Life Science : Evaluation of physicochemical properties, skin permeation and accumulation profiles of salicylic acid amide prodrugs as sunscreen agent

( Yi Dong Yan ),( Jun Ho Sung ),( Dong Won Lee ),( Jung Su Kim ),( Eun Mi Jeon ),( Dae Duk Kim ),( Dong Wuk Kim ),( Jong Oh Kim ),( Ming Guan Piao ),( Dong Xun Li ),( Chul Soon Yong ),( Han Gon Choi ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2012 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.22 No.0

Various amide prodrugs of salicylic acid were synthesised, and their physicochemical propertiesincluding lipophilicity, chemical stability and enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. In vivo skinpermeation and accumulation profiles were also evaluated using a combination of common permeationenhancing techniques such as the use of a supersaturated solution of permeants in an enhancer vehicle, a lipophilic receptor solution, removal of the stratum corneum and delipidisation of skin. Their capacity factor values were proportional to the degree of carbon-carbon saturation in the side chain. All these amides were highly stable in acetonitrile and glycerine. Amide prodrugs were converted tosalicylic acid both in hairless mouse liver and skin homogenates. N-dodecyl salicylamide (C12SM) showed the lowest permeation of salicylic acid in skin compared to the other prodrugs, probably due to its low aqueous solubility. It had a high affinity for the stratum corneum and its accumulation was restricted to only the uppermost layer of skin. Thus, this amide prodrug could be a safer topicalsunscreen agent with minimum potential for systemic absorption.ⓒ2011 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Corals from the Xiazhen Formation (Upper Ordovician), Zhuzhai, Yushan, SouthChina

Liming GUAN,Kun LIANG,Jusun Woo,Jino PARK,Dong-Chan LEE,Dong-Jin LEE 대한지질학회 2009 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.

파랑과 속도전단에 의한 유출유의 분산 특성

설동관(Dong-Guan Seol),류청로(Cheong-Ro Ryu),김종규(Jong-Kyu Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 1998 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.1 No.2

문학,문화 : 청대(淸代) 문언소설(文言小說)『형창이초(螢窓異草)』의 판본과 국내유입

유희준 ( You Hee June ),민관동 ( Guan Dong Min ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2011 비교문화연구 Vol.23 No.-

Yingchuang yicao(《螢窓異草》) is a collection of short stories in Classical Chinese, whose style was much affected by Liaozhai zhiyi(《聊齋志異》). It consists of 3 chapters, 12 juan ,and 138 stories. This work was written by a scholar with the pen name of Hao gezi(浩歌子) in the reign period of Qianlong in the Qing dynasty, and has drawn relatively little attention among the scholars thus far; it was not until 1980`s that scholars figured out that the author Hao gezi was Yin Qinglan, the sixth son of the renowned Qing scholar Yin Jishan. Yingchaung yicao had circulated as a manuscript for more than one hundred years until it was printed by Shenbao guan(申報館) in Shanghai in the reign period of Guangxu 2-3 (1876-1877). This edition is currently collected at The Kyujanggan(奎章閣) Institute of National Seoul University. At present, no known study of its introduction to and circulation in premodern Korea is available. However, given that the late Choson period saw high interest in Chinese narratives, it is speculated that this work was imported to Korea soon after its first publication in China. Later, two publishing houses in Shanghai also published illustrated editions of the work. Given that the Shenbao guan version is the first printed edition of Yingchuang yicao, the copy collected at Kyujanggak Institute should be regarded highly for its academic values.

Outcomes Based on Risk Assessment of Anastomotic Leakage after Rectal Cancer Surgery

Gong, Jian-Ping,Yang, Liu,Huang, Xin-En,Sun, Bei-Cheng,Zhou, Jian-Nong,Yu, Dong-Sheng,Zhou, Xin,Li, Dong-Zheng,Guan, Xin,Wang, Dong-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, high reoperation rates, and increased hospital length of stay. Here we investigated the risk factors for AL after anterior resection for rectal cancer with a double stapling technique. Patients and Methods: Data for 460 patients who underwent primary anterior resection with a double stapling technique for rectal carcinoma at a single institution from 2003 to 2007 were prospectively collected. All patients experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation. Clinical AL was defined as the presence of leakage signs and confirmed by diagnostic work-up according to ICD-9 codes 997.4, 567.22 (abdominopelvic abscess), and 569.81 (fistula of the intestine). Univariate and logistic regression analyses of 20 variables were undertaken to determine risk factors for AL. Survival was analysed using the Cox regression method. Results: AL was noted in 35 (7.6%) of 460 patients with rectal cancer. :Median age of the patients was 65 (50-74) and 161 (35%) were male. The diagnosis of AL was made between the 6th and 12th postoperative day (POD; mean 8th POD). After univariate and multivariate analysis, age (p=0.004), gender (p=0.007), tumor site (p<0.001), preoperative body mass index (EMI) (p<0.001), the reduction of TSGF on 5th POD less than 10U/ml (p=0.044) and the pH value of pelvic dranage less than or equal to 6.978 on 3rd POD (p<0.001) were selected as 6 independent risk factors for AL. It was shown that significant differences in survival of the patients were AL-related (p<0.001), high ASA score related (p=0.036), high-level EMI related (p=0.007) and advanced TNM stage related <p<0.001). Conclusions: AL after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma is related to advanced age, low tumor site, male sex, high preoperative EMI, low pH value of pelvic drainage on POD 3 and a significant reduction of TSGF on POD 5. In addition to their high risk of immediate postoperative morbidity and mortality, AL, worse physical status, severe obesity and advanced TNM stage have similarly negative impact on survival.

