비글견을 이용한 GST 추출물의 단회 경구투여 용량증가 독성시험

이철화,양원경,정인철,진미림,김승형,박양춘,Lee, Chul-wha,Yang, Won-kyung,Jung, In-chul,Jin, Mi-rim,Kim, Seung-hyeong,Park, Yang-chun 대한한방내과학회 2016 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

Objectives: To provide information on the safety of GST (Gami-Sasangja-tang), we carried out a single oral dose-increasing toxicity test of GST in beagle dogs.Materials and Methods: Six beagle dogs (three males and three females) were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental group: n=4, control group: n=2). The experimental group (two males, two females) was given oral doses of GST in increasing order (1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg) at three-day intervals. After administration, the participants’ mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored for two weeks. After two weeks, all dogs were sacrificed for autopsy.Results: Temporary vomiting was observed according to increasing dosage (n=1, 250 mg/kg; n=4, 2,500 and 5,000 mg/kg). Transient diarrhea was observed on the second and third dosing day (n=1, 2,500 mg/kg; n=2, 5,000 mg/kg). Temporary salivation was noted on the third dosing day (n=3, 5,000 mg/kg). Compound-colored stool was observed in all dogs fed the GST on all dosing days and also on the following days. We found no mortality and no abnormalities in the clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings in any of the dogs tested.Conclusions: The maximum tolerated dose was over 5,000 mg/kg for both male and female dogs.

중학교 정보 교육과정과 교과서를 통한 저작권 교육 현황 분석

김인옥 ( In Wok Kim ),한건우 ( Keun Woo Han ),이수정 ( Soo Jeong Lee ),이철현 ( Chul Hyun Lee ) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2012 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구는 중학교 교육과정 중 정보 교과에 대한 저작권 교육 내용을 분석하고 저작권 교육을 강화하기 위한 방안을 제안하였다. 2007 개정 중학교 정보 교육과정과 검정 교과서, 지도서를 분석하여 정보교육에서 다루어지는 저작권의 내용과 체계를 추출하였다. 체계적인 분석을 위해 저작권 교육 내용 체계에 대한 연구물을 살펴보고 저작권에 대한 관심, 이해, 이용, 실천의 내용 체계에 맞춰 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 저작권 교육은 정보사회와 정보기술의 2단계에 집중되고 있으며 선택교과라는 점을 고려해 볼 때 다양한 영역에서 저작권 교육이 직간접적으로 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 중학교 정보 교육과정에서 저작권 교육의 가능성을 체계적으로 제안하고 이를 통해 저작권 교육이 강화될 것으로 기대된다. This paper has analyzed contents of copyright education in Informatics textbook in middle school curriculum and has proposed ways to enhance copyright education. In this paper, we have analyzed Informatics curriculum, authorized textbook, and teacher`s guide book for middle school revised in 2007 and have extracted contents and systems of copyright education in Informatics course. We examined studies on the copyright education and analyzed on the basis of interest, understanding, usage, and practice of copyright. As a result, copyright education has turned out to be focused on 2nd level of information society and information technology, We found that copyright education was necessary both directly and indirectly in various parts and levels in that it is an optional subjects, This paper suggests the possibility of copyright education in Informatics curriculum for middle school and the copyright education is expected to be reinforced.

랫드에서 방풍통성산의 안전성 연구

정고은,이경진,이철원,곽인석,이장천,안원근,Jung, Ko-Eun,Lee, Kyoung-Jin,Lee, Chul-Won,Kwak, In-Seok,Lee, Jang-Cheon,An, Won-Gun 대한한의학방제학회 2012 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the safety of Bangpungtongsung-san in rats. Methods : The safety of this prescription on acute toxicity was evaluated by single dose toxicity study. Rats were orally administrated in a single dose of 0 and 2,000 mg/kg(limited dose) Bangpungtongsung-san. There were 7 rats in each groups. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment. After single administration, mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were observed for 14 days. Three parameters(autopsy finding, clinical chemistry, and hematology) were tested on the last day. Results : In this study with rats, Bangpungtongsung-san treatment did not show any acute toxicity. No mortality was noted for 14 days of treatment. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight changes, and autopsy finding at all treatment groups. The clinical chemistry parameters attesting to liver and kidney functions as well as the hematological parameters were within the normal ranges. Conclusions : It is considered that $LD_{50}$ of Bangpungtongsung-san is over 2,000 mg/kg in oral administration by rats. This finding of the safety of Bangpungtongsung-san is expected to strengthen the position of this prescription as nontoxic medicine.

