투고논문 : 회연서원(檜淵書院)의 입지환경(立地環境)과 풍수논리(風水論理)

박정해 ( Park Jeong Hae ) 경북대학교 퇴계연구소 2015 퇴계학과 유교문화 Vol.56 No.-

본 연구는 한강 정구의 학문세계와 연혁을 간단히 살펴보고, 아울러 회연서원 의 연혁도 살펴본다. 또한, 회연서원 입지에 나타난 풍수적 특징과 공간구성의 논리성을 살펴보고자 한다. 특히 회연서원의 입지에 나타난 풍수적 특징을 형세적 관점과 이기론적 관점에서 살펴본다. 우리의 전통교육기관이자 학문탐구의 장이었던 서원은 그 중요성만큼이나 의 미 있는 입지를 선정하였는데, 이는 현대 교육기관 입지선정의 지침과 같은 의미를 갖는다. 회연서원의 입지선정과 공간구성은 풍수에 바탕을 두고 길지를 찾아 최대공약수를 이룰 수 있는 공간을 구성하였다. 또한, 학문과 시대적 상황을 반영하여 자연과 어우러진 한적한 환경에 작은 집을 짓고 성리학의 이상향을 실천하고자 하였던 16세기 조선 유학자들의 사상적 기반을 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 특히, 주자의 풍수인식과 영향은 컸고, 무이구곡과 무이정사를 이상향으로 인식하는데 그치지 않고, 회연서원을 통해 현실 속에 실천하였던 것이다. In this study, the chronological history and scholarship of Han-gang Jeong- Ku is examined. And features of Feng shui and logic of spatial composition in Hoeyeon Seowon are also researched. Especially, locational features of Hoeyeon Seowon are focused with the view of topographic situation and Lichi theory. Seowon was an educational institution and a lecture hall for academic sermon in Korean tradition. And because of its importance, its location select was dealt with full consideration which is the same as at present. The location selection and spatial composition of Hoeyeon Seowon was to be selected from the most optimum place, by seeking and applying a propitious site based on Feng shui. Also, through reflecting academic and periodic situation, it was constructed with a small scaled building at a tranquil place which was to harmonize with nature. And it shows that with ideological base of Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty period in the 16th century, who hoped to realize the ideal world of Neo-Confucianism. Especially, they ware strongly affected by the Feng shui idea of Chu-tzu, and they physically realized their ideal world such as Mu-Yi-Ku-Gok and Mu-Yi-Jeong-Sa within Hoeyeon Seowon without considering it just as an ideal one.

Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics

Gui-Sun Moon,Sun-Woong Kim,Jeong-Ah Shin,Hae-Kyung Wee,Jong Un Park,Myung-Kwan Park,Wonil Chung 현대문법학회 2018 현대문법연구 Vol.99 No.-

Gui-Sun Moon, Sun-Woong Kim, Jeong-Ah Shin, Hae-Kyung Wee, Jong Un Park, Myung-Kwan Park, and Wonil Chung. 2018. Voice Mismatch Meets Neurolinguistics. Studies in Modern Grammar 99, 85-115. This paper aims to investigate Korean advanced L2 English learners’ strategies for ellipsis resolution during sentence processing. Ellipsis resolution is known to involve several stages of information processing from the initial step of detecting an ellipsis-licensing element by the parser to the final stage of integrating the ellipsis site with the information retrieved from the antecedent of the ellipsis site. In examining these steps, we have manipulated three factors: (i) TP vs. VP-ellipsis; (ii) two types of discourse coherence relations (resemblance(-contrast) vs. cause-effect relations); (iii) voice match vs. mismatch. We found through the ERP recordings that voice mismatch in TP ellipsis elicited N400, followed by P600, irrespective of discourse coherence relations. In contrast, voice mismatch in VP-ellipsis registered N400 only in resemblance(-contrast) relation, but not in cause-effect relation. These findings lead us to conclude that Korean advanced L2 learners of English seem to undergo the full sequence of processing stages required for ellipsis resolution.

뇌하수체 종양 제거술 시행 후 뒤늦게 발생한 횡문근 융해증과 동반된 중추성 열

장제혁,최규남,김일환,노은지,김윤정,유충헌,고정해,박봉수,김태균,권민정,이순희,박정현 인제대학교 2008 仁濟醫學 Vol.29 No.-

Body temperature is controlled by thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus. We report a case of 24 years old man with central fever. He was subjected to a partial excision of pituitary tumor compressing optic chiasm four years ago. He has received hormonal therapy for panhypothyroidism after removal of pituitary tumor. And He received gamma knife operation for partially contrast-enhancing masses in suprasellar and both hypothalamic areas that is probably postoperatively remnant or recurrent tumor of pituitary adenoma. One year after gamma knife operation, he presented with a febrile syndrome of unknown origin including rhabdomyolysis. All usual investigations proved negative. We diagnosed him as central fever with rhabdomyolysis. He received medical ICU care with cooling bed, ice pack. And his symptom improved. Postoperative hyperthermia may result following resection of the pituitary tumor. When central fever is suspected taking note of past history, a quick recognition of course of fever can help reduce the using of unnecessary antibiotics and hospital stay.

