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Miles, David O.,Lee, Chang Soo,Cameron, Petra J.,Mattia, Davide,Kim, Jong Hak Elsevier 2016 Journal of Power Sources Vol.325 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We present a novel route to hierarchical core-shell structures consisting of an anodic ZnO nanowire core surrounded by a shell of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets (ZNW@TNS). This material combines the beneficial properties of enhanced electron transport, provided by the nanowire core, with the high surface area and chemical stability of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> shell. Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (qssDSSCs) are prepared using different quantities of either the bare ZnO nanowires or the hierarchical nanowire structures and the effect on cell performance is examined. It is found that whilst the addition of the bare ZnO nanowires results in a decrease in cell performance, significant improvements can be achieved with the addition of small quantities of the hierarchical structures. Power conversion efficiencies of up to 7.5% are achieved under 1 Sun, AM 1.5 simulated sunlight, with a ∼30% increase compared to non-hierarchical mesoporous TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films. A solid-state DSSC (ssDSSC) with a single component solid polymer also exhibits excellent efficiency of 7.2%. The improvement in cell performance is related to the improved light scattering, surface area and electron transport properties <I>via</I> the use of reflectance spectroscopy, BET surface area measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An effective route to hierarchical core-shell structures is demonstrated. </LI> <LI> Anodic ZnO nanowire core was surrounded by TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanosheets shell (ZNW@TNS). </LI> <LI> High efficiency of 7.5% is achieved for ZNW@TNS quasi-solid-state DSSCs. </LI> <LI> It is due to the improved light scattering, surface area and electron transport. </LI> <LI> Solid-state DSSC with single component polymer exhibits high efficiency of 7.2%. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Cameron V. Fili,Ling Lin,Jonathan Chapman,David Hamilton,Charles R. Yates 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.6
The objective of this study was to identify alterations in lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism in both the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T1D) mouse and the mutant db/db type 2 diabetic (T2D) mouse to establish a biological signature for the evaluation of natural products with purported lipid-altering activity. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to nondiabetic group or STZ-induced diabetic groups (n = 10/group). STZ-induced diabetic mice and 6-week-old male db/db mice (n = 10/group) were randomized to the following groups: (1) diabetic control, no treatment, (2) methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) treatment, (3) sesame seed oil (SSO) treatment, and (4) MSM+SSO combination treatment. Clinical parameters measured included weights, blood glucose, serum lipid panels, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) detection of free fatty acids in serum, liver, brain, and eyes. Blood glucose significantly decreased after 4 weeks of MSM treatment in T1D mice. Serum PUFA levels were significantly reduced in T2D mice compared with control mice. In contrast, treatment with SSO reversed this effect in T2D mice, exhibiting serum PUFA levels comparable to control mice. Serum triglycerides were significantly increased in both diabetic models compared to nondiabetic control, mimicking diabetes in people. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly increased in T1D receiving MSM+SSO and all T2D treatment groups. A corresponding significant decrease in non-HDL cholesterol was seen in T2D mice in all treatment groups. MSM+SSO treatment's effects on HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and PUFA metabolism could lead to improved clinical outcomes in diabetics by improving the lipid profile.
Ingram, David M.,Villate, Jose Luis,Abonnel, Cyrille,Johnstone, Cameron Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2008 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.1 No.1
EquiMar (Equitable Testing and Evaluation of Marine Energy Extraction Devices in terms of Performance, Cost and Environmental Impact) is one of the first round of energy projects under the European Commissions 7th Framework Programme (FP7). The three year EquiMar project aims to deliver a suite of protocols for the evaluation of both wave and tidal converters, harmonizing testing and evaluation procedures across the wide range of available devices, accelerating adoption through technology matching and improving the understanding of both environmental and economic impacts associated with the deployment of devices. The EquiMar protocols will cover site selection, initial design, scaling up of designs, the deployment of arrays and environmental impact assessment as well as economic issues. EquiMar will build on existing protocols, e.g. UK DTI Marine Renewables Development Fund (MRDF) protocols for wave and tidal energy, and engage with international standards setting activities, e.g. IEC TC114.
