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정두신,성기범,신현길,안무영,김형수,홍영의 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4
Objectives : Entrapment of the suprascapular nerve is frequently overlooked in the differential diagnosis of shoulder pain. Methods : Suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is a well-defined clinical entity and EMG and NCV is used to confirm a diagnosis. But the diagnosis typically not considered until patients develop severe weakness secondary to atrophy of the spinous musculature that the nerve supplies. Results : A narrow suprascapular notch has rarely been reported as a work-related factor of this entrapment neuropathy. Diagnosis of suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is based on the patients' clinical course, neurologic, radiologic, and electrophysiologic findings. One of the most helpful evaluations was anteriorposterior projection with the X-ray tube angled 15-30 degree caudally. The suprascapular entrapment neuropathy is relatively uncommon entity of shoulder discomfort(pain, weakness, and atrophy). Conclusions : If the worker who used his shoulder joint repetitiously having the shoulder pain and muscle weakness, we must rule out the suprascapular entrapment neuropathy. And it is needed to evaluate the motions which cause suprascapular entrapment neuropathy as the ergonomic factor.
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새 敎育 課程에 따른 高等學校 共通科學 敎科書 生命 單元의 比較 分析
김제연,신두철,김현섭 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1997 과학교육연구 Vol.28 No.1
本 硏究는 새 敎育 課程에 따른 高等學校 共通科學7種 敎科書 生命 單元의 知識 領域과 探究 領域을 定量的으로 比較·分析하여 高等學校 生物 敎育의 基礎 資料를 제공하고, 敎育의 效率性을 기하기 위하여 수행되었으며, 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 生命 單元의 紙面 數는 7種 敎科書의 全體 平均 476.29面 중에서 附錄을 포함하여 13.20%인 62面 이었으며, 가장 많은 것은 E 敎科書로서 80面, B 와 C 敎科書는 63面, F 敎科書는 62面, D 敎科書는 60面, A와 G 敎科書는 가장 적은 55面이었다. 單元別로는 '刺戟과 反應'이 平均 14.3面으로 가장 많았고, '遺傳'이 平均 11面으로 가장 적었다. 2. 單元別 分量과 探究 活動 回數의 相對比를 調査하여 分析한 결과, '營養과 健康' 單元에서 相對比가 1.0으로 가장 적절하였다. 3. 探究 活動의 主題는 類似한 內容의 主題를 하나로 묶어서 調査했을 때 72種, 127回로 나타났으며, 7種 敎科書 모두에서 취급하고 있는 主題는 '사람의 遺傳 形質', '生殖 細胞 形成', '性호르몬의 分泌 調節' 등으로 학교 현장에서 반드시 다루어야할 必須 主題임을 알 수 있었다. 4. 探究 活動 回數와 각 內容 要素別 回數를 調査하여 分析한 결과, ㉮ 實驗 回數의 相對比는 '營養과 健康' 單元에서 1로 가장 적절한 回數를 나타냈다. ㉯ 資料解析의 相對比는 '生殖' 單元에서 1.41로 지나치게 높았으며, '刺戟과 反應' 單元이 0.94로 가장 적절한 回數이니 것으로 나타났다. ㉰ 調査의 相對比는 '遺傳' 單元이 1.11로 가장 적절한 回數인 것으로 나타났다. ㉱ 討議의 相對比는 '營養과 健康' 單元이 1로 가장 적절한 回數인 것으로 나타났다. 5. 探究 活動의 比重이 커짐에 따라 學校 現場에서 실제로 활용될 수 있는 主題 및 素材의 개발이 필요하며, 實驗과 觀察을 위한 충분한 시설이 갖추어 지고, 충분한 시간이 주어져야만 한다. 6. 學習者에게 探究 活動 中心의 수업이 될 수 있도록 敎科 內容의 양을 줄여야 한다. 또한 原理와 法則, 槪念 등의 이해를 돕고 興味와 刺戟을 줄 수 있는 그림, 읽을 거리, 揷畵, 寫眞 및 낱말 맞추기 등의 資料가 많아야 하고, 視覺的 效果의 極大化를 위하여 天然色으로 構成되어야 할 것이다. 7. 多樣하고 많은 數의 探究 活動을 제공하여 學生들의 興味를 誘發하고 地域的·季節的 與件, 學校 事情, 敎科上의 問題 등 여러 면에서 融通性 있게 운영할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 8. 敎科書 分量에 비추어 受業 時數 單位 配當의 適正性에 대한 硏究가 수행되어야 할 것이다. 9. 共通科學 敎科書의 다른 單元 즉, 物理, 化學, 地球科學 및 環境 單元 등을 總括하여 7種 敎科書에 대한 比較·分析 硏究가 遂行되어 바람직한 高等學校 共通科學 敎育에 대한 改善 資料가 마련되어야 한다. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic information and efficiency for biology education through analysis and comparison of knowledge part and inquiry part of Life Unit on the seven kinds of the high school 'General Science' textbooks written in accordance with new curriculum. Especially this study is focused on analysis of the inquiry activity of the textbooks. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The numbers of pages about the 'Life' unit are 62 including the appendix among the whole average 476.29 Textbook B and C fill pages the 'Life' unit 63, textbook F 62, textbook D 60. While textbook E contains the 'Life' unit more than any other book as the 80 pages, textbook A and G have the least pages 55. 2. On the basis of the result of analysis to relative rate between the quantity of units and the frequency of research activities, the optimum relative rate is found in the unit 'Nutrition and Health'. 3. Regarding subjects of the similar contents as one subject, the subjects of research activities are 72 kinds and frequency of experiments about them is 127. 'An inherited character of man', 'Controls of sex hormone secretion' and 'Formation of reproductive cells' are common subjects in the 7 different kinds of textbooks. We can know that they are necessary subjects which should be treated in school. 