Vegetation change and emerging research feedback for Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER)

Cho, Yong-Chan,Lee, Chang-Seok,Cho, Hyun-Je,Lee, Kyu-Song,Park, Pil-Sun The Ecological Society of Korea 2011 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.34 No.1

Various responses of forest ecosystems to climate change underscore the need to improve our understanding of the environmentally-driven changes in forests, most effectively by long-term monitoring protocols. We have explored vegetation dynamics based on changes in community structure, species composition, diversity and demographics in four Korean National Long Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) sites--Mt. Nam, Mt. Jeombong, Mt. Worak, and Mt. Jiri--between 2004 and 2009. Most of the sites and forests studied exhibited increments in total basal area, but this was not observed in Quercus mongolica forests in Mt. Nam and Mt. Worak. Stem density exhibited various changes. Altitude gradient was the representative factor in differences in species composition. Two patterns of compositional change--convergence and divergence--were detected. The vegetation of Mt. Nam and Q. mongolica community of Mt. Work showed relatively larger changes in composition. However, in the other sites, few changes were observed. Changes of species richness were not notable except for Mt. Nam, where three species were added in the pine forest, whereas one species disappeared in the oak forest. In the oak forests, mortality rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (25.5%), Mt. Jeombong (24.3%), Mt. Worak (16.4%) and Mt. Jiri (0.8%). In the pine forest, the recruitment rate was as follows (in descending order): Mt. Nam (63.7%), Mt. Worak (12.9%), Mt. Jeombong (7.6%) and Mt. Jiri (7.3%). The mortality rate and change rate of basal area were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.9, P = 0.002), and the recruitment rate and change rate of density were positively correlated (r = 0.77, P = 0.026). In the KNLTER sites, larger vegetation changes were attributed to anthropogenic activities such as salvage logging. Suppression or competition for resources would also affect these changes. Research suggestions such as monitoring to clarify the causes of species mortality were discussed.

Effect of metal coating in all-fiber acousto-optic tunable filter using torsional wave.

Song, Du-Ri,Jun, Chang Su,Do Lim, Sun,Kim, Byoung Yoon Optical Society of America 2014 Optics express Vol.22 No.25

<P>Torsional mode acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is demonstrated using a metal-coated birefringent optical fiber for an improved robustness. The changes in acoustic and optical properties of a metal-coated birefringent optical fiber induced by the thin metal coating were analyzed experimentally and theoretically. The filter wavelength shift is successfully explained as a result of combined effect of acoustic wavelength change and optical birefringence change. We also demonstrated a small form-factor configuration by coiling the fiber with 6 cm diameter without performance degradation. The center wavelength of the filter can be tuned >35 nm by changing the applied frequency, and the coupling efficiency is higher than 92% with <5 nm 3-dB bandwidth.</P>

난치성 만성정신분열증 환자의 생활의 질에 미치는 정신사회치료 프로그램의 효과에 대한 예비연구

송동호,배민진,이종호,이홍식,김선경,서호석,김찬형,전지용 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.4

Objects : Recent studies of psychosocial adjustment after hospitalization have found that the combination of maintenance antipsychotic drug treatment and psychosocial treatment including psychoeducational program are highly predictive of social rehabilitation and reduction of subsequent relapse. Two groups of patients with refractory chronic schizophrenia were preliminarily compared to determine the effect of a psychosocial treatment program on the quality of life in refractory chronic schizophrenics in an open comparative trial. Methods : One group(N=11) was assigned to approximately six months of the psychosocial treatment program(including psychoeducation program and activity program such as interpersonal relationship program, social skill training, self management program, outings, etc), in a group format, twice a week and a fixed maintenance dosage of clozapine ; while scale(QLS) was used to provide an objective measure of changes in patient's psychosocial functioning and a general assessment of psychopathology was made using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS). Results : Both BPRS total positive score and the QLS total score, especially in the intrapsychic foundation factor of the scale showed a statistically significant improvement in the psychosocial treatment group. But there was no significant change in both BPRS and QLS scores over a 6-month period in the non-psychosocial treatment group. A significant negative correlation was found between the negative symptom and changes of QLS total, instrumental role and common object and activities scores respectively after receiving a 6-month of the psychosocial treatment program. Conclusion : These results suggest that a psychosocial treatment program including the integration of psychoeducation and a skill training oriented activity program serve as an outpatient treatment modality to improve the quality of the life in refractory chronic schizophrenia. To further clarify the effect of psychosocial treatment in chronic schizophrenia, a randomized trial should be done.