A rapid non-destructive DNA extraction method for insects and other arthropods
Mark A. Castalanelli,Dustin L. Severtson,Cameron J. Brumley,Andras Szito,Mike Grimm,Kylie Munyard,David M. Groth,Robert G. Foottit 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.3
Preparation of arthropods for morphological identification often damages or destroys DNA within the specimen. Conversely, DNA extraction methods often destroy the external physical characteristics essential for morphological identification. We have developed a rapid, simple and non-destructive DNA extraction technique for arthropod specimens. This technique was tested on four arthropod orders, using specimens that were fresh, preserved by air drying, stored in ethanol, or collected with sticky or propylene glycol traps. The technique could be completed in 20 min for Coleoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera, and 2 min for the subclass Acarina, without significant distortion, discolouration, or other damage to the specimens.
Nanoscale Electrocatalysis of Hydrazine Electro-Oxidation at Blistered Graphite Electrodes
E, Sharel P.,Kim, Yang-Rae,Perry, David,Bentley, Cameron L.,Unwin, Patrick R. American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.44
<P>There is great interest in finding and developing new, efficient, and more active electrocatalytic materials. Surface modification of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, through the introduction of surface 'blisters', is demonstrated to result in an electrode material with greatly enhanced electrochemical activity. The increased electrochemical activity of these blisters, which are produced by electro-oxidation in HClO4, is revealed through the use of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM), coupled with complementary techniques (optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy). The use of a linear sweep voltammetry (LSV)-SECCM scan regime allows for dynamic electrochemical mapping, where a voltammogram is produced at each pixel, from which movies consisting of spatial electrochemical currents, at a series of applied potentials, are produced. The measurements reveal significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity at blisters when compared to the basal planes, with a significant cathodic shift in the onset potential of the hydrazine electro-oxidation reaction. The improved electrochemical activity of the hollow structure of blistered graphite could be explained by the increased adsorption of protonated hydrazine at oxygenated defect sites, the ease of ion solvent intercalation/deintercalation, and the reduced susceptibility to N-2 nanobubble attachment (as a product of the reaction). This study highlights the capability of electrochemistry to tailor the surface structure of graphite and presents a new electrocatalyst for hydrazine electro-oxidation.</P>
Modelling the redshift-space three-point correlation function in SDSS-III
Guo, Hong,Zheng,Jing, Y. P.,Zehavi, Idit,Li, Cheng,Weinberg, David H.,Skibba, Ramin A.,Nichol, Robert C.,Rossi, Graziano,Sabiu, Cristiano G.,Schneider, Donald P.,McBride, Cameron K. Oxford University Press 2015 Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol.449 No.1
Brett Arthur Freedman,C Edward Hoffler II,Brian M Cameron,John M Rhee,Maneesh Bawa,David G Malone,Melissa Bent,Tim S Yoon 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.1
Study Design: Retrospective comparative study. Purpose: To assess differences in computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters between patients with cervical myelopathy and controls. Overview of Literature: There is a lack of information regarding the best predictor of symptomatic stenosis based on osseous canal dimensions. We postulate that smaller osseous canal dimensions increase the risk of symptomatic central stenosis. Methods: CT images and medical records of patients with cervical myelopathy (19 patients, 8 males; average age, 64.4±13.4 years) and controls (18 patients, 14 males; average age, 60.4±11.0 years) were collected. A new measure called the laminar roof pitch angle (=angle between the lamina) was conducted along with linear measures, ratios and surrogates of canal perimeter and area at each level C2–C7 (222 levels). Receiver-operator curves were used to assess the diagnostic value of each. Rater reliability was assessed for the measures. Results: The medial-lateral (ML) diameter (at mid-pedicle level) and calculated canal area (=anterior-posterior.×ML diameters) were the most accurate and highly reliable. ML diameter below 23.5 mm and calculated canal area below 300 mm2 generated 82% to 84% sensitivity and 67% to 68% sensitivity. No significant correlations were identified between age, height, weight, body mass in dex and gender for each of the CT measures. Conclusions: CT measures including ML dimensions were most predictive. This study is the first to identify an important role for the ML dimension in cases of slowly progressive compressive myelopathy. A ML reserve may be protective when the canal is progressively compromised in the anterior-posterior dimension.