중국의 漢語 속문학과 주변민족문학 : 한국부분

關德棟 고려대학교 한국학연구소 1996 한국학연구 Vol.8 No.-

국제 한학계의 학자들은 중국의 한어 속문학 가운데 백화소설에 대해서는 일찍이 전문적인 토론을 행한 바 있다. 그러나 연구성과를 총괄해보면 이러한 속문학을 대개는 중국이라는 실체에 한정되어 연구하였고, 지연이나 정치적인 한계를 극복하여 속문학 작품들이 주변민족 국가에 미친 영향을 비추어보려는 시도를 한 학자는 매우 적었다고 보인다. 여러 학자들은 유럽 각국문학에 나타난 새로운 문학적 유형들의 상호영향이나 차용 혹은 이식 등의 문제들에 대해서는 깊이있게 연구하였고, 방법론에 있어서도 일정한 정도로 성과를 거두었으나, 이러한 비교방법이 아직까지는 동양문화 영역에서 운용되지 못하고 있다. 다만 1970년대 이후로 몇몇 연구자가 비교문학을 연구하면서 한어 속문학이 중국 주변의 여러 민족국가의 문학과 맺고 있는 관계의 문제에 대해 주의를 기울이기 시작했다. 중국의 전통문학이 어떻게 주변 민족국가에 전해졌는지, 또 어떻게 수용되었는지, 어떻게 각 나라의 작가들에게 자극을 주었는지 등의 문제를 살펴보는 것이 인류문화의 이해와 연구에 큰 의의가 있음은 의심의 여지가 없을 것이다. 여기에서 잠시 한국문화에 대해 말해보고자 한다. 한국은 수 세기 동안 한문을 유일한 서면언어로 써왔다. 그렇지만 언제부터 한문 작품을 번역하기 시작했는지에 대해서는 충분한 자료가 없다. 다만 한글은 15세기에 이르러서 만들어졌다. 어떤 학자는 이때《삼국연희》가 번역되었다고 보기도 하지만, 현존하는 대부분의 필사본이나 판각본은 거의가 19세기의 것들이다. 속문학 작품의 유포와 전파에 대해서는 전모를 파악할 수는 없다. 다만 명청 시대에 ― 전쟁이 있던 때를 제외하고 ― 민족국가 사절들이 중국에 왕래를 하면서 역원들이 중국에서 가지고 돌아간 물건들 가운데 이러한 책들이 있었으리라고 생각해 볼 수는 있다. 이러한 유통은 상충사회에만 한정되었을 것이다. 상인들의 교역을 통해서도 문화적 유통이 촉진되었음을 역시 추측할 수 있다. 번역 소개가 시작된 상황이나 이러한 속문학 작품들의 번역자가 어떠한 사람들이었는지에 대해서 확실히 할 수는 없지만, 대체로 두 가지로 말해볼 수 있다. 하나는 고한어를 쓰고 번역할 수 있는 상층 사회 사람이었으리라는 것과 또 하나는 당시 중국의 구어를 구사할 수 있는 통역 요원이었으리라는 것이다. 이밖에 상인도 있었을 것이다. 그러나 어떤 사람이었는지 대부분은 조정 또는 관가의 명을 받아 번역을 수행하였을 것이다. 많은 한어 속문학 작품들이 그러나 한문을 직접 번역한 것은 아니었다. 《삼국연의》1703년판 한글번역본은 1650년 민주어판에서 번역한 것이다. 속문학 작품의 번역가운데 《삼국연의》의 번역이 현재 가장 많은 초본과 각본이 전하고 있고, 그 중에는 한어 강창문학에서 번역한 것도 있다. 반역본의 질적, 양적인 측면이나 여러 판본들 사이의 유포 상황에 대한 비교고찰에 대해서는 앞으로 연구를 기대한다. 18세기 이래로 한국에서는 청창의 형식을 빌어 이야기를 강창하는 예인들이 있었는데, 그 가운데 적지 않은 작품들은 중국의 이야기를 소재로 하였다. 유학의 영향 아래에서 비교적 근엄한 분위기가 있었지만, 중국 속문학의 번역본은 먼저 조선의 상층사회에 받아들여졌고, 독자들은 귀족집안의 부녀자들이 대부분을 차지하였다. 번역본은 대부분 필사본의 형식으로 전해지고 있다. 하층사회에서의 전파는 대여본의 형태로 나타났다. 이것은 중국이 당시 상황과 매우 유사하다. 전통적인 풍격으로 써낸 고사들은 약 700여부가 되며 그 가운데 15% 정도가 중국의 한문자료에서 왔다. 국문소설 중에서 중국의 한어 속문학 작품으로부터 고사를 취한 작품으로는 《양산백전》등이 있으며, 《당태종전》과 《적성의전》등은 돈황변문으로 부터 그 연원을 찾을 수 있다. 비교연구의 수많은 분야에 대해서는 앞으로 연구가 기대된다.