Effect of Inclusion of Lacquer (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) Meal on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Growing-finishing Pigs

Song, Chang-Hyun,Kim, Jin-Soo,Shinde, Prashant,Kim, Young-Woo,Kim, Kwang-Hyun,Kwon, Ill-Kyung,Kang, Sun-Moon,Lee, Sung-Ki,Chae, Byung-Jo Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In this study, pigs [n=117; (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc; $64{\pm}0.5$ Kg initial body weight] were used to investigate the effect of feeding different levels of lacquer (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) meal on performance, carcass traits and quality of meat kept under refrigeration at $3{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The pigs were randomly allotted to 3 treatments on the basis of body weight and sex and each treatment was replicated 3 times (13 pigs in each replicate). Lacquer meal in sawdust form obtained from the stem bark and heartwood of sun-dried lacquer trees was added to the grower and finisher diets at 0, 20 and 40 g/kg diet. The experimental diets were fed for 8 wk. Inclusion of lacquer meal had no influence (p>0.05) on growth performance of pigs. Improvement in carcass traits and decreased back fat thickness were noticed in pigs fed diets added with 20 and 40 g/kg lacquer meal. Longissimus muscle obtained from pigs fed lacquer meal had higher moisture and lower fat content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and water holding capacity. Meat from lacquer fed pigs was also darker and redder. The data indicates that lacquer meal can be incorporated up to 40 g/kg in the diet of fattening pigs without affecting growth performance. Also, lacquer meal increases carcass lean content and improves the oxidative stability of the meat.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

소아 IgA 신병증의 장기 추적(평균 10.8년)에 따른 임상 경과 및 병리학적 변화

문창민,김병길,임범진,송지선,정현주,Moon, Chang-Min,Kim, Pyung-Kil,Lim, Beom-Jin,Song, Ji-Sun,Jeong, Hyeon-Joo 대한소아신장학회 2010 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.14 No.2

목 적 : 소아 IgA 신병증의 임상 양상 및 병리학적 분류(Haas 분류)와 임상 경과와의 상관 관계를 조사하여 이들이 예후를 반영할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 병리학적으로 IgA 신병증으로 진단받고 추적 중이던 환자들 중 추적 신생검을 시행한 20명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 자료를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 최초 신생검시 평균 9.5세였고 남자 16명, 여자 4명이었으며, 최종 조직 검사까지 평균 10.8년이 경과하였다. 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제 등으로 치료를 지속한 후 정상뇨 소견, 정상 혈압, 정상 크레아티닌 청소율(CCr)을 보이는 임상적 관해 상태의 환자는 10명(50%)이었으며, 비관해 상태의 환자 10명(50%)도 초기와 비교하여 호전된 경과를 보였고, CCr이 중등도 이상 저하되거나 말기 신질환 양상을 보이는 환자는 없었다. 최초 Haas 분류는 임상경과와 상관 관계가 없었다. 초기 고혈압은 5명(25%)에서 보였고 이는 임상 경과(P =0.010) 및 최종 Haas 분류(P =0.007)와 유의성이 있었다. 초기 CCr의 중등도 저하는 Haas 분류와 유의성이 있었으나(P =0.048), 임상 경과와는 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 소아 IgA 신병증의 추적 기간 중 임상 경과는 양호하나 최초 Haas 분류로 임상 경과를 예측할 수는 없었으나 적극적인 조기 진단 및 치료로 말기 신질환으로의 진행을 지연시킬 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 초기 고혈압은 임상 경과 및 최종 Haas 분류와 유의한 상관관계를 보여 적합한 예후인자로 보인다. 최초 병리학적 소견은 임상 경과를 반영하지 못하나, 추적 Haas 분류가 예후를 반영할 수 있을지에 대해서는 보다 많은 추적 관찰 및 추적 신생검을 통한 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 보인다. Purpose : We know little about the natural course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in association with histologic changes especially in children. We investigated clinicopathologic features with long-term follow-up biopsy to clarify the outcomes and prognostic indicators for childhood IgAN. Methods : From our patients' medical records, we retrieved 20 patients with IgAN, to whom renal biopsies had been performed for the initial diagnosis and follow-up to find out any histologic changes. Initial and follow-up biopsies were classified by Haas classification. The changes of these parameters were compared with the evolution of clinical features. Results : Patients were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in combination with angiotensin receptor blockers (in subclass II or above) and short-term cyclosporine A(in patients showing nephrotic syndrome). Histologic improvement in 7 cases and deterioration in 3 cases were observed. At the time of last biopsy, 10 cases (50%) showed clinical remission and the others showed improved clinical features. These clinical outcomes did not correlate with initial Haas classifications. Hypertension at onset observed in 5 cases (25%) revealed significant correlation with clinical outcome (P =0.01) and last Haas classification (P =0.007). None of the cases showed progression to CRF or ESRD. Conclusion : During a mean follow-up of $10.8{\pm}3.4$ years, childhood IgAN showed good clinicopathologic outcome. Hypertension at onset was only a strong predictor of clinicopathologic outcomes, but initial Haas classification cannot predict outcomes in children. Histologic change of IgAN in long term follow-up period cannot be completely predicted by clinical data and vice versa. Therefore, a renal biopsy should be considered as a part of follow-up plan.