노인의 라이프스타일에 따른 성생활 행태에 관한 연구

김상수 ( Sang Su Kim ),이철인 ( Chul In Lee ) 한국보건복지융합학회 2010 노인의료복지연구 Vol.1 No.2

From May 2 to 31, 2008, this study conducted a questionnaire survey targeting 382 elderly of 60 years old or older living in Daegu to enhance their sexual satisfaction and help them lead a qualitatively better life by examining the life styles, sexual consciousness, satisfaction, self-respect, melancholy and realities by general characteristics of the elderly to seek the positive attitude toward sexual problems and grasp the factors that affect the sexual behaviors of the elderly. The results are as follows. 1. According to general characteristics, sexual satisfaction was high when living together with a spouse or unmarried children, and performing religious life, and in direct proportion to economic circumstances and health status. 2. According to general characteristics, sexual desire was high, when living together with a spouse or unmarried children, employed, and believing in Catholicism or having no religion, and in direct proportion to health status. 3. According to general characteristics, sexual attitude was 3.67 on the average, and was high in low-aged male old people, and in direct proportion to educational level, economic circumstances and health status. 4. According to general characteristics, the importance of sexual life was high, as seen in 3.33 on the average, and in direct proportion to educational level and health status, when a spouse was dead or an old person lives alone, and was low in case of non-religion or living separately from a spouse. 5. The following are significant differences in sexual life related factors pursuant to life styles between subdivided markets. 1) The type indifference to home had sex mostly with working women about twice every two months, but ,vas dissatis1ied with his or her recent frequency of sexual life. Stress was ranked 1irst as a {actor that prevents him or her from enjoying his or her sexual life. he or she said that It is necessary to change ways of thinking about sex to solve the sexual problems of the aged. 2) The home-loving type had sex about once or twice a week or month, had his or her friends of the same age ranked first as sex partners, and was mostly satisfied with his or her recent sexual life. He or she was very unsatisfied with the decrease in opportlmities of having sex, and had his or her desire solved by dating with the other sex or masturbation. He or she referred to the hindrance to sexual life as the shortage of such opportunities, the physical disease or stress, and said that the solution of sexual problems required social changes in consciousness. 3) The sociable type had sex mostly with his or her spouse one or twice a week or month. He or she was much dissatis1ied with his or her recent sexual life. He or she said that economic problems prevented him or her from enjoying a sexual opportunity, and that the matchmaking {or remarriage was a program necessary for solving sexual problems. 4) The type of active living had sex only with his or her spouse once or twice week or month. He or she was very satisfied with his or her recent sexual life, and had sexual desire solved by religion or hobbies or sports as well. He or she said that the opportunity of sexual life was prevented by aging and economic problems, and that the solution of sexual problems required the matchmaking for remarriage or the change of children in ways of thinking. 6. There are differences in the satisfaction with life and the attitude toward sex, depending on life styles. 1) In terms of satisfaction with life, the home-loving type and the type of active living were higher than the sociable type and the type of indifference to home. 2) In terms of sexual desire, the sociable type was the highest, but the type of indifference to home was the lowest. 3) In terms of the attitude toward sexual life, the home-loving type was the highest, but the type of indifference to home was the lowest. 4) In terms of the importance of sexual life, the home-loving type and the sociable type were higher than the type of active living and the type of indifference to home. 7. The following are differences between satisfaction with sexual life, self-respect and melancholy, pursuant to life styles. 1) In terms of the satisfaction with sexual life, the type of active living and the home-loving type were higher than the type of indifference to home. 2) In terms of self-respect, the type of active living was the highest, but the type of indifference to home was the lowest. 3) In terms of melancholy the type of indifference to home was the highest, but the type of active living and the home-loving type were the lowest.

고령화에 의한 인구증가와 경제성장의 장기적 메커니즘

김용진 ( By Yong Jin Kim ),이철인 ( Chul In Lee ) 한국금융연구원 2013 한국경제의 분석 Vol.19 No.1

This paper presents a mechanism that explains the impact of increased longevity on population and economic growth, as well as its implications. The mechanism is based on the three building block mechanisms such as quantity-quality choice of kids, an endogenous growth mechanism, and a segregated labor market for old agents. The model economy is a three period OLG, open, and perfectly competitive economy. In period 0, agents invest a certain fraction of one unit of endowed time in education, work for the rest, save and consume. In period 1, they use a certain fraction of another endowed one unit of time for child rearing, the rest of the time for work, save and consume. In their last period, they work for one unit of time with their experience capital, and consume. The interest rate is given at the international equilibrium rate determined in the international financial market. And there exists a representative firm with the production technology with a CES between young and old labor. This model economy produces the following impli- cations. First, an increase in longevity lowers wage rates of old agents, relative to those of young ones, thus raising saving to maintain the consumption level in period 3. This leads to lowering the physical investment and child rearing time. This thus lowers the number of kids, population growth. Second, an increase in longevity is moderate, investment in human capital increases as a means of saving to compensate for the lowered old workers` wage to maintain their consumption level, leading to higher economic growth. However, when the longevity increase is higher than a certain threshold level, investment in human capital decreases because its opportunity cost of sacrificing the period 0 consumption increases significantly. Third, several government policies have the following implications. An increase in old workers` employment or in their labor efficiency lowers human capital investment and thus economic growth because it lowers their wage rates, while it increases population growth. In contrast, an expected increase in lump-sum subsidy raises both quality and quantity of kids, thus economic and population growth. It is because of its positive income effect on the quality and quantity of kids and on the old period consumption of raising human capital as a means of saving.

