상아질에 적용된 재 습윤제가 미세인장 결합강도에 미치는 영향

강희영,조영곤,김종욱,박병철,유상훈,진철희,최희영,기영재 大韓齒科保存學會 2004 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.29 No.2

This study investigated that the effect of rewetting agent on dentinal microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Human molars were sectioned to expose the superficial dentin surfaces. Samples were divided into two groups according to type of adhesives-Single Bond (S) and One-Step (0)], and again subdivided into five groups by different dentin surface treatment-dry for 15s (D) , blot dry (BD) or dry for 15s, and rewet with different rewetting agents[distil1ed water (DW), Gluma Desensitizer (GD) and Aqua-Prep (AP)]for 30s. After application of adhesive, composite resin was built up on the bonding surface. Each tooth was sectioned to obtain stick with 1mm^(2) cross sectional area and the μTBS was determined by EZ test. In the S group, the mean μTBS of GD, AP and BD group was significantly higher than that of DW and D group (p < 0.05). In the 0 group, the mean μTBS of AP, GD, BD and DW group was significantly higher than that of D group (p < 0.05). The data suggested that Gluma Desensitizer and Aqua-Prep could be successfully used as rewetting agents, and Distilled water could be acceptable in aceton based adhesive system only.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

선천성 수근관 증후군 1례 보고

이규훈,황치문,김민석,김희상,안경회 大韓再活醫學會 1998 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.22 No.3

하악골 골절에 대한 임상통계학적 연구

이성훈,김기영,조규승,소광섭,박홍주,조요기,오희균,유선열 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1998 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.20 No.1

IgG GM₁ 항체와 Campylobacter jejuni 항체와 관련된 급성 운동축삭형 신경병증

홍경훈,김승현,이영배,이영주,김희태,김주한,김명호 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.5

광결합 절연증폭기를 이용한 아날로그 센서회로 연구

안희욱,정훈주 금오공과대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

전기절연이 가능하면서 교류신호 뿐만 아니라 직류신호도 전달할 수 있는 선형 광결합 소자가 최근에 소개되었다. 정보처리시스템과 전원장치 등에 많이 사용되는 절연형 증폭기로서 활용될 가능성이 높으므로 관심이 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 선형 광결합 증폭기의 특성과 설계방법을 살펴본 후에, 응용 예에 대한 실험과 시뮬레이션을 통하여, 증폭기의 문제점을 분석하고 그 해결책을 제안한다. 대표적인 문제점으로서 발진현상이 발견되었으며, 광결합 소자의 극점이 루프 전달함수에 추가되어 위상마진이 악화된 때문임을 밝혔다. Linear opto-coupler devices that can transfer isolated DC signals as well as AC signals have been introduced recently. The device is expected to be widely used for isolated amplifiers included in information processing system and power supplies. In this paper, the characteristics of the device and circuit design techniques are surveyed. Problems of the amplifier circuit, if any, are analyzed by experiment, and solutions for the problem are proposed. A typical problem found is oscillatory response, the cause of which is analyzed by PSPICE simulation. The analysis result shows that the phase margin in loop transfer function of the feedback control loop is decreased due to a pole introduced by the device.

臨時의 地位를 정하는 假處分

李訓熙 湖南大學校 1997 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.18 No.1

The provisional disposition about deciding on temporary positions is generated when the interested parties make a temporary legal matter or plan attainment escaping remarkable damages or preventing pressing outrage until dispute is solved, because the interested parties's dispute is not dissolved. Like this, provisional disposition is a typical instance of nonlitigation. When the modern Civil Proceedings Act is formed, a civil case accompanies judicial procedure that institutes a suit and pleads at the bar and makes judgement as a general rule. On the other hand nonlitigation is acknowledged as an exceptional case and limited case. But formerly a judicial case transfer to the domain of nonlitigation and not a judicial procedure or a law cutting in two with one stroke of the sword, but application of a discretion increases gradually. That is a suit's nonlitigation tendency. The primary cause of suit's nonlitigation tendency are ; an excessive guard against the wilfulness of jucidiary, looking forward to quickly flexible economic legal formalities, requesting individually non-typically procedure. In the welfare state, the general articles increase and a provision that gives judiciary something to discretion occurs in succession, and this tendency are remarkable. The provisional disposition about deciding on temporary positions becomes the object of provisional disposition on concerning property under dispute. Addtionally the objects are extensive and various, because all right relationship becomes its preserving right. It is a national system-meet cope with the modern social economic situation and it is a judicial sysem-protect a social economic weak person and realize a constitutional state's ideal. Accordingly, its requisites or provisions are abstract and all concrete things depend on discretion of the judiciary. Therefore this research can be extended further.

