) occurs in the dense sand. In this study, the medium to dense sand grounds are formed by Joomunjin standard sand, and the laboratory medel tests are made with the change of load-width(B). By test it is known that the progressive failure is also occurred in the dense sand ground and so the bearing capacity factor(Nr) should be considered for not only internal friction angle(φ) but also the effect of load-width(B).

발열이 있는 호중구 감소증 환자에서의 위험도 예측인자

정중식,권운용,김규석,임용수,이중의,서길준,윤여규 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: Most febrile neutropenic patients are treated in an aggressive manner. However, identification of low-risk patients may enable clinicians to administer risk-based treatment. The object of this study is to certify the factors associated with increased risk at the time of visiting the emergency department. Methods: This is a retrospective study. We reviewed the medical records of 101 febrile neutropenic patients who had visited the emergency department of Seoul National University Hospital from January 1998 to August 1999. We assumed 22 risk prediction factors that could be assessed at admission to the emergency department and 5 factors that could be assessed during treatment course. To find independent risk-prediction factors, we analyzed these factors respectively by using multiple regression analysis. Results: Tachycardia(aOR=136.5), altered mentality(aOR=28.8), decreased renal function(aOR=20.1), and significant comorbidity(aOR=17,2) are the independent factors associated with higher mortality. Altered mentality(aOR=31.6) and decreased renal function(CCr < 75㎖/min, aOR=5.4) are those associated with a higher incidence of septic shock. Independent factors associated with persistent(more than 3 days) fever are the early(within 10 days) onset of fever after last chemotherapy(aOR=8.8) and the existence of new pulmonary infiltrates on a simple chest X-ray(aOR=4.3). Conclusion: The stability of vital signs, the change of mentality, the renal function, the existence of significant comorbidity, the existence of new pulmonary infiltrates, and the rate of neutropenia are clinically useful risk-prediction factors in febrile neutropenia at the time of visiting the emergency department.