일회용 위생장갑에서 Phthalate류 및 Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate 분석

이광호,권기성,곽인신,최재천,전대훈,정동윤,최병희,김성욱,이선희,이철원,Lee, Kwang-Ho,Kwon, Ki-Sung,Kwak, In-Shin,Choi, Jae-Chon,Jeon, Dae-Hoon,Jeong, Dong-Youn,Choi, Byung-Hee,Kim, Sung-Wook,Lee, Sun-Hee,Lee, Chul-Won 한국포장학회 2000 한국포장학회지 Vol.6 No.1

일회용 위생장갑에서 diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-propyl phthalate (DprP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) 및 dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) 등과 같은 phthalate ester 와 di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) 을 분석하였다. 일회용 위생장갑은 소매점에서 구입하였으며, 사염화탄소를 추출용매로 6시간 동안 Soxhlet 장치에서 추출하였다. 8종의 제품 모두 poly-ethylene (PE) 재질이었으며, 식품위생법에 따라 box 포장에 표기 사항이 있었다. 8 종의 모든 제품에서 Phthalate ester 류 와 DEHA는 검출한계를 넘지 않았다. Phthalate esters 인 DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP와 DEHA의 검출한계는 각각 1.8, 1.9, 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, 0.7, 2.1 와 0.8 mg/L 이었다. The level of plasticizer such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-propyl phthalate (DprP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-n-pentyl phthalate (DPP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) was determined in disposable sanitary gloves. Samples of disposable sanitary gloves were taken at retail shops, and their overall extractions in carbon tetrachloride were measured, after establishment of soxhlet appratus in 6 hours. All of 8 samples of disposable sanitary gloves at retail shops were polyethylene (PE). All of the manufactures was voluntarily labelled their boxes of gloves in line Korea Food Code. The level of phthalate esters and DEHA in all of 8 samples were not exceed the detection limit. The detection limits of DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP and DEHA were 1.8, 1.9, 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, 0.7, 2.1 and 0.8 mg/L, respectively.

기업 사설 네트워크 우회 접속 분석 및 통제 대책 연구

이철원(Chul-won Lee),김휘강(Huy-kang Kim),임종인(Jong-in Lim) 한국정보보호학회 2010 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.20 No.6

기업의 사설 네트워크는 방화벽과 NAT(Network Address Translation)기술을 이용하여 외부 인터넷망으로부터 직접적인 접근이 불가능하다. 그러나 NetCat에서 이용되어지던 Reverse Connection 기술이 SSH Tunnel이나 HTTP Tunnel기술들로 확대됨에 따라 이제는 누구나 손쉽게 방화벽과 NAT로 보호되고 있는 기업의 사설 네트워크에 접근할 수 있게 되었다. 더욱이 이러한 기술은 원격제어서비스, HTTP Tunnel 서비스 등 상업적으로 확대되고 있는데 외부에서 원격으로 기업내 시스템에 접근하지 못하도록하는 기업 내부 규정이나 외부 지침에 위배되는 상황에서 기업내 보안 관리자나 일반 사용자들에게 혼란을 주고 있다. 더욱 심각한 것은 악성코드 또한 이러한 기술을 이용함으로써 기업 사설 네트워크에 침입할 수 있는 은닉 채널을 만들 수 있다는 것이다. 그런데 이러한 인지된 위험을 방화벽등 기존의 보안시스템에서 차단할 수 없다는 것에 문제의 심각성이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 기업의 내부 네트워크에 대한 우회 접근의 기술적 방법들과 현황을 분석해 보고 위험을 제거하기 위한 통제 대책을 찾아 보고자 한다. A company’s private network protected by a firewall and NAT(Network Address Translation) is not accessible directly through an external internet. However, as Reverse Connection technology used by NetCat extends to the technologies such as SSH Tunnel or HTTP Tunnel, now anyone can easily access a private network of corporation protected by a firewall and NAT. Furthermore, while these kinds of technologies are commercially stretching out to various services such as a remote control and HTTP Tunnel, security managers in a company or general users are confused under the circumstances of inner or outer regulation which is not allowed to access to an internal system with a remote control. What is more serious is to make a covert channel invading a company’s private network through a malicious code and all that technologies. By the way, what matters is that a given security system such as a firewall cannot shield from these perceived dangers. So, we analyze the indirect access of technological methods and the status quo about a company’s internal network and find a solution to get rid of the related dangers.