외음부와 자궁에 생긴 평활근종 1예

박혜인,이해혁,김태희,김정식,남계현,이권해,고은석 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2

The leiomyomas of the vulva are rare benign tumors the incidence is 0.024%~0.55% in women. There are no relationship between leiomyomas of the vulva and uterus. But there are some reports that leiomyomas of the vulva and uterus simultaneously. The leiomyomas of the vulva present without symptoms and excision with biopsy is treatment of choice. Tumors of the gynecological apparatus may present without symptoms, or they may mimic other common gynecological conditions. Because of this, any vulva mass must be considered cautiously. We reported this case with a brief review of the concerned literatures.

도시근로자 가구의 외식소비 패턴 : 1963년에서 1992년 사이의 변화를 중심으로

박혜련,류정순 명지대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학논문집 Vol.13 No.-

지나간 30년간 도시근로자 가구의 외식소비패턴을 '93 통계청 도시가계연보에 제시된 자료를 이용하여 시계열적으로 분석하였다. 가구의 소득이 증가함에 따라 총식품비, 총외식비 및 총식품비에 대한 외식비율은 지속적으로 증가하였고 소득의 증가율에 대한 외식소비의 증가율(소득탄력성)은 1985년 까지는 늘어나는 경향을 보였고 사치재적 성격을 보였으나 그 후 부터는 더 이상 늘지않았고 경기순화 cycle과도 무관하여 필수재적 성격을 나타내었다. 사회계층별로 외식소비액을 분석하여볼 때 수입이 높을수록, 연령이 많아질수록, 학력이 높을수록 외식 소비총액이 증가하여 안정되고 여유있는 생활수준을 대변하였고 50대 이상 가구와 대학원 졸업의 고학력층 가구에서 외식소비액이 기타 계층에 비해 특히 많아 전문직을 가진 맞벌이 가정의 외식 소비패턴을 보여주었으며 90년대 이 후에는 30대 보다 20대의 외식지출총액이 더 커서 새로운 세대의 식생활 행태를 보여주었다. 이상의 분석결과로 볼 때 생활수준의 향상에 따라 외식소비는 계속 증가할 전망이며 특히 저소득층과 20대의 외식소비의 비율은 중산층에 비해 당분간 크게 증가할 것으로 전망되어 외식소비에 대한 영향교육 및 정책적 배려가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. Dining-out expenditure patterns of urban wage earner-households have been observed for the past 30 years based on the data provided by the Bureau of the National Statistics. Total food expenditure and dining-out expenditure rate among food expenditure have been increasing consistently for the past 30 years. The income elasticity of dining-out expenditure shows that it can be considered as the essential goods especially after late 80s. Analyses by socioeconomic strata showed that dining-out expenditure increases as education level, age, and income of the householders increases. But the dining-out expenditure of age of 20s were greater than that of 30s after 1990, which shows a big change in food consumption patters of new generation. These findings are important for predicting the trend of future food consumption patterns and can be applied for food policy making and nutrition education.

사지의 급성동맥 색전증에 대한 응급동맥 색전제거술

박철완,원형섭,박정배,이근,조상훈,표창해,김상일 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Acute arterial occlusion of the extremities is often a surgical emergency and is due mostly to arterial embolus. It has infrequently been reported in the emergency department. Cardiac embolism is most commonly the result of atrial fibrillation secondary to valvular heart disease followed by ischemic heart disease. The emergency arterial embolectomy by Fogarty balloon catheter works well when the cause of occlusion is cardiac embolus obstructing normal vessels in a patient with valvular heart disease. Recently we met some patients with acute critical ischemia of the extremities due to arterial emboli in our emergency department. On physical examination, they all had symptoms of 5"P"s(pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis). After emergency arterial embolect omy, immediate improvement was observed in all patients. They were discharged within 1 week. We report our experiences with the review of literatures.

Screen Printing Method로 제작된 CdS 막의 광전도도

정해문,박철수 木浦大學校基礎科學硏究所 1985 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

Photoconductive CdS films doped with CI were prepared by screen printing and sintering of CdS paste. The CdS paste consists of CdS, CdCl₂, and propylene glycol. The results of X-ray measurements showed that these samples belong to hexagonal structure, and the lattice constant were a=4.13A, c=6.71A. The spectral response of photoconductivity has two maxima. The one photoconductivity peak was observed at 524nm and the other broad peak at larger wavelength region at 285K. As the temperature decreases, the energy position of the maximum due to band absorption shifts towards shorter wavelength, and give a temperature coefficient of photoconductivity band peak of about ??. The rise and decay time of the photocontivity were 0.8ms and 0.7ms.

