Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS

Yu-Lin Dai,Meng-Dan Qiao,Peng Yu,Fei Zheng,Hao Yue,Shu-Ying Liu 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng ofdifferent plant ages from different localities in China. Methods: In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2e4 years were collected from 13 differentcultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg3, Rc, Rg1, Rf, Rb2, Rb1, Re, and Rd) wasdetermined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupoleetime-of-flighttandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivationregion and age. Results: Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contentsof ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg1, Rg3, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb1peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained fromChangbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng fromJilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of thesame age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb1 and Rg1 contents were relatively high. Conclusion: In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginsengsamples aged 2e4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenosidecontent, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to chooseginseng products according to their needs.

Facile synthesis of Nafion-supported Pt nanoparticles with ultra-low loading as a high-performance electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Yu, Jianguo,Wei, Dan,Zheng, Zhe,Yu, Wenjie,Shen, Honghui,Qu, Yuning,Wen, Shuya,Kwon, Young-Uk,Zhao, Yongnan Elsevier 2020 JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE - Vol.566 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>x%Pt-Naf-CV (Pt-Nafion-Cyclic Voltammetry) catalysts with homogeneously distributed platinum nanoparticles and ultra-low Pt loading are successfully synthesized by using a facile potential cycling approach. The as-synthesized 0.8%Pt-Naf-CV catalyst exhibits an enhanced electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> solution, which obtains a low overpotential of 34 mV at 10 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curve of 0.8%Pt-Naf-CV catalyst is almost consistent with that of commercial Pt/C. However, the 0.8%Pt-Naf-CV catalyst displays a more excellent stability and durability in comparison with commercial Pt/C. Besides, the Pt loading of Pt/C (Pt–10 wt%) is about 10 times that of 0.8%Pt-Naf-CV catalyst. The improved electrocatalytic performances are derived from the synergistic effects of Pt and Nafion. The Nafion plays a significant role as a dispersant, carrier and structure directing agent on the morphology and size of the Pt catalyst. This result contributes a promising method to enhance the catalytic activity and reduce the amount of Pt.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The Law of Aircraft Leasing in the People’s Republic of China : Achievements and Challenges

YU DAN 한국항공우주정책⋅법학회 2015 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Leasing is one of the main methods for Chinese airlines to introduce aircraft from overseas manufactures, and this method has been used for more than 30 years by Chinese airlines. Aircraft leasing in essence is a kind of financial transaction, through which lessors provide finance to lessees by means of the delivery of possession of the leased aircraft. At the time when China started to introduce aircraft through leasing some 30 years ago, the Chinese domestic laws were very insufficient to regulate these activities. Therefore, a construction process for the law of aircraft leasing was triggered then, and some fruit has been gained. By far, there are rules to adjust the aircraft activities in the aspects of contract, real right, default and bankruptcy remedies. However, as the improvement of any system must undergo a process of exploration, the law of aircraft leasing in China is still faced up with many challenges. Especially with the emergence and prosperous of domestic leasing industry, new transaction structures and models of aircraft leasing have emerged, which leaves new challenges to current legal system. On the basis of introducing the history and main contents of Chinese legal regime of aircraft leasing, this paper offers an analysis of achievements and challenges on present Chinese laws in the aspects of contract, real right and remedies.

Polysaccharide Isolated from Angelica sinensis Inhibits Hepcidin Expression in Rats with Iron Deficiency Anemia

Jin-Yu Liu,Yu Zhang,Ru-Xu You,Fang Zeng,Dan Guo,Kai-Ping Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.10

A novel polysaccharide named Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) was obtained from the powdered and defatted roots of A. sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. The molecular weight of ASP was determined to be 78 kDa and was 95.0% sugars consisting of mostly arabinose, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1:5.68:3.91. A previous study indicated that ASP may increase plasma iron levels by suppressing the expression of hepcidin, a negative regulator of body iron metabolism, in the liver. The present study aims to clarify the inhibitory effect of ASP on hepcidin expression in rat models of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and clarify the mechanisms involved. It was demonstrated that ASP significantly reduced hepcidin expression by inhibiting the expression of mothers against decapentaplegic protein 4 (SMAD4) in liver and stimulating the secretion of erythropoietin, which further downregulated hepcidin by repressing CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/5. The results indicate that ASP can suppress the expression of hepcidin in rats with IDA, and may be useful for the treatment of IDA