전산유체 기법을 이용한 용존공기부상법에서의 접촉도 조건변화에 따른 충돌효율평가

김성훈,유제선,박희경 대한상하수도학회 2004 상하수도학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a solid-liquid separation process that uses fine rising bubbles to remove particles in water. Most of particle-bubble collision occurs in the DAF contact zone. This initial contact considered by the researchers to play a important role for DAF performance. It is hard to make up conceptual model through simple mass balance for estimating collision efficiency in the contact zone because coupled behavior of the solid-liquid-gas phase in DAF system is 90 complicate. In this study, 2-phase(gas-liquid) flow equations for the conservation of mass, momentum and turbulence quantities were solved using an Eulerian-Eulerian approach based on the assumption that very small particle is applied in the DAF system. For the modeling of turbulent 2-phase flow in the reactor, the standard k-ε mode Ⅰ(liquid phase) and zero-equation(gas phase) were used in CFD code because it is widely accepted and the coefficients for the model are well established. Particle-bubble collision efficiency was calculated using predicted turbulent energy dissipation rate and gas volume fraction. As the result of this study, the authors concluded that bubble size and recycle ratio play important role for flow pattern change in the reactor. Predicted collision efficiency using CFD showed good agreement with measured removal efficiency in the contact zone. Also, simulation results indicated that collision efficiency at 15% recycle ratio is higher than that of 10% and showed increasing tendency of the collision efficiency according to the decrease of the bubble size.

전산유체 기법을 이용한 DAF 부상조에서의 수리 특성 고찰

김성훈,유제선,김영미,박희경 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Dissolved air flotation is a solid-liquid separation process that uses fine rising bubbles to remove particles in water. DAF is found most effective in treating algae and lower density flocs that are hard to remove in sedimentation process. Some researcher reports the results of an experimental study which examined the flow within the flotation zone of a DAF tank (ONeill at al., 1997). I would be concluded that, in general, the flow within flotation zone is robust and that differences in the performance of individual DAF tanks must be the result of processes occurring within the contact zones of these tank, not as the result of flotation processes. In this research, the authors thought that the efficiency of the DAF process is strongly related to bubble size. It means bubble rising velocity at the air injection nozzle is most important factor of DAF process. However, bubble movement in DAF tank is somewhat complicate, so it is hard to make up conceptual model through simple mass balance as other researchers did (Leppinen at. al., 2000). For the modeling of turbulent 2-phase flow in the tank, the standard k-ε model was used in CFD code because it is widely accepted and the coefficients for the model are well established. This model uses the eddy-viscosity hypothesis for the turbulence. As the result of this study, the authors concluded that bubble size and its rising velocity is very important factor of DAF process and the recycle ratio must be also consider for the flotation zone parameter. Also, For the improved model, relation between turbulent intensity and bubble-particle attachment must be studied.