4. The results obtained from analyzing the frequency of research activities and units indicate that, ⓐ The relative rate of the frequency of experiments is 1 in the unit "Nutrition and Health" and the rate is the optimum frequency. ⓑ The relative rate of materials analysis in 1.41 in the unit 'Reproduction' and 0.94 in the unit 'Stimulus and Reaction'. While the former rate is excessively high, the latter rate is the optimum frequency. ⓒ The relative rate of inquiry is 1.11 in the unit 'Heredity' and the rate is also the optimum frequency. ⓓ The relative rate of discussion is 1 in the unit 'Nutrition and Health' and the rate is the optimum frequency. 5. As research activities are emphasized, the development of the subjects and the materials which really can be used in school is need. 6. The quantity of textbook contents have to be decrease for the students can do the research activities. The textbooks should have these materials such as pictures, photographs, something good to read, and puzzles··, etc, that can help students to understand principles, laws and conceptions and also to give students interests and simulations. The textbooks also should be made colorful to improve the visual effects. 7. The textbooks should have many kinds of research activities and various contents in order to give interests and motivation to students. They also have to be considered the conditions of regions, seasons, schools and scientific matters. 8. The study that the class time allotment set on the basis of the quantity of textbook should be performed. 9. General science textbook consists of different units such as 'Physics', 'Chemistry', 'Geoscience' and 'Environment'. As these units are generalized, compared and analyzed on the 7 different kinds of textbook, improving materials should be made for the desirable high school general science education.
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정승기,남철현,신두만,양숙희,김기열,이미경,문기내 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.3
This study was conducted to examine the condition of patients with arthritis and its related factors. Data were collected from 100 people who suffered from arthritis in Seoul. Busan, Daegu, Daejun, Junjoo, and pohang from April 2, 2000 to July 31, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. 6L0% of the subjects were female. The incidence rate of arthritis was higher in the higher age group, lower educated group, and thinner group. In case of male, the incidence rate was higher in the groups of single, residents in big cities, and technicians. In case of female, it was higher in the groups of the married, residents in towns or villages, and housewives. 2. According to the parts of arthritis, knee joint covered 67.4% and backspine joint covered 9.0%. The incidence rate of arthritis was higher in the groups of forties, housewives, single, irreligious people, residents in towns and villages, primary school graduates, thin people, and walk exercisers. 3. The arthritis patients felt pain most when they stood up (31.5%). According to the time when they felt pain most, the time when they were active during daytime was 31.5% and nighttime was 29.8%. When they got up in the morning was 22.4%, while 10.9% felt pain all cay long. 4. they had arthralgia knees and cramp in crook of the knees (21.8%). Their knees ticked when they moved (21.1%). The had to rest hands on anyplace when they stood up (18.7%) and they could not completely unfold their knees. 5. The medical institutions which diagnosed them showed significant difference in the variables of sex, age, marital status, religion, place in residence, education level, economic status, obesity level, exercise, parts of arthritis, and posture of feeling pain. from above results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop appropriate medical treatment on the basis of the respondents' socio-democraphic characteristics, pain parts, period of having a pain, satisfaction level with treatment and its related factors. Therefore, related professionals and organizations must develop education program for prevention of arthritis in order to educate them.
