Mass spectrometry-based ginsenoside profiling: Recent applications, limitations, and perspectives

Hyun Woo Kim,Dae Hyun Kim,Byeol Ryu,You Jin Chung,Kyungha Lee,Young Chang Kim,Jung Woo Lee,Dong Hwi Kim,Woojong Jang,Woohyeon Cho,Hyeonah Shim,Sang Hyun Sung,Tae-Jin Yang,Kyo Bin Kang The Korean Society of Ginseng 2024 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.48 No.2

Ginseng, the roots of Panax species, is an important medicinal herb used as a tonic. As ginsenosides are key bioactive components of ginseng, holistic chemical profiling of them has provided many insights into understanding ginseng. Mass spectrometry has been a major methodology for profiling, which has been applied to realize numerous goals in ginseng research, such as the discrimination of different species, geographical origins, and ages, and the monitoring of processing and biotransformation. This review summarizes the various applications of ginsenoside profiling in ginseng research over the last three decades that have contributed to expanding our understanding of ginseng. However, we also note that most of the studies overlooked a crucial factor that influences the levels of ginsenosides: genetic variation. To highlight the effects of genetic variation on the chemical contents, we present our results of untargeted and targeted ginsenoside profiling of different genotypes cultivated under identical conditions, in addition to data regarding genome-level genetic diversity. Additionally, we analyze the other limitations of previous studies, such as imperfect variable control, deficient metadata, and lack of additional effort to validate causation. We conclude that the values of ginsenoside profiling studies can be enhanced by overcoming such limitations, as well as by integrating with other -omics techniques.

Association Between Aortic Valve Sclerosis and Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential

Kim Minkwan,Kim Jin Ju,Lee Seung-Tae,Shim Yeeun,Lee Hyeonah,Bae SungA,Son Nak-Hoon,Shin Saeam,Jung In Hyun 대한진단검사의학회 2024 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.44 No.3

Background: The mechanism and medical treatment target for degenerative aortic valve disease, including aortic stenosis, is not well studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) on the development of aortic valve sclerosis (AVS), a calcified aortic valve without significant stenosis. Methods: Participants with AVS (valves ≥2 mm thick, high echogenicity, and a peak transaortic velocity of <2.5 m/sec) and an age- and sex-matched control group were enrolled. Twenty-four CHIP genes with common variants in cardiovascular disease were used to generate a next-generation sequencing panel. The primary endpoint was the CHIP detection rate between the AVS and control groups. Inverse-probability treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was performed to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics. Results: From April 2020 to April 2022, 187 participants (125 with AVS and 62 controls) were enrolled; the mean age was 72.6±8.5 yrs, and 54.5% were male. An average of 1.3 CHIP variants was observed. CHIP detection, defined by a variant allele frequency (VAF) of ≥0.5%, was similar between the groups. However, the AVS group had larger CHIP clones: 49 (39.2%) participants had a VAF of ≥1% (vs. 13 [21.0%] in the control group; P=0.020), and 25 (20.0%) had a VAF of ≥2% (vs. 4 [6.5%]; P=0.028). AVS is independently associated with a VAF of ≥1% (adjusted odds ratio: 2.44, 95% confidence interval: 1.11–5.36; P=0.027). This trend was concordant and clearer in the IPTW cohort. Conclusions: Participants with AVS more commonly had larger CHIP clones than age- and sex-matched controls. Further studies are warranted to identify causality between AVS and CHIP.

A Neural Separation Algorithm for the Rounded Capacity Inequalities

Hyeonah Kim(김현아),Jinkyoo Park(박진규),Changhyun Kwon(권창현) 대한산업공학회 2023 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

PV Cell Model by Single-diode Electrical Equivalent Circuit

Hyeonah Park,Yong-Jung Kim,Hyosung Kim 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.5

This paper models PV cells as a single-diode electrical equivalent circuit. It extracts the parameters of the equivalent circuit through Thevenin-Norton transformation at three remarkable operation points such as open circuit condition, short circuit condition, and maximum power operating condition where the voltage and current are commonly provided by manufacturers. Since the slopes of the PV cell characteristic I-V curve at those operating points are associated with series resistance and shunt resistance of the electrical equivalent circuit, equivalent resistance at maximum power operation point, gradients of these three slops can be used as the boundary conditions to solve the unknown values of PV cell equivalent circuit. With this regards, this paper provides complete set of simultaneous equations to solve any type of PV cell models as single-diode equivalent circuit named by K-algorithm. Proposed method is advantageous as it not only describes the I-V curve of initial PV cell products that manufacturers ensure by the characteristic datasheets, but also properly describes the deformed I-V characteristic curve of practically aged PV cells by just measuring the voltage and current values of at three remarkable operating points.

