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방석윤,김은정,김현정,김영진,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.3
저위교합이란 능동적 맹출기 동안이나 이후 해당치아의 교합면 방향으로의 성장이 멈추어 다른 치아들보다 하방에 존재하는 것을 말한다 저위교합치의 결과로 침하치의 만기잔존, 부정교합, 증가된 치아우식 감수성과 치주질환의 가능성, 계승치의 이동 등이 나타날 수 있다. 따라서 조기진단 및 적절한 처치가 필요하다. 저위교합치의 치료는 저위교합 정도나 후속 영구치의 발육정도에 따라 보존에서 발치까지 다양하다. 영구 계승치가 없거나 부분적인 침하치가 치주적으로 건전한 경우, 공간문제를 발생하지 않는 경우 보존적인 접근이 추천되기도 한다. 그러나 계승치가 존재하고 맹출이 지연되는 경우, 국소적인 염증반응과 관련되는 경우 교정적인 치료가 필요한 경우에는 발거가 필요할 수도 있다. 특히 저위교합된 유구치의 상방으로 인접치가 경사되어 악궁장경에 문제를 초래할 위험이 있는 경우 외과적인 발치가 필요할 수도 있으며 경사가 심한 경우 발치를 위한 외과적 접근이 힘들 수 있다. 심하게 경사된 인접치로 인하여 저위교합치의 외과적 발거가 힘들 환아에서 가철성 교정장치를 이용하여 공간확보를 진행 하였으며 보다 용이하게 치아를 발거할 수 있었다. Infraclusion may be defined as teeth that stop their relative occlusal movement in the dental arches during or after the period of active eruption and then remain under the occlusal plane. Delayed exfoliation, malocclusion, increased susceptibility to dental caries and periodontal disease of both the neighboring teeth and retained molar, and dislocation of' the successor are the consequencces of infraclusion of primary molars. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatments are necessary. The therapeutic approach of' the infracluded teeth varied from preservation to extraction. The teeth with simple infraclusion without any signs of interference with occlusal and jaw development may be examined periodically with fellow-up check and radiographically. However, if the infracluded tooth interferes with normal eruption of successor or shows any sign of delayed resorption, or the tipping of adjacent teeth or supraeruption of op-posing teeth is expected, the teeth inflicted should be extracted and appropriate measures should be provided in order to maintain the normal development of occlusion and dentition. The adjacent teeth which have been collapsed over a infracluded deciduous teeth can disturb the arch length perimeter. In such cases, surgical approach might be necessary, although it would be difficult when teeth are severly leaned. However, an easier surgical access have been obtained by space regaining procedures, in young patients whose arch length has been shortened due to the infracluded teeth.
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박정덕,임헌방,최병선,권일훈,이상연,강은용,홍연표,장임원 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Cadmium(Cd) is an ubiquitous, toxic and nonessential metal which is controversial about the association with a cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the reference level of Cd in myocardium in Korean general population. The level of Cd and zinc(Zn) concentration in myocardium of 252 cases of "sudden and unexpected death" autopsies (male: 172, female : 60) aged 0 to 87 years was analyzed. The concentration of Cd and Zn was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer(Perkin-Elmer Model 5100) by flameless and flame method, respectively. The content of Cd and Zn in myocardium showed the log-normal distribution rather than normal distribution. Geometric mean concentration of Cd was 0.19 ㎍/g wet weight in myocardium. The level of Cd in myocardium was not significantly different between male (0.18㎍/g wet weight) and female (0.22㎍/g wet weight). Geometric mean concentration of Zn in myocardium was 25.25 ㎍/g wet weight. The level of Zn between male (25.13 ㎍/g wet weight) and female (25.57㎍/g wet weight) was not different. The deposit of Cd in myocardium was age-dependent of biphasic pattern, but the Zn level by age was not significantly different. The level of Cd in myocardium was increased to the fifties of age, thereafter a leveling-off was shown. The regression model of Cd deposit in myocardium by age was predicted as the following equation: Log Heart-Cd= -1.2726 + 0.0234 ·Age -0.0002 ·Age². The maximum Cd deposit in myocardium was estimated to be 0.26 ㎍/g wet weight at the age of 58.5 in Korean general population. In addition, the total Cd burden in heart by age was predicted as a following equation: Total Cd burden in Heart= -10.165+2.891 ·Age -0.0258 ·Age². The maximum heart burden of Cd was estimated to be 70.7㎍ at age of 55.4. The positive correlation between Cd and Zn was observed in myocardium. The linear regression equation was Log Heart-Zn = 1.4195+0.0262 ·Log Heart-Cd.