Characterization of cricket song patterns and the behavior observation of Teleogryllus emma (Orthoptera:Grylloidea)

Ji Chang Woo,Kim Nam-Jung,Lee Sang-Guei,Hwang-Yong Kim,Choi Hoon-Sik,Song In-Sun,Ko Jee Sun 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

We analyzed the chirp sound and behavior of Teleogryllus emma with observation system, which was consisted of computer, ccd-camera and microphone. Computational methods of wavelet transformation and Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) were utilized to characterized the chirp sound of insect species for automatic counting in this study. Wavelets were initially applied to feature extraction of the chirp sound. Wavelet coefficients were accordingly calculated based on the basis function (e.g., Morlet). The obtained coefficients were subsequently provided to count number of chirps in each song. Sound structure of insect specimens consisted with long chirp and short chirp and the patterns of song were grouped by frequency of long chirp and short chirp. The song patterns of insect specimens were divided by Self-Organizing Map (SOM) that was used number of chirp as input data. Application of computational methods to automatic detection of chirp sound was further discussed for obtaining objective assessment in behavior science.

濟州道 겨울 作物(채소류)의 流通 및 對日 輸出增大에 대한 硏究

姜景璿,宋昌吉 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

(1) The mean atmospheric timperature of Jeju area is higher than that of Seoul by 3'c and in the coldest month by 8'c, so Jeju-do is regarded as important place to cultivate subtropical plants. Such a natural state has accelerated the crop production suitable to warm region front time immemorial. Jeju-do has become a main producing district of tingerines, sweet potatos, barleys and rapes since the beginning of 1960's and Jeju-do's latest main products are wintering vegetables such as cabbages, carrots, garlics and onions. Such a term favorable to an off-crop season is developing Truck Farming. (2) A milder winter causes us to save petroleum needed to cultivate plants under vinyl plastic hot houses, where some 200cc of petroleum is needed to cultivate a tomato, some 100cc to cultivate a cucumber, some 18cc to cultivate a melon, some 200cc to cultivate a tangerine, and some 50-60cc to cultivate an eggplant. (3) A case study on sales method of carrots, garlics and cabbagges shows that 64-60% of farmers sell out a crop estimate on vegetable garden before harvesting. (4) A case study on distribution margin shows that gross margin rate is 66.2% in carrots, 77.2% in cabbages and 53.6% in garlics, and the income rate of above-mentioned products in a farmhouse is 33.8%, 22.8% and 46.4% respectively, while transporting expenses…cabbages (23.2%), carrots (12.1%) and garlics (8.7%)…are given much more weight than any other expense. (5) Japan limitted the total output of vegetables with 16 million ton of vegetables in 600,000 ha of vegetable culture area to keep the change of demand safe in 1979, but the increase of vegetable culture area, both by changing rice fields and by the propensity to consume energy, is becoming primary factors in the alteration of vegetable product stucture. (6) The amount of annual vege table consumption per headof population has changed into 110kg, and the vegetables consumed over 5kg are cabbages, onions and radishes and sweet potatos. Cucumbers are staying between 4kg and 5kg. The present propensity to consume vegetables represents multiformity, annual plants and high-grade food, with western vegetables as the central one. (7) The amout of Jepanese in agricultural, forestry and marine fields came up to $ 29,055, 000,000 in 1980. The income amount in agricultural products reaches $ 14,911,000,000 wich is equal to 51.3% of total. The income amount in fruits and vege tables reaches $ 1,420,000,000 which is equal to 95%, America holds the foremost place as importer Country of agricultural and marine producss and Taiwan the sixth place, but Korea fakes 11th place, earning $ 738,000,000 annually. The income amount from Korea in agricutural comes up to $ 152,000,000. (8) The income amount of vegetables in Japan reached $ 107,800,000,000, and the change of vegetable income (1965-1978) tells that income amount has increased the quantity by 17 times. Main articles of vegetables are frozen vegetables and salted ones. (9) No importer countries surpass America and Taiwan. The export share of fish and vegetables in Taiwan and Korea shows that Taiwan exports 24.3% of total Japanese import (2nd position) , while Korea does 2.8% (5th position). For frozen vegetables, America holds the first position, exporting 48.6% and Taiwan the 2nd position, exporting 31.4% , while for dried vegetables, Taiwan holds the first position, exporting 42.9% and Korea 5th position, exporting 2,8%. Also, for salted vegetables Taiwan exports 63.4% (1st) and Korea 3.1% (3rd), while for prepared vegetables, Taiwan exports 78% (nst) , and Korea 2% (5th). (10) The agricultural effort amount of Korea came up to $182,000,000 which corresponded to 0.9% of total export, $20,993,000,000, while the export amount of Jeju-do reached $ 593,000, corresponding to 0.3%. The raw silks of Korean agricultural products in 1975 were main export articles, corresponding to 58% of total agricultural products, but they are remarkably decreasing into 14.3%. The vegetable export share was 2.2% in 1975, but 11.8 percent increase in 1981 is a characteristic found only in the vegetable export. Thus, the fact that vegetables are given much weight in the export structure of agricultural products shows an important change and the probablility to develope in the future. Therefore, in the aspect of vegetable export, diversified studies are needed to prepare good vegetable-producing center and to foster special artfole like dried, salted, frozen, and manufactured vegetables.

