Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with "Diagnosis Changed" Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

Kang, Byung Ju,Jo, Kyung-Wook,Park, Tai Sun,Yoo, Jung-Wan,Lee, Sei Won,Choi, Chang-Min,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the "diagnosis changed" rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: "diagnosis maintained", "diagnosis changed" (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and "administrative error" (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the "administrative error" group, the "diagnosis maintained" and "diagnosis changed" groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of "diagnosis changed" were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn's disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a "diagnosis changed" result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high "diagnosis changed" rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the "diagnosis changed" rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of "diagnosis changed" cases is desirable.

Causes and Predictive Factors Associated with “Diagnosis Changed” Outcomes in Patients Notified as Tuberculosis Cases in a Private Tertiary Hospital

( Byung Ju Kang ),( Kyung Wook Jo ),( Tai Sun Park ),( Jung Wan Yoo ),( Sei Won Lee ),( Chang Min Choi ),( Yeon Mok Oh ),( Sang Do Lee ),( Woo Sung Kim ),( Dong Soon Kim ),( Tae Sun Shim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.75 No.6

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate the “diagnosis changed” rate in patients notified as tuberculosis (TB) on the Korean TB surveillance system (KTBS). Methods: A total of 1,273 patients notified as TB cases on the KTBS in one private tertiary hospital in 2011 were enrolled in the present study. Patients were classified into three groups: “diagnosis maintained”, “diagnosis changed” (initially notified as TB, but ultimately diagnosed as non-TB), and “administrative error” (notified as TB due to administrative errors). Results: Excluding 17 patients in the “administrative error” group, the “diagnosis maintained” and “diagnosis changed” groups included 1,097 (87.3%) and 159 patients (12.7%), respectively. Common causes of “diagnosis changed” were nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease (51.7%, 61/118), and pneumonia (17.8%) in cases notified as pulmonary TB, and meningitis (19.5%, 8/41) and Crohn`s disease (12.2%) in cases notified as extrapulmonary TB. Being older than 35 years of age (odds ratio [OR], 2.18) and a positive acid-fast bacilli stain (OR, 1.58) were positive predictors and a TB-related radiological finding (OR, 0.42) was a negative predictor for a “diagnosis changed” result via multivariate logistic regression analysis in pulmonary TB cases. Conclusion: Because of a high “diagnosis changed” rate in TB notifications to the KTBS, the TB incidence rate measured by the KTBS may be overestimated. Considering the worldwide trend toward increased NTM disease, the “diagnosis changed” rate may increase over time. Thus, when reporting the annual TB notification rate in Korea, the exclusion of “diagnosis changed” cases is desirable.

한국불교문화의 세계화 - 한계와 대응 -

장상목 ( Chang Sang Mok ) 사단법인 한국교수불자연합회 2016 한국교수불자연합학회지 Vol.22 No.3

한국불교문화의 특성과 제반 문제점들을 최근 사회발전과 변화에 수반되는 현상으로 보지 않고 사바세계의 내재적 문제점들로 인식하고 사바세계를 불국정토로 만들라고 하신 석가세존의 대자 대비한 부촉에 부응하여 변화하고 발전하여 온 불교문화들을 21세기 문화운동의 일환으로 고찰하고자 하였다. 순수문학과 대중문학의 경계를 허물어야 한다고 주장하는 포스트모더니즘에서 일어나고 있는 주요한 변화들을 간단히 개괄함으로써, 사바세계에 대한 불교 문화적 관점이 불교교리를 견강부회한 교리 중심적인 접근이 아니라 보다 합리적이고 다양한 관점에서 접근하였음을 밝히고자 하였다. 21세기 사회 변화발전이 사회전반에 걸쳐, 그리고 종교적으로 어떤 영향을 주었으며, 앞으로 불교문화 운동의 방향성 정립에 어떤 영향을 주었는지 고찰하고자 하였다. 불교문화가 21세기 사회의 특수상황뿐만 아니라 인류사적 측면에서 인간해방과 불국정토 구현이라는 인류 보편적 사상의 실천이었다는 점을 강조하고자 한다. 그런 측면에서 불교의 정신문화적 토양이 21세기 시대정신을 반영하는 문화로 더욱 빛을 발휘할 것이며 발전할 것이라는 점을 논하였다. This paper recognizes the various characteristics and problems arising in the Korean Buddhist culture as an intrinsic properties of the world of suffering(sabha) instead of a phenomena accompanying the recent social development and change. Sakyamuni Buddha gave a sermon to his disciples and followers to seek a path building the Buddhist Elysium Elysium (Sukkavati). The Buddhist cultures, which were changed and developed in response to the requests of Sakyamuni Buddha, are considered as part of the 21st century cultural movement. By a brief overview of major changes in the postmodernism, which argues that the boundary of pure literature and popular literature should be broken, it is tried to elucidate that the Buddhist cultural perspectives of the world of suffering are not farfetched interpretation and religious approach, which distort the society phenomenon to religious doctrine of Buddhism, but more reasonable and diverse approach. This paper investigates how the 21st century social change and development have an influence on the whole society, specifically the religious world, and the establishment of future Buddhist cultural movement direction. Furthermore, it emphasizes the Buddhist culture gives a direction for not only the special situations of the 21st century society, but also by the universal values of human freedom and liberty and manifestation of the Buddhist Elysium. At this point, the fundamental mental culture soil of Buddhism will be shared and developed as the culture that reflects the zeitgeist of the 21st century.