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야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로
조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6
Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.
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Annealing temperature dependence on the positive bias stability of IGZO thin-film transistors
Shin, Hyun-Soo,Ahn, Byung-Du,Rim, You-Seung,Kim, Hyun-Jae The Korean Infomation Display Society 2011 Journal of information display Vol.12 No.4
The threshold voltage shift (${\Delta}V_{th}$) under positive-voltage bias stress (PBS) of InGaZnO (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) annealed at different temperatures in air was investigated. The dramatic degradation of the electrical performance was observed at the sample that was annealed at $700^{\circ}C$. The degradation of the saturation mobility (${\mu}_{sat}$) resulted from the diffusion of indium atoms into the interface of the IGZO/gate insulator after crystallization, and the degradation of the subthreshold slope (S-factor) was due to the increase in the interfacial and bulk trap density. In spite of the degradation of the electrical performance of the sample that was annealed at $700^{\circ}C$, it showed a smaller ${\Delta}V_{th}$ under PBS conditions for $10^4$ s than the samples that were annealed at $500^{\circ}C$, which is attributed to the nanocrystal-embedded structure. The sample that was annealed at $600^{\circ}C$ showed the best performance and the smallest ${\Delta}V_{th}$ among the fabricated samples with a ${\mu}_{sat}$ of $9.38cm^2/V$ s, an S-factor of 0.46V/decade, and a ${\Delta}V_{th}$ of 0.009V, which is due to the passivation of the defects by high thermal annealing without structural change.
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Hyun Du Shin,서준혁,Junghyun Kim,Hyeyeon Lee,엄한영,김운용,양동혁,한상범,염정록 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.2
A simple new method was developed for the determination of betaine in Fructus Lycii using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HILIC-ELSD). Good chromatographic separation and reasonable betaine retention was achieved on a Kinetex HILIC column (2.1 × 100 mm,2.6 μm) packed with fused-core particle. The mobile phase consisted of (A) acetonitrile and (B) 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0)/acetonitrile (90/10, v/v). It was used with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 27.5 °C and the injection volume was 10 μL. The ELSD drift tube temperature was 50 °C and the nebulizing gas (nitrogen) pressure was 3.0 bar. Stachydrine, a zwitterionic compound, was used as an internal standard. Calibration curve over 10-250 μg/mL showed good linearity (R2> 0.9992) and betaine in the 70% methanol extract of Fructus Lycii was well separated from other peaks. Intraand inter-day precision ranged from 1.1 to 3.0% and from 2.4 to 5.3%, respectively, while intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from 100.0 to 107.0% and from 94.3 to 103.9%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 10 μg/mL and the recoveries were in the range of 98.2-102.7%. The developed HILIC-ELSD method was successfully applied to quantitatively determine the amount of betaine in fourteen Fructus Lycii samples from different locations, demonstrating that this method is simple, rapid, and suitable for the quality control of Fructus Lycii.
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Shin, Hyun-Du,Suh, Joon-Hyuk,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Lee, Hye-Yeon,Eom, Han-Young,Kim, Un-Yong,Yang, Dong-Hyug,Han, Sang-Beom,Youm, Jeong-Rok Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.2
A simple new method was developed for the determination of betaine in Fructus Lycii using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HILIC-ELSD). Good chromatographic separation and reasonable betaine retention was achieved on a Kinetex HILIC column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $2.6{\mu}m$) packed with fused-core particle. The mobile phase consisted of (A) acetonitrile and (B) 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0)/acetonitrile (90/10, v/v). It was used with gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The column temperature was set at $27.5^{\circ}C$ and the injection volume was $10{\mu}L$. The ELSD drift tube temperature was $50^{\circ}C$ and the nebulizing gas (nitrogen) pressure was 3.0 bar. Stachydrine, a zwitterionic compound, was used as an internal standard. Calibration curve over $10-250{\mu}g/mL$ showed good linearity ($R^2$ > 0.9992) and betaine in the 70% methanol extract of Fructus Lycii was well separated from other peaks. Intraand inter-day precision ranged from 1.1 to 3.0% and from 2.4 to 5.3%, respectively, while intra- and inter-day accuracy ranged from 100.0 to 107.0% and from 94.3 to 103.9%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was $10{\mu}g/mL$ and the recoveries were in the range of 98.2-102.7%. The developed HILIC-ELSD method was successfully applied to quantitatively determine the amount of betaine in fourteen Fructus Lycii samples from different locations, demonstrating that this method is simple, rapid, and suitable for the quality control of Fructus Lycii.
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