유·초등학생 장애이해 교육

이유훈,권택환,김희규,유장순,최세민 국립특수교육원 2003 연구보고서 Vol.- No.1

특수교육이 장애학생을 포함한 모든 학생의 특성과 요구에 부응하는 통합교육으로 발전하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 장애인에 대한 편견과 차별이 없어야 한다. 장애인에 대한 편견과 부정적인 태도는 결국 장애인의 사회통합에 부정적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 우선적으로 해결해야 할 과제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 「유ㆍ초등학생 장애이해 교육」자료를 개발ㆍ보급하여 장애인에 대한 편견과 차별을 해소하는데 그 목적을 두고, 전문가 협의회, 관련 문헌 탐색, 기존 장애이해 교육 자료 분석, 현장교사 설문 및 심층면담 등을 실시하였고, 이를 통해 얻은 연구 결과를 요약 정리하면 다음과 같다 첫째, 우리의 학교현장에서는 장애이해 교육 시간확보가 어려운 실정이다. 이런 현상은 교육경력이 낮은 교사일수록 또는 학교경영자와 일반교사의 이해가 부족할수록 더욱 심각하게 나타나는데, 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 국립특수교육원이나 시ㆍ도교육청에서 장애 이해 교육에 따른 시간확보 방안을 제공할 필요가 있다. 장애이해 교육의 필요성에 대한 학교경영자 및 일반교사의 인식 부족을 해결하기 위해서는 학교경영자와 일반교사가 특수교육과 장애인에 대한 이해를 넓힐 수 있도록 하는 다양한 연수프로그램이 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 장애이해 교육에 활용할 수 있는 자료의 양이 부족할 뿐 아니라, 기존에 개발된 자료를 활용할 수 있는 체계적인 방안이 마련되어 있지 많다는 점이다. 따라서 장애이해 교육에 활용할 수 있는 다양한 자료가 개발되어야 하고, 기존에 개발된 자료는 쉽게 활용될 수 있도록 종류별로 정리되어야 하고, 활용할 수 있는 구체적인 방법도 제시할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 장애이해 교육이 학기초나 '장애인의 날'과 같은 특정기간에 편중되어 있다는 점이다. 장애인식 개선을 위한 교육은 년 중 계획을 세워 일정기간 단위로 실시하여야 한다. 넷째, 장애이해 교육에 활용되는 모델이나 이해교육 방법이 주로 감각장애(시각장애ㆍ청각장애) 또는 지체부자유학생을 중심으로 되어 있다는 점이다. 교육현장에서는 발달장애학생도 많기 때문에 발달장애학생을 모델로 하는 장애이해 교육 프로그램이나 교수-학습방법도 지속적으로 개발되어야 한다. 다섯째, 장애이해 교육방법이 다양하지 못하다는 점이다. 장애이해 교육이 효율적으로 이루어지기 위해서는 장애인의 다양한 특성이 고려되어야 한다. 그러기 위해서는 교수활동 방법 또한 이들의 특성을 고려하여 보다 다양하게 이루어져야 할 것이다. 위에서 제시한 장애이해 교육 실태를 토대로 본 연구보고서에서는 현장교사들이 쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 1부, 2부로 나누어「유ㆍ초등학생 장애이해 교육자료」를 안내하였다. 제 1부 「장애이해 교육의 개관」에서는 장애이해 교육자료 개발의 필요성, 목적, 연구방법 및 절차, 장애이해 관련 제이론, 장애이해 교육의 현황 및 문제점, 개선방안 등을 기술하여 학교현장의 교사들이 장애이해 교육에 대해 보다 폭 법은 이해를 도모하도록 하였다. 제 2부 「장애이해 프로그램 및 교육자료」에서는 장애유형별 즉, 시각장애, 청각장애, 정신지체, 정서장애, 자폐성장애, 학습장애, 지체부자유 등으로 나누어 제시하여 교사들이 장애 이해 지도를 보다 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 하였고, 아울러 기존에 개발된 장애이해 교육자료를 도서, 방송프로그램, 영화, 인터넷 웹사이트 등으로 분류 제시하여 학교현장에서 학생의 수준과 활동 내용에 따라서 다양하게 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 프로그램은 「유ㆍ초등학생 장애이해 교육자료」의 한 예에 불과하다. 학교 현장의 지도 교사는 프로그램의 수준을 상향 또는 하향 조정하여 지도할 수 있으며, 생활 주변의 다양한 소재로 프로그램의 내용을 수정 또는 대체할 수 있다. 나아가 창의적으로 새로운 상황을 전개할 수 있도록 하는 노력도 필요하겠다. 2004년에는 「중ㆍ고등학생 장애이해 교육자료」가 개발되어 학교현장에 보급될 계획이다. In order for special education to develop into an inclusive education system that meets the characteristics and needs of all children, including those who are disabled, there must be no prejudices and discriminations against children who are physically or mentally challenged. As the biases and negative attitudes toward persons with disabilities could eventually exert negative influences on their integration into society, these tasks must be effectively taken care of above all else. This study, with the aim of dissolving prejudice and discrimination against the persons with disabilities by developing and disseminating materials for the "Education for Non-disabled Preschoolers and Elementary School Children to Understand Disabilities", has had consultations with experts, researched related books and other documents, analyzed the existing educational materials for understanding individuals with disabilities and conducted surveys on and interviews with teachers in the field of education. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the fact remains that it is difficult to secure time to educate on how to understand the children with disabilities at the nation's schools. Such a phenomenon occurs more seriously among teachers with less educational experiences as well as school managers and general education teachers without adequate understanding of the children with disabilities. To resolve this problem, either the Korea Institute for Special Education or the municipal and provincial educational agencies need to provide ideas to secure time to educate the understanding of those who are challenged. In order to solve the lack of