SV40 T 항원의 온도조건부 변이형 유전자가 포함된 Amphotropic Retrovirus 에 의한 사람 태아 간세포의 불멸화

이정일(Joung Il Lee),동석호(Seok Ho Dong),김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),김병호(Byung Ho Kim),장영운(Young Woon Chang),장린(Rin Chang),성세라(Se Ra Seong),박재경(Jae Kyung Park),김승보(Seung Bo Kim),이상목(Sang Mok Lee) 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.57 No.1

N/A Human cells are almost never spontaneously immortalized in vitro. We tried to immortalize human fetal hepatocytes (h-FH) and evaluate the differentiational status and its change. Methods : Hepatocytes were isolated from a liver fragment of 20 week old fetus and infected with amphotropic recombinant retrovirus containing a temperature- sensitive mutant of SV40 large T antigen and neomycin phosphotransferase gene. G418 resistant colonies were cloned and expanded. The cells which were able to divide more than 30 times were used to analyze various functions. Results : The immortalization rate was 3.3 x 10-8 and two cell lines (C11, D21) were established. C11-60, C11-80, D21-30 and D21-60 (suffix number means the cell division counts) were evaluated. D21-30 was thougt to be imcompletely immortalized because a considerable portion of cells died during culture. The morphology was similar to that of epithelial cells except for D21-30 which looked like fibroblast. The cells grew rapidly at 33oC but stopped growing at 39oC. T antigen and p53 was expressed at 33oC but disappeared at 39oC, which suggest that T antigen binds to p53. Chromosomal changes were so marked that it was impossible to discriminate exact number. Albumin was secreted as about 1/10 as that of h-FH, but alpha-fetoprotein secretion stopped after immortalization. Telomerase was activated in both cell lines except for the incompletely immortalized cells D21-30. Telomere was elongated in competely immortalized cell lines, but it was rather shortened in D21-30 compared to that of h-FH. Macroscopic colonies did not develop in soft agar assay. Conclusions : We successfully immortalized human fetal hepatocytes. Although the cells are not likely to have oncogenicity, the functions are not so good, possibly due to marked chromosomal changes which are thought to occur before telomerase is activated during immortalization step.

혈액투석 유지 요법 환자에서 하대정맥 직경과 좌심실 비대와의 관계

신진호(Jin Ho Shin),박찬현(Chan Hyun Park),최정혜(Jung Hye Choi),이창화(Chang Hwa Lee),강경원(Kyoung Won Kahng),김상목(Sang Mok Kim),강종명(Chong Myung Kang),박한철(Han Chul Park),장성렬(Sung Ryul Chang),이방헌(Bang Hun Lee) 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.55 No.5

