Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor Binding Ablation Reduces Adenovirus Liver Tropism and Toxicity

Yun, Chae-Ok,Yoon, A-Rum,Yoo, Ji Young,Kim, Hoguen,Kim, Minjung,Ha, Taeyong,Kim, Gwi Eon,Kim, Hyunhee,Kim, Joo-Hang Mary Ann Liebert 2005 Human gene therapy Vol.16 No.2

<P>Human adenovirus-based vectors have emerged as a new promising vehicle for in vivo gene transfer-mediated therapy. However, the full potential of this methodology has not been fully realized because of the nonspecific tissue distribution of adenoviral vectors. Adenovirus infection is initiated by forming a complex between the fiber protein and a ubiquitously expressed host cell membrane protein, coxsackie B virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Therefore, ablating the adenovirus vector's ability to bind to the CAR is the first step in redirecting adenoviral tropism. To ablate CAR binding, we mutated the Bbeta sheet of the fiber knob, generating CAR-binding ablated replication-incompetent (dl-K420A-Z) and replication-competent (YKLK420A) adenoviral vectors. The in vitro transduction efficiency of dl-K420A-Z was significantly reduced in comparison to dl-LacZ carrying the wild-type fiber in CAR-positive cells but not in CAR-negative cells, suggesting that the mutation introduced in the Bbeta sheet of the fiber knob could disable the CAR-dependent transduction pathway. The in vivo transduction was also dramatically reduced in the liver and other organs for mice treated with dl-K420A-Z, compared with a cognate control vector, dl-LacZ. Concomitant with this attenuated gene transfer efficiency in vivo was a substantial reduction in the amount of general toxicity observed in the YKL-K420A-treated mice. Diminished toxicity was surmised from quantitative measurement of serum level of enzymes for liver and kidney function, hematologic chemