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Ryu, Zoon-Ha,Choi, Su-Han,Lim, Gui-Taek,Sung, Dea-Dong,Bentley, T. William Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.9
Pseudo-first order rate constants $(k_{obs})$ are reported for the following solvolyses in approximately isodielectric mixtures: 3- and 4-methoxybenzyl chloride, bromo- and chlorodiphenylmethane, and 4-chloro-, 4,4'-dichloro and 4-methyl-chlorodiphenylmethane in 0-80% v/v nitromethane-methanol mixtures; and bromo- and chlorodiphenylmethane and 4-methyl-chlorodiphenylmethane in various acetonitrile-methanol mixtures (in the range 0-50% v/v) at$25^{\circ}C.$ These data, and literature data for t-butyl halides (Cl, Br, and I), and for p-methoxybenzoyl chloride, show rate maxima in solvent compositions of ca. 30% aprotic cosolvent, explained by a stoichiometric solvent effect on electrophilic solvation. Linear relationships are observed between $(k_{obs})/[MeOH]^2$ and [AP]/[MeOH], where [AP] refers to the molar concentration of aprotic cosolvent. The results are consistent with competing third order contributions to $k_{obs}$, $k_{MM}[MeOH]^2$ with hydrogen-bonded methanol as electrophile, and $k_{MAP}[MeOH][AP]$ with hydrogen-bonding disrupted by the aprotic solvent.
문화도시를 위한 지하도시공간 환경계획요소의 중요도 평가에 관한 연구
박은경(Park, Eun-Kyung),최소희(Choi, So-Hee),김대진(Kim, Dea-Jin),이효창(Lee, Hyo-Chang),하미경(Ha, Mi-Kyoung) 한국실내디자인학회 2009 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.11 No.2
Forming the underground space related with culture which is selected by a myriad of cities of world can become future-oriented and effective urban development strategy. The purpose of this paper is to elicit environmental planning factors in underground space for cultural city through the important. The process of the research methods are as follows : first, We conducted a literature search related to cultural city and underground space and elicit environmental planning factors. Second, we distributed questionnaires to experts in architecture and urban planning. Third, analyzed mutual relationship between cultural city and urderground space. Based on the results of our literature search and questionnaire data, we concluded : First, need to supporting nature for space user in underground space for cultural city. Second, need to introduce community space of public culture in underground space for cultural city. Third, need to secure reciprocal accessibility in underground city and systematize of coming and going, walking environment on the ground. Forth, we need environment planning for space user"s mentality and behavior to improve the negative image about underground space.
Evaluation for Efficacies of Commercial Sanitizers and Disinfectants against Bacillus cereus Strains
Il Jin Kim,Ji-Hyoung Ha,Yong-Su Kim,Hyung-Il Kim,Hyun-Chul Choi,Dea-Hoon Jeon,Young-Ja Lee,Ae Jung Kim,Dong-Ho Bae,Keun-Sung Kim,Chan Lee,Sang-Do Ha 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.2
Bactericidal efficacies of various sanitizers and disinfectants against 10 Bacillus cereus strains isolated from Korean foods and 8 standard B. cereus strains were investigated. The sanitizing capabilities of ethanol, iodine, chloride, quaternary ammonium, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxide acetic acid were investigated using the EN 1276 method based on quantitative suspension testing. The resistance against sanitizers and disinfectants was higher for wild-type than standard strains, and the bactericidal activities decreased in dirty conditions. Ethanol, chlorine, and iodine at the maximum level allowed under Korean food sanitation laws showed a great effectiveness against B. cereus. Hydrogen peroxide at 1,100 ppm showed the lowest bactericidal activity against B. cereus. These results indicate that the legally allowed maximum concentrations of sanitizers and disinfectants in Korea do not reduce all B. cereus strains by at least 5 log₁? CFU/㎖.