경골 골수정 고정술후 교합나사의 파단

박형빈,강번중,송해룡,구경회,정순택,조세현 대한골절학회 2002 대한골절학회지 Vol.15 No.4

목 적 : 경골 골절에서 골수정 고정술후 발생하는 교합나사 파단의 빈도와 발생 원인을 밝히고자한다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 3월부터 2000년 10월까지 골수정으로 치료하였던 경골 간부골절 82예중 내고정물 파단이 발생하거나 골유합이 이루질 때까지 추시 가능하였던 75예를 대상으로 하였다. 내고정물 파단 빈도와 위치, 골절의 양상, 술후 골절부 신연 및 골유합 이상 여부를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 교합나사 파단은 7예였고 (9.3%), 근위부 두 번째 나사의 파단이 가장 흔하였다. 교합나사으 ㅣ파단은 AO분류 B형과 C형 골절, 술후 골절부가 신연된 경우, 개발성골절, 자연유합 및 불유합의 경우 발생하였다. 결 론 : 교합나사 파단의 주된 요인은 골절부의 골과 골 접촉이 불안정하기 때문이며, 개방성 골절, 지연유합 및 불유합도 교합나사 파단의 위험인자라고 생각한다. 교합나사 파단을 예방하기 위해서는 수술시 골절부 신연을 피해야하며 골절부 골접촉이 불안정한 경우 완전 체중부하를 골유합시까지 제한하여야할 것으로 생각한다. Purpose : The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and the causes of crew breakage in tibia nailing. Materials and Methods : Between 1995 and 2000, eighty-two tibial diaphyseal fracture were treated with interlocking nails. The loss of follow-up was 7 cases. We retrospectively reviewed seventy-five cases. We investigated the rate and location of metal failure and evaluated the fracture pattern, the presence of distraction after nailing and union abnormality. Results : Screw breakage was identified in seven cases (9.3%) and most frequently occurred on the second proximal locking screw. Screw breakage occurred in AO type B or C type fractures, fracture site distraction after nailing, open fracture, delayed union and nonunion. Conclusion : The main cause of screw breakage is unstable bone to bone contact on the fracture site caused by comminution of distraction. The open fracture, delayed union, and nonunion also contributing factors for screw breakage. For preventing screw breakage, it is necessary to avoid fracture site distraction and delay full weight bearing in cases having unstable fracture site contact.

Comet assay를 이용한 Ferric Sulfate의 유전자 독성에 대한 연구

박혜련,정태성,김신,강호승 大韓小兒齒科學會 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

치수절단술은 유치의 치수치료 방법 중 사용빈도가 높은 시술 중 하나로 치수절단 술식에 사용되는 약제는 치수나 주위조직에 무해하여야 하며, 감염이나 내흡수 등의 부작용이 없어야 한다. 본 연구는 임상에서 유치의 지혈적 치수절단 술식의 약제로 사용되는 ferric sulfate의 유전자 독성을 평가할 목적으로 human gingival fibroblast에 ferric sulfate를 다양한 농도와 접촉시간을 설정한 후 comet assay를 이용하여 유전자 독성을 평가하여 보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 농도에 따른 세포의 유전자 손상정도의 변화는 ferric sulfate의 농도에 비례하여 유전자 손상이 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 2. 농도에 따른 세포의 유전자 손상정도는 0.1,mM이상의 농도에서 대조군과 유의한 차이를 나타내었다.(p<0.05) 3. 시간경과에 따른 세포의 유전자 독성의 변화는 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). Although ferric sulfate has been proposed as an alternative to formocresol in pulpotmy treatment in primary teeth, it has been given little concern regarding its cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. In the present study, we assessed the in vitro genotoxic effect of a ferric sulfate on human gingival fibroblast cell line (HGF-1), DNA damage was evaluated using comet assay (single cell alkaline gel electrophoresis) and obtained the results as follows: 1. A dose-response relationship was found between ferric sulfate concentrations (0 to 5mM)and DNA damages. 2. Above the concentration of 0.1mM, DNA damage was significantly increased than those of the control (p<0.05). 3. At the fixed concentration of 0.05mM, no significant difference was found between exposure time and DNA damage. These findings suggest that ferric sulfate as a pulpotomy agent can induce DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts.

λ-경쇄형 다발성 골수종 1예

박용관,김태원,장영,김진호,강정원,천영욱,박유환,정춘해 조선대학교 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.1

Multiple myeloma is a disease caused by neoplastic plasma cells that synthesize abnormal amouts of immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin fragments. Light chain myeloma are regarded as a separate category characterized by a more malignant clinical course. Light chain myelomas are said to grow fastest of all and are associated with more osteolytic lesions, more hypercalcemia, and a higher incidence of renal failure and amyloidsis than either the IgG, IgA varienties The authors experienced a case of patients with λ-light chain myeloma. A 43-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of both rib and lower back pain. The radiologic findings showed multiple pathologic fracture in ribs. osteolytic lesions in 2nd, 3rd cervical spineimmuture plasma cells. Serum electrophoresis showed normal finding. Urine electrophoresis evealed an M-spike. Urine immunoelectrophoress demonstrated λ-monoclonal protein. With the cycle of melphalan, prednisone and α-interferon chemotherapy improved of pain was observed. So we reported the case with brief review of previous literature.