The Association of Circumcision and Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Li, Yu-dan,Teng, Yang,Dai, Yu,Ding, Hui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.8

Background: To investigate the association circumcision with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Chinese biomedicine literature database up to August 2015. All case-control studies were identified in which investigated the association circumcision with prostate cancer. Three authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA version 11.0. Results: Six case-control studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled meta-analysis showed that there was a lower incidence of circumcision in prostate cancer patients compared with control (OR=0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-0.98, P=0.01). The results of meta-analysis also showed that no significant difference was found between circumcision and less aggressive prostate cancer (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.83-1.04, P=0.19); however, there was a lower incidence of circumcision in more aggressive prostate cancer compared with control (OR =0.84, 95% CI 0.72-0.97, P=0.02). The Egger's results did not show any evidence of publication bias(P=0.798). Conclusions: In summary, within the limits of available data, male with circumcision appears to have a lower incidence of prostate cancer. In the future, high-quality multicenter studies are needed to thoroughly verify the outcome.

Using TRIZ Theory to Design and Analyze the Forest Environmental Factors Monitoring Platform

Li Dan,Zhang Yu,Zhang Naiqi,Yin Yu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.4

The study has proposed it can use the theory of TRIZ to improve Forest environmental factors monitoring platform (FEFMP) by solving the problem of organization, monitoring, control of power supply and so on during the networking of the forest IoT. The study first analyzes the evolution laws of the technology system, the best final solution, the substance-field models and technical contradiction in the application foundation of the TRIZ theory. Then, the best final solution of FEFMP based on mixed models has been raised by solving the technical contradiction using contradiction matrix tools and by solving the physical contradiction of the accuracy and power consumption using separation principle. It has raised and built mixed networking basing on 3G and ZigBee and established the FEFMP by using WebGIS and mobile GIS. Experiments show that the system runs well, which can provide reference for the following related researches.

전시참가업체의 관계편익이 전시회 만족과 충성도에 미치는 영향 - 전환비용의 매개효과를 중심으로 -

진우동 ( Yu Tong Chen ),소단단 ( Dan Dan Su ),김봉석 ( Bong Seok Kim ) 서울과학기술대학교 과학문화전시디자인연구소 2014 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.16 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 전시회에 대한 관계편익(relational benefits)이 전시회 참가업체의 만족과 참가업체의 충성도에 미치는 영향관계와 전환비용이 그 사이에 어떠한 효과를 미치는 지를 파악하여 장기적으로 경쟁력과 수익성을 갖춘 전시회로 발전시키기 위한 전략적 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. 도출된 각 요인들을 바탕으로 관계편익, 전환비용, 만족도, 충성도에 대한 영향관계를 검증(연구가설 1~6) 한 결과, 관계편익 중 심리적 편익과 경제적 편익이 만족과 충성도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 경제적 편익이 전환비용에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경제적 편익이 충성도에 직접영향을 나타냈고 전환비용이 그 사이에 직접효과 및 간접효과를 나타냈기 때문에 전환비용이 경제적 편익과 충성도의 사이에 매개효과가 있다고 할 수 있다. 마찬가지로 전환비용이 만족도과 충성도에 매개효과가 있다고 할 수 있으며 만족도도 심리적과 충성도 사이, 경제적 편익과 충성도 사이에 매개효과가 나타났다. 본 연구는 전시회 주최자가 관계편익을 관리해야 하는 궁극적인 목표를 규명하였다. 또한, 전시회 참가업체들이 관계편익을 지각한다는 것을 확인하였으므로, 전시회주최자들의 이러한 관계편익 지각은 참가업체에게 제공하는 서비스들을 통하여 관계고객 세분화 (relationship customer segmentation)가 가능하다는 것을 의미한다. The purpose of this research is to analyze how relational benefit about exhibition influences exhibition participating company`s satisfactory level and participating company`s loyalty and how switching costs`s influence on the relation. The purpose of the analysis is to provide the long term strategy for developing competitive and profitable exhibition. As the verified result on the influential relationship among relational benefit, switching cost, satisfactory level and loyalty based on generated each factor shows (research hypothesis 1~6): psychological benefit and economical benefit has influence on satisfactory level and loyalty, economical benefit has noticeable influence on switching cost, satisfactory level has noticeable influence on loyalty, and switching cost has noticeable influence on loyalty. Since the economical benefit and switching cost have showed direct or indirect influence on loyalty and switching cost, it would be safe to assume switching cost is acting as mediation between economical benefit and loyalty. Switching cost is mediation between satisfactory level and loyalty; satisfactory level is mediation between psychological benefit, and satisfactory level is acting as mediation between loyalty and economical benefit. This research has established the ultimate purpose why exhibition sponsor must manage the relational benefit. Since it is confirmed that exhibition participating companies override the relational benefit, relational customer segmentation is possible through service provided by participating companies.