Gene Expression Analysis of the Bromobenzene Treated Liver with Non-hepatotoxic Doses in Mice

Lim, Jung-Sun,Jeong, Sun-Young,Hwang, Ji-Yoon,Park, Han-Jin,Cho, Jae-Woo,Song, Chang-Woo,Kim, Yang-Seok,Lee, Wan-Seon,Moon, Jin-Hee,Han, Sang-Seop,Yoon, Seok-Joo The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2005 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.1 No.4

Bromobenzene (BB) is well known hepatotoxicant. Also, BB is an industrial solvent that arouses toxicity predominantly in the liver where it causes centrilobular necrosis. BB is subjected to Cytochrome P450 mediated epoxidation followed by either conjugation with glutathione, enzymatic hydrolysis or further oxidation. In this study, we focused on BB-induced gene expression at non-hepatotoxic dose. Mice were exposed to two levels of BB, sampled at 24 h, and hepatic gene expression levels were determined to evaluate dose dependent changes. When examining the toxic dose of BB treated group in other previous studies, genes related to heat shock protein, oxidative stress, and drug metabolism are expressed. Compared to these results, our study, in which non-toxic dose of BB was administrated, showed similar patterns as the toxic conditions above. The purpose of the study was to select genes that showed changes in relation to the differing dose through confirmation of the difference within transcriptomic boundaries, but those that are not detected by the existing classic toxicology tools in non-hepatotoxic dose.

Structure and Property Modification of Bimodal Molecular Weight Distribution Polyethylene by Electron Beam Irradiation

Lee, Sang-Man,Jeon, Hye-Jin,Choi, Sun-Woong,Song, Hyun-Hoon,Nho, Young-Chang,Cho, Kyu-Cheol The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.6

Polyethylene of bimodal molecular weight distribution was irradiated with an electron beam. The thermal and mechanical properties were examined by DSC, small and wide angle X-ray scattering and static tensile test according to the crystal morphology of the irradiated samples. The crystal morphology change upon irradiation, as revealed by wide angle X-ray scattering, correlated well with the changes in melting enthalpy, whereas the lamellar thickness and the amorphous gap thickness remained virtually unchanged at irradiation doses up to 500 kGy. Crosslinks in the crystal domains became evident at an energy level of 250 kGy, resulting in reduced crystallinity and crystal size of the (110) and (200) planes. The samples became stiff and brittle with increased irradiation dose, which seem to be more relevant to the amount of cross links than the crystal morphology changes.