http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Embryogenic Callus Induction and Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation in Bentgrass (Agrostis spp.)
Ming Liang Chai,Kalaiselvi Senthil,Suk Yoen Mo(모숙연),Young Soo Chung(정영수),Sung Hyun Cho(조성현),Jeong Sheop Shin(신정섭),Mi Hyea Park(박미혜),Doo Hwan Kim(김두환) 한국원예학회 2000 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.41 No.5
Guoyuan Sang,Jyh‑Chong Liang,Ching Sing Chai,Yan Dong,Chin‑Chung Tsai 서울대학교 교육연구소 2018 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.19 No.3
To help students build twenty-first century learning skills, teachers must have reasonable perceptions about twenty-first century learning. To investigate Chinese teachers’ perceptions of twenty-first century learning competencies (TP21CLC), we conducted a survey (N = 340) using the questionnaire “Teachers’ Perceptions of 21st Century Learning Competencies.” This scale consists of six subscales including collaborative learning; self-directed learning; meaningful use of information and communication technology; critical thinking; creative thinking; and problem solving. Teachers rated each item on two forms of expression: perceptions of preferred learning and perceptions of actual learning. The results indicated that there was a clear gap between actual and preferred perceptions of twenty-first century learning. In addition, teachers’ perceptions of meaningful use of information and communication technology (ICT) had significant, positive correlations with other factors of TP21CLC.
Fon-Yih Tsuang,전진수,An-Ping Huang,Chung Liang Chai 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.2
Objective: The long-term survival data of lung cancer patients with spinal metastases are crucial for informed treatment decision-making. However, most studies in this field involve small sample sizes. Moreover, survival benchmarking and an analysis of changes in survival over time are required, but data are unavailable. To meet this need, we performed a metaanalysis of survival data from small studies to obtain a survival function based on largescale data. Methods: We performed a single-arm systematic review of survival function following a published protocol. Data of patients who received surgical, nonsurgical, and mixed modes of treatment were meta-analyzed separately. Survival data were extracted from published figures with a digitizer program and then processed in R. Median survival time was used as an effect size for moderator analysis to explain the heterogeneity. Results: Sixty-two studies with 5,242 participants were included for pooling. The survival functions showed a median survival of 6.72 months for surgery (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.9–7.01; 2,367 participants; 36 studies), 5.99 months for nonsurgery (95% CI, 5.33–6.47; 891 participants; 12 studies), and 5.96 months for mixed (95% CI, 5.67–6.43; 1,984 participants; 18 studies). Patients enrolled since 2010 showed the highest survival rates. Conclusion: This study provides the first large-scale data for lung cancer with spinal metastasis that allows survival benchmarking. Data from patients enrolled since 2010 had the best survival and thus may more accurately reflect current survival. Researchers should focus on this subset in future benchmarking and remain optimistic in the management of these patients.