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중학교 과학영재 담당교사의 PCK 요소의 특징과 관련성
김선경,민희정,방은정,백성혜 韓國英才學會 2011 영재교육연구 Vol.21 No.4
중학교 과학영재 담당교사의 수업을 관찰하여 Pedagogical Content Knowledge(PCK)의 요소 를 분석하고, 요소간의 관련성을 알아보았다. 연구 대상은 대도시 지역의 중학생 대상 영재교 육원에서 과학을 가르치는 교사 4명이었으며, 전공은 각각 물리, 화학, 생물, 지구과학이고 2 명은 전임교사, 2명은 겸임교사였다. 또한 전임교사들은 영재학생들만 가르쳤고, 겸임교사들 은 보통 일반학생들을 가르쳤고, 특별히 주 1회 영재학생들을 가르쳤다. 수업관찰, 반구조화 된 인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 문서자료를 수집하여 질적으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 과학영재 담당교사의 PCK 요소의 몇 가지 특징이 나타났다. 교사들의 과학교수지향은 PCK의 요소들 과 긴밀하게 상호작용하고 있었다. 교사들의 교육과정지식은 교사에 따라 상이했지만, 학습 유형의 선택은 교사의 영재 교육 및 수업의 목표와 관련되어 있었다. 또한 이러한 교육과정 지식은 학생에 대한 이해의 영향을 받았다. 교사들은 교육과정지식과 학생에 대한 이해에 따 라 수업에서 서로 다른 교수전략을 사용하고 있었다. 또한 PCK의 요소들의 관계는 밀접했으 며 방향성을 가지고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 PCK의 요소와 관계성을 설명하기 위해 사면체 모델을 제안했다. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of Pedagogical Content knowledge(PCK)'s components through actual course of teachers of science gifted students in the middle school. For this study, four middle school science teachers of gifted students belonging to the gifted education professional organizations in a metropolis were selected, each of them was physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science teacher. Two of them were full-time teachers to teach only gifted students and two were part-time teachers who had taught general students in ordinary time and specially had taught the gifted students once a week. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, and documents. As a result, some unique characteristics of PCK's components were identified. The teachers' orientations to teaching science were closely correlated with PCK's components. The teachers' knowledges of science curriculum were different individually. But the decisions about type of teaching(acceleration or enrichment) were connected with the objectives of gifted education and lesson objectives. Also, the teachers' knowledges of science curriculum were influenced by the knowledge of students' understanding. Teachers used different instructional strategies according to the knowledge of science curriculum and the knowledge of students' understanding. We found that PCK's components were so closely connected and could show the direction of relationships among those PCK's components. We suggested teachers' PCK model which was named "Tetrahedron Model of PCK", to explain the characteristics and relationships of PCK's components.
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공성화,방찌야,서민숙,현신숙,김희정,이미애1,이미애2,유현희,허재경,김은애,박경숙 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of oncology ward nurses toward cancer pain management and to find ways to improve the educational program for nurses. Method: A total of 209 nurses working at the oncology ward of three hospitals in Seoul and a Gyenggi Province. The survey instrument used was the 32-item scale for evaluating nurses knowledge and attitudes originally developed by McCaffery and Ferrell'(1990). that was by Kim'(1997). Result: In terms of the nurses knowledge of pain management. the result showed that the nurses scored an average of 67.8 out of 100 for phamacokinetics of opioids. 84.8 for classification of analgesics, 60.1 for pain assessment, and 70.7 for drug administration. 18.2% of the nurses hesitate to inject the narcotic agent because of concerns regarding the drug's potential side effects. there was significant difference in the knowledge of pain management according to the general characteristics of pain in terms of the nurses age(p=.001), position (p=.016). years of experiences(p=.002), experience of cancer pain education(p= .001). Conclusion: The also showed that nurses working at cancer ward lack knowledge. It is important to provide intensive education to nurses about cancer pain management.
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최상원,정관용,오남희,김은영,방정환,김정우,여문환 한국환경과학회 2000 한국환경과학회지 Vol.9 No.5
The antibacterial effect amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) surfactant on fish pathogens was studied. Fish pathogens of Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus sp. were selected, cultured in nutrient agar and adjusted at 2 × 10 exp (5)∼10 exp (6) CFU/㎖ in phosphate buffer saline before the addtion of amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) surfactant with different concentrations. All tested pathogens died within 1 hour with 1 ppm of amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) surfactant. In comparison with formalin and ET, amino acid-copper(Ⅱ) surfactnat was more effective in antibacterial capacity.
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김영희,김정수,김정애,방숙명,배경진,이애경,장은정,정안순,주미경,최나영 경복대학 1998 京福論叢 Vol.2 No.-
교과과정의 조직은 체계적이고 뜻이 있는 순서로 학생들을 가르치기 위해 지식을 어떻게 조직화할 것인지와, 과목들 사이에서 공통된 내용은 통합시켜 중첩되는 일이 없도록 조정할 필요가 있다. 이에 현재 본 대학 간호과에서 운영되었던 97학년도의 17개 전공과목들의 교과과정의 내용을 비교, 분석하여 중복을 줄이며 순차적 지식의 습득을 도모하는 새로운 통합교과과정의 틀을 개발, 제시함으로써 보다 나은 전문직 간호교육이 이루어지도록 하고자 하였다. Most curricula are considered how to teach the student in systematic and meaningful orders. And it is necessary to coordinate the duplicate contents in major subjects in nursing. So this study was designed to set up a new comprehensive curriculum through comparing and ananlyzing each seventeen major subjects in Nursing Department of Kyung-Bok College. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the new comprehensive curricula for promoting the efficiency and effectiveness in diploma degree course of nursing education.
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