Fulvestrant 250mg versus Anastrozole 1 mg in the Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Gong, Dan-Dan,Man, Chang-Feng,Xu, Juan,Fan, Yu Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5

Objective: Most patients with advanced breast cancer experience resistance to endocrine treatment and eventual disease progression. This meta-analysis was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant 250mg with anastrozole 1mg in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Methods: Electronic literature databases (Cochrane Library, Medline, and Embase) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to August 2013. Only RCTs that compared fulvestrant 250mg to anastrozole 1mg in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were selected. The main outcomes were time to treatment failure (TTF), time to progression (TTP), duration of response (DOR), clinical benefit rate, and tolerability. Results: Four RCTs covering 1,226 patients (fulvestrant, n=621; anastrozole, n=605) were included in the meta-analysis. Fulvestrant increased the DOR compared to anastrozole (HR =1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.51). There was no statistically significant difference between fulvestrant and anastrozole in terms of TTF (HR=1.02, 95%CI 0.89-1.17), complete response (RR=1.79, 95%CI, 0.93-3.43), and partial response (RR=0.91, 95%CI 0.69-1.21). As for safety, there was no statistical significance between the two groups for common adverse events. Conclusion: Fulvestrant 250mg is as effective and well-tolerated as anastrozole 1mg treatment for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women whose disease progressed after prior endocrine treatment. Thus, fulvestrant may serve as a reasonable alternative to anastrozole when resistance is experienced in breast cancer cases.

Optimal extraction conditions and antioxidant activity of legume crop functional components

Gyeong-Dan Yu,Eom-Ji Hwang,Jae Hee Jeong,Yeong-Hoon Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Recently, while the demand for healthy functional food has been steadily increasing, demand for legumes, which are abundant sources of protein and rich in isoflavones is also increasing. Sword beans, chickpeas, broad beans, and peas are known to be effective in relieving inflammation, lowering cholesterol, and diuresis. In this study, the optimal extraction conditions and antioxidant activity of the extracts were tested to evaluate the value of these legumes as food materials. Ethanol and methanol were used as solvents, and extraction concentrations were 60, 80, and 100%, respectively. As a result, it was confirmed that the optimal extraction solvent and concentration of the antioxidant active substance was ethanol 60%. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the 60% ethanol extract was 79.7%, 87.6%, and 83.3% in chickpea, pigeon bean, and broad bean, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity was found to be 34.6% of pigeon beans and 37.7% of broad beans. The DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities of sword beans were low at 8% and 7.4%. The use of these other crops is expected to increase steadily, and these data will be used as basic data for food material development.

Comparing eight types of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages and regions using RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS

Dai, Yu-Lin,Qiao, Meng-Dan,Yu, Peng,Zheng, Fei,Yue, Hao,Liu, Shu-Ying The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: This article aims to compare and analyze the contents of ginsenosides in ginseng of different plant ages from different localities in China. Methods: In this study, 77 fresh ginseng samples aged 2-4 years were collected from 13 different cultivation regions in China. The content of eight ginsenosides (Rg₃, Rc, Rg₁, Rf, Rb₂, Rb₁, Re, and Rd) was determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS) to comparatively evaluate the influences of cultivation region and age. Results: Ginsenoside contents differed significantly depending on age and cultivation region. The contents of ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg₁, Rg₃, and Rf increased with cultivation age, whereas that of ginsenoside Rb₁ peaked in the third year of cultivation. Moreover, the highest ginsenoside content was obtained from Changbai (19.36 mg/g) whereas the lowest content was obtained from Jidong (12.05 mg/g). Ginseng from Jilin Province contained greater total ginsenosides and was richer in ginsenoside Re than ginseng of the same age group in Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb₁ and Rg₁ contents were relatively high. Conclusion: In this study, RRLC-Q-TOF MS/MS was used to analyze ginsenoside contents in 77 ginseng samples aged 2-4 years from different cultivation regions. These patterns of variation in ginsenoside content, which depend on harvesting location and age, could be useful for interested parties to choose ginseng products according to their needs.