Identification of Wiener Model with Discontinuous Nonlinearities using Differential Evolution

Dong-Li Zhang,Ying-Gan Tang,Ju-Hai Ma,Xin-Ping Guan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.3

This paper deals with the identification of Wiener models with discontinuous nonlinearities. The identification of the Wiener model is formulated as an optimization problem. Differential evolution algorithm, a powerful and robust evolutionary algorithm, is used to search the optimal parameter of the Wiener model such that the error between the output of true model and that of the identified model is minimized. The proposed method can identify the parameters of linear dynamic subsystems and static nonlinear function of the Wiener model simultaneously, and overcome the difficulty of un-availability of the intermediated signal. Two application examples verify that the proposed method can accurately estimate the parameters of the Wiener model even in a low SNR environment.

Structural elucidation and macrophage stimulation of polysaccharides isolated from Kaempferia parviflora

Dong Ki Lee,Ge Yuan Fei,Sang Guan You 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2020 No.10

Effect of Quantum Barrier Thickness in the Multiple-Quantum-Well Active Region of GaInN/GaN Light-Emitting Diodes

Guan-Bo Lin,Dong-Yeong Kim,Qifeng Shan,Jaehee Cho,Schubert, E. Fred,Hyunwook Shim,Cheolsoo Sone,Jong Kyu Kim IEEE 2013 IEEE photonics journal Vol.5 No.4

<P>The dependence of the polarization-induced electric field in GaInN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the GaN quantum barrier (QB) thickness is investigated. Electrostatic arguments and simulations predict that a thin QB thickness reduces the electric field in the quantum wells (QWs) and also improves the LED efficiency. We experimentally demonstrate that the QW electric field decreases with decreasing QB thickness. The lower electric field results in a better overlap of electron and hole wave functions and better carrier confinement in the QWs. A reduced efficiency droop and enhanced internal quantum efficiency is demonstrated for GaInN/GaN LEDs when the QB thickness is reduced from 24.5 to 9.1 nm.</P>

Morphological Factors and Cardiac Doses in Whole Breast Radiation for Left-sided Breast Cancer

Guan, Hui,Dong, Yuan-Li,Ding, Li-Jie,Zhang, Zi-Cheng,Huang, Wei,Liu, Cheng-Xin,Fu, Cheng-Rui,Zhu, Jian,Li, Hong-Sheng,Li, Miao-Miao,Li, Bao-Sheng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: To investigate the impact of the breast size, shape, maximum heart depth (MDH), and chest wall hypotenuse (the distance connecting middle point of the sternum and the length of lung draw on the selected transverse CT slice) on the volumetric dose to heart with whole breast irradiation (WBI) of left-sided breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three patients with left-sided breast cancer undergoing adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were enrolled in the study. The primary breast size and shape, MHD and DCWH (chest wall hypotenuse) were contoured on radiotherapy (RT) planning CT slices. The dose data of hearts were obtained from the dose-volume histograms (DVHs). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t-test and linear regression analysis. Results: Breast size was independent of heart dose, whereas breast shape, MHD and DCWH were correlated with heart dose. The shapes of breasts were divided into four types, as the flap type, hemisphere type, cone type and pendulous type with heart mean dose being $491.8{\pm}234.6cGy$, $752.7{\pm}219.0cGy$, $620.2{\pm}275.7cGy$, and $666.1{\pm}238.0cGy$, respectively. The flap type of breasts shows a strong statistically reduction in heart dose, compared to others (p=0.008 for V30 of heart). DCWH and MHD were found to be the most important parameters correlating with heart dose in WBI. Conclusions: More attention should be paid to the heart dose of non-flap type patients. The MHD was found to be the most important parameter to correlate with heart dose in tangential WBI, closely followed by the DCWH, which could help radiation oncologists and physicsts evaluate heart dose and design RT plan in advance.