understanding of the children with disabilities among school managers and general education teachers, various programs must be created and implemented to train the school administrators and regular teachers to expand their understanding of the persons with disabilities. Second, not only is the amount of materials available for the education of the children with disabilities insufficient, but moreover there are no systematic measures to make the most of those materials that are already developed. Therefore, diverse resources must be developed to use for educating the understanding disabilities, and already developed materials must be classified into categories for easy use along with concrete methods for utilizing such resources. Third, education for understanding the children with disabilities is concentrated on specific periods, such as the early semester or the "Day for the Persons with Disabilities". Education to improve the perception of disabilities should be conducted in periods under an annual program. Fourth, the models or methods used to educate for understanding the persons with disabilities are centered mainly on the individuals with sensory injured (with visual or hearing impairments) or the persons with physically disabled. At educational sites, there are many children with developmentally disabled and so educational programs and teaching-learning methods to educate the understanding of the children with disabilities should be modeled after the children with developmentally challenged. Fifth, the methods to educate the understanding of the persons with disabilities are not diverse. For the efficient education of the understanding disabilities, the diverse characteristics of the persons with disabilities should be taken into account. To be successful in this matter, more diverse methods of teaching activities also need to be used by considering the characteristics of the people with disabilities. On the basis of the reality of developing an understanding and proper awareness of those who are disabled as presented above, this study report guides the "Education for non-disabled preschoolers and elementary school children to understand disabilities" in Part 1 and Part 2 for easy use by teachers on active duty. In Part 1, titled as "A General Survey of Educating the Understanding of the Children with Disabilities", I have described the necessity and purpose of educating the understanding of the children with disabilities, its study methods and procedures, various theories on educating the understanding of the children with disabilities, the current situations and problems of educating the understanding of the children with disabilities and their improvement measures to deepen the understanding about educating the understanding disabilities by teachers on active duty. In Part 2, titled the "Programs to Educate the Understanding Disabilities and Educational Materials," I have classified types of disabilities into visual impairment, hearing impairment, mental retardation, emotional disorder, autism, learning disability and the physical impairment for easy approach to educate the understanding disabilities by teachers. At the same time, I re-categorized the already developed materials to educate the understanding disabilities into books, broadcasting programs, movies, Internet web-sites and others for diverse use at schools according to the children' levels and activities. This program is just one example of the "Education for Non-disabled Preschoolers and Elementary School Children to Understand Disabilities". I have arranged it in such a way as to allow teachers to teach the children by upgrading or downgrading the program's level as well as modifying or replacing the contents of this program by using various materials that can be obtained in everyday lives. In 2004, I am planning to develop and distribute the "Education for non-disabled Middle-and High-school Students to Understand Disabilities".