A Comparative Analysis between Real and Virtual Stretchable Tight-Fitting Clothing

Hyeonah Kim,임호선 한국복식학회 2022 International journal of costume and fashion Vol.22 No.2

In order to expand the utilization range of 3D virtual clothing systems in the field of tight clothing, this study attempted to provide more in-depth research data to confirm the utility of CLO software in the field of tight-fitting clothing by comparing and evaluating the appearance similarity of 3D virtual clothing. In this study, the target outfit is selected as a basic short-sleeved top (Garment 1 without lining and subsidiary material), basic short-sleeved top with lining (Garment 2), chest cap (Garment 3), and chest cap (Garment 3-1) to determine the similarity among factors that may affect the appearance similarity of 3D virtual clothing. The costume pattern was digitized into YUKA CAD, the real fitting body was implemented in CLO through the 3D scan, and a 3D virtual image was produced. Then, Garments 1 to 3 were photographed and analyzed by evaluating the similarity between real and 3D virtual images on a 5-point scale to 10 experts. The results of this study are as follows. First, on evaluating the similarity between the real and 3D virtual images of Garments 1, 2, 3, and 3-1, the garments were seen that the implementation of lining insertion was similar and well-executed. There was no significant difference in the evaluation score of all garments to affect the usefulness of the CLO, although the difference between the evaluation scores of all garments was not significant, it was noted that the score of Garment 3 was the lowest, followed by Garment 3-1.

Optimization of activated withered flower hydrochar using design of experiments(DOE)

Jooyoung Kim,Soojin Kim,Noheul Park,Heejin Cho,Jihye Go,Hyeonah Jung,Soovin Joo,Hyelim Choi,Sunyoung Bae 한국분석과학회 2022 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

간호대학생의 봉사학습 프로그램 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구

김현아 ( Hyeonah Kim ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2020 인문사회 21 Vol.11 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 봉사학습 프로그램을 적용하여 간호대학생들의 경험적, 실천적 역량을 함양함으로써 사회가 요구하는 간호 인재양성에 도움이 되는 교과 활동과 통합된 봉사학습 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초를 마련하는 데 있다. 연구 참여자는 봉사학습 프로그램 참여 경험이 있는 8명의 간호학과 학생들로 하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2019년 11월부터 12월까지였으며, 자료 분석은 Colaizzi의 현상학적 분석 방법을 이용하였다. 연구 결과는 9개의 개념기술과 5개의 주제군이 확인되었다. 5개의 주제군은 ‘감동이 있는 삶으로의 변화’, ‘나눔과 베풂의 삶’, ‘나의 가치를 실현하는 보람’, ‘행복을 경험하는 기쁨’, ‘참된 봉사의 의미를 돌아봄’이었다. 본 연구는 간호 인재 양성에 도움이 되는 봉사학습 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다는 점에 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to cultivate the experiential and practical capabilities of nursing college students by applying a service-learning program to prepare a foundation for the development of a service-learning program integrated with curriculum activities that help nurture nursing talent required by society. Participants in this study were 8 nursing students who had experienced in participating in service-learning programs. Data were collected from November to December 2019 and were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. As a result of the study, nine conceptual descriptions and five theme clusters were identified. The Five theme clusters were ‘change to an inspiring life’, ‘life of sharing and giving’, ‘reward for realizing my values’, ‘the joy of experiencing happiness’, and ‘reflecting on the meaning of true service.’ This study is meaningful in that it provided basic data for the development of service-learning programs that help nurture nursing talent.