재정학 연구동향과 연구과제

이철인 ( Chul In Lee ) 한국재정학회 2014 재정학연구 Vol.7 No.3

본고는 (1) 최근 재정학 관련 학계의 주요 연구주제 및 연구동향을 소개하는 서베이 논문으로서 역할과 함께, (2) 우리나라의 재정정책과 관련하여 주요 쟁점을 부각시키고, (3) 신진 재정학자들을 위해 몇 가지 고려할 만한 연구과제 및 방향을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. (4) 선진국들에서 개발된 이론을 수입하여 그대로 적용하기에 무리인 영역이 적지 않으며, 경우에 따라 우리 고유의 경제모형이 필요한 상황도 많아 이러한 부분에서 재정학자들의 노력이 절실함을 환기하며 글을 맺는다. This paper surveys the recent development in the theories of public economics and notable empirical findings. Then we critically review the fiscal policy environments of Korea and then propose promising future research topics. Global fiscal issues and local Korean fiscal issues are both considered to offer balanced implications for the Korean economy facing low economic growth.

청년고용촉진장려금 효과 분석

이철인 ( Chul-in Lee ) 한국노동경제학회 2016 勞動經濟論集 Vol.39 No.4

본 연구는 청년층의 고용촉진을 위한 재정투입 사업으로 2004년에 도입된 신규고용촉진장려금 사업의 효과를 탐색-매칭 모형의 틀 내에서 이해한 후, 준실험적 프로그램 평가 방법론을 실제 행정자료에 적용하여 분석한다. ①구직기간이 3개월을 초과한 청년근로자를 대상으로 구직 후 1년가량 사업주에게 최대 월 60만 원의 지원을 가능케 하는 본 제도의 구조는 기존 연구에서 다뤄지지 않았고, 또한 ② 재정지원 수준면에서 괄목할 만한 사업으로서 의의를 갖는다. 본고에서는 ③ 효과 추정에 그치지 않고 비용-편익 분석을 통해 제도의 총괄적 의의를 검토한다. 주요 분석 결과로서 대략 18일 정도 구직기간이 단축되었고, 임금수준이 3% 정도 향상되는 효과가 발생하였음을 얻었다. 보수적으로 설정된 상황 하의 비용-편익 분석의 결과 또한 표본기간 동안 본 사업의 효과성을 지지한다. 끝으로 본 결과의 해석에 관해 논의한다. This study examines the effects of the “youth unemployment bonus” program implemented in 2004. We view this program through the lenz of search-matching models and apply a quasi-experimental approach to an administrative unemployment insurance database of Korea. This episode is particularly useful because the program aims at long-term unemployed youths and the size of public assistance is large enough to subsidize employers for a year with a monthly subsidy of about $600. The main effects are found to be as follows: (i) the search period gets shortened by 18 days, (ii) the subsequent wage has increased by about three percents, and (iii) a conservative benefit-cost analysis reveals the validity of this program. We interpret these results in the context of general equilibrium models.

은닉 마코프 모델을 이용한 음성 인식 시스템 설계

이철원,임인칠,Lee, Chul-Won,Lim, In-Chil 대한전자공학회 1996 전자공학회논문지-B Vol.b33 No.1

본 논문에서는 이산 은닉 마코프 모델(Discrete Hidden Markov Model)을 이용한 연결 음성 인식에 관한 알고리듬 및 모델 토폴로지를 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 인식률과 인식할 수 있는 어휘를 고려하여 2 음소열 및 3 음소열 모델을 사용하며, 보다 정확한 음소 간의 세그멘테이션과 알고리듬의 수행 속도를 고려하여 2 음소열에서는 첫 번째 상태와 마지막 상태를 안정 상태, 나머지 상태는 천이 상태인 4 개의 상태를 갖도록 하고, 또한 3 음소열에서는 7 개의 상태를 갖도록 하며, 여기서 7개의 상태는 3 개의 안정 상태와 4개의 천이 상태를 갖도록 개선한다. 또한, 제안된 음성 인식 알고리듬은 인식 과정 내에서 음소의 발음 구간을 검출하도록 설계한다. This paper proposes an algorithm and a model topology for the connected speech recognition using Discrete Hidden Markov Models. A proposed model uses diphone and triphone model which consider the recognition rate and recognisable vocabulary. Considering more exact inter- phoneme segmentation and execution speed of algorithm, 4 states have to exist in diphone model where the first state and the last state are keeping a steady state, the other states hold a transient state. 7 states have to exist in triphone model where 7 states are specified and improved to 3 steady states and 4 transition states. Also, the proposed speech recognition algorithm is designed to detect the inter-phoneme segmentation during the recognition processing.