N/A Background: Volume overload is one of the most important, correctable factor far blood sure control in hemodialysis patient. But objective parameter for the ideal body weight is not available in clinical field yet. Recently inferior vena caval examination became a possible candidate for an objective parameter for intravascular volume status. Therefore we investigated how inferior vena cava changes during hemodialysis compared with total amount of ultrafiltration and ANP, and also the effect of changes of IVC diameter on LVK Methods: 43 patients on stable maintainance hemodialysis were enrolled. Among them, 21 patients were on antihypertensive medication. Just before and after the hemodialysis, inferior vena cava diameter, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and left ventricular mass index were measured for each patient. Inferior vena cava was examined at the level just below the hepatic vein during quiet respiration and left ventricular mass index was calculated. Results- Inferior vena cava at expiration(IVCe) was significantly decreased during hemodialysis(before hemodialysis 21.9 4.9 mm, after hemodialysis 18.3 4.4 mm, p = 0.02). Collasibility index was significantly increased during hemodialysis (before hemodialysis 0.24 0.15, after hemodialysis 0.41 0.19, p< 0.001). Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) was significantly decreased during hemodialysis (before hemodialysis 252.3±119.0 pg/ml, after hemodialysis 185.6±93.2 pg/ml, p<0.001). Total ultrafiltration amount was significantly correlated with collapsibility change(r=-0.40) and change of ANP(r=-0.41). Left ventricular mass index was correlated with interdialysis weight gain(r=0.39, p<0.05), IVCe after hemodialysis(r=0.48, p<0.05) in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Collapsibility index of inferior vena cava, IVC diameter and ANP changes reflect the volume change during the hemodiaylsis. Therefore 1VC examination can be an objective parameter for volume change during hemodialysis. Postdialysis 1VCe correlates weakly with left ventricular mass index but it cannot be an independant risk factor for left ventricular hypertrophy in our study.

Implementation of (RSF + RPP) PWM Inverter for reducing Harmonics

Sang-mok Ha,Woo-yong Han,Chang-goo Lee,Seong-joong Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2002 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.10

A New Record of Gynodiastylis platycarpus (Cumacea: Gynodiastylidae) from Korea

Chang-Mok Lee,Soon-Sang Hong,Kyung-Sook Lee 한국동물분류학회 2011 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.27 No.1

Gynodiastylis platycarpus Gamo is redescribed as a new record of Korean fauna and a key to the Korean species of the genus is provided. This species is characterized by a slender body, a small telson, and a 3-articulated uropodal endopod.

Size effect of tire rubber particles on tribological properties of brake friction materials

Chang, Yeon Ha,Joo, Byung Soo,Lee, Sang Mok,Jang, Ho Elsevier 2018 Wear: An international journal on the science and Vol.394 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Size effect of rubber particles on the friction and wear of brake friction materials was investigated since their morphology is often connected to friction instability. Friction materials were fabricated with recycled rubber particles of two different sizes, approximately 75 and 450µm, and their frictional performance was examined with a reduced-scale brake dynamometer. The results showed that the specimen with small rubber particles showed higher contact stiffness than that with large rubber particles. However, the small rubber particles in the friction materials increased the friction level and friction instability, accompanied by a higher wear rate, which were attributed to the larger high-pressure contact plateaus produced at the sliding interface. This study indicated that the frictional instability of brake friction materials is strongly affected by the contact plateaus and suggested that friction instability can be reduced by regulating the recycled rubber particle size.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Size effect of tire rubber particles on tribological properties was investigated. </LI> <LI> Friction level and friction instability were affected by the rubber particle size. </LI> <LI> Stick–slip amplitude was affected by the size of high-pressure contact plateaus. </LI> <LI> Small rubber particles increased wear rate and aggravated friction instability. </LI> </UL> </P>

Analysis of Im-SH Self-Assembled Monolayer Formation and Its Interaction with Fe2 and Zn2 Using Quartz Crystal Analyzer

Sang Mok Chang,Jin Young Park,Seong Hun Song,Sung Woong Han,Jong Min Kim,Hiroshi Muramatsu,Burm Jong Lee 한국고분자학회 2001 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2001 No.4

The Design of an Election Protocol based on Mobile Ad-hoc Network Environment

Sung-Hoon Park(박성훈),Yeong-Mok Kim(김영목),Su-Chang Yoo(유수창) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2016 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.21 No.8

In this paper, we propose an election protocol based on mobile ad-hoc network. In distributed systems, a group of computer should continue to do cooperation in order to finish some jobs. In such a system, an election protocol is especially practical and important elements to provide processes in a group with a consistent common knowledge about the membership of the group. Whenever a membership change occurs, processes should agree on which of them should do to accomplish an unfinished job or begins a new job. The problem of electing a leader is very same with the agreeing common predicate in a distributed system such as the consensus problem. Based on the termination detection protocol that is traditional one in asynchronous distributed systems, we present the new election protocol in distributed systems that are based on MANET, i.e. mobile ad hoc network.