팀 기반 학습을 수강한 간호대학생의 경험

김현아(Hyeonah Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.9

본 연구는 TBL(Team-Based Learning) 수업을 경험한 간호 대학생의 체험 의미를 밝히고자 하는 현상학적 연구이다. 본 연구의 목적은 TBL 수업을 적용하여 학습성과를 향상시킴으로써 임상현장에서 요구하는 전문 간호 인력 양성에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구의 참가자들은 성인간호학 TBL 수업을 수강한 간호학과 7명의 학생들이다. 자료는 참여관찰과 심층면담을 통해 수집되었으며, Colaizzi의 현상학적 분석 방법을 이용해 분석하였다. 유의한 연구 결과로 9개의 개념기술과 5개의 주제군이 도출되었다. 학생들이 경험한 주요 주제군은 ‘최상의 결과를 위해 매진함’, ‘자기주도적인 학습태도가 형성됨’, ‘공동의 지식창조자가 됨’, ‘활동적인 수업시간’, ‘무의미한 동료평가’였다. 주요 개념기술은 ‘자신의 역할을 다 하기 위해 최선을 다함’, ‘사전학습으로 수업을 준비함’, ‘사전학습을 통해 자신감이 형성됨’, ‘친구들과의 상호작용을 통한 문제해결’, ‘서로의 멘토가 되어줌’, ‘함께 협력하여 문제해결을 함’, ‘친밀감이 형성됨’, ‘활기찬 수업시간’, ‘친분에 얽매인 동료평가’였다. 본 연구는 학습자 중심의 수업과 자기 주도적 학습을 가능하게 하여 간호학생들의 학습성과 향상에 기여함으로써 임상현장에서 요구하는 전문 간호인력 양성에 기여하게 될 것이다. This phenomenological study aims to explore Nursing Students’ Experiences who have experienced team-based learning (TBL). The purpose of this study is to contribute to fostering professional nurses required in the clinical field by improving the learning outcomes by applying the TBL classes. The study participants were seven students of the nursing department who took TBL classes in adult nursing classes. The data were collected through participating observations and in-depth interviews, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological methods. As a result of the study, nine conceptual descriptions and five theme clusters were derived. The major theme clusters for the experiences of students were ‘Dedication to best results’, ‘Self-led learning attitudes are formed’, ‘Becoming a communal knowledge creator’, ‘Active class time’, and ‘Meaningless peer evaluation’. Nine conceptual descriptions were ‘Doing one’s best to fulfill one’s role’, ‘Preparing for the class with the pre-learning’, ‘Forming confidence through pre-learning’, ‘Solving problems through interaction with friends’ , ‘Becoming a mentor to each other’, ‘Working together to resolve issues’, ‘Intimacy formed’, ‘A lively class’, and ‘Peer evaluation with familiarity’. This study contributes to the improvement of the learning outcomes of the nursing students by enabling learner-centered classes and self-led learning, thereby contributing to fostering the professional nursing manpower required in the clinical field.

MMH-NTO 이원추진제 추력기의 배기가스 거동 해석 연구

김현아(Hyeonah Kim),이균호(Kyun Ho Lee) 한국항공우주학회 2017 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.45 No.4

우주비행체는 우주공간에서 소형 추력기를 통해 연소가스를 노즐 외부로 배출시킴으로써 궤도보정 및 자세제어에 필요한 반작용 모멘텀을 발생시킨다. 이때 배출된 배기가스가 우주비행체의 표면과 충돌하면서 발생된 교란 힘 및 교란토크, 열 부하, 표면 오염 등은 우주비행체의 수명 단축 및 기능저하를 유발시킬 수 있으므로 추력기 배기가스 거동에 관한 예측은 우주비행체 설계시 매우 중요한 절차라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 우주비행체의 자세제어용 추력기로 사용되는 10 N급 이원추진제 추력기의 배기가스 거동을 수치적으로 해석함으로써 우주비행체 설계에 필요한 핵심기술을 확보하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 모노메틸하이드라진(MMH) 연료와 사산화이질소(NTO) 산화제의 화학평형반응과 추력기 노즐 내부 연속체 영역 계산을 수행한 후 배기가스 해석을 위한 직접모사법(DSMC)의 유입조건으로 적용하였다. 해석 결과, 이원추진제 추력기 노즐 부근에서 배기가스의 화학종 박리와 같은 비평형 팽창과 후방유동의 특성들을 예측할 수 있었다. A spacecraft obtains a reaction momentum required for an orbit correction and an attitude control by exhausting a combustion gas through a small thruster in space. If the exhaust plume collides with spacecraft surfaces, it is very important to predict the exhaust plume behavior of the thruster when designing a satellite, because a generated disturbance force/torque, a heat load and a surface contamination can yield a life shortening and a reduction of the spacecraft function. The purpose of the present study is to ensure the core technology required for the spacecraft design by analyzing numerically the exhaust gas behavior of the 10 N class bipropellant thruster for an attitude control of the spacecraft. To do this, calculation results of chemical equilibrium reaction between a MMH for fuel and a NTO for oxidizer, and continuum region of the nozzle inside are implemented as inlet conditions of the DSMC method for the exhaust plume analysis. From these results, it is possible to predict a nonequilibrium expansion such as a species separation and a backflow in the vicinity of the bipropellant thruster nozzle.

태양광전지 성능 분석기 개발

박현아(Hyeonah Park),김성준(Sungjun Kim),장혜원(Hyewon Jang),김효성(Hyosung Kim) 전력전자학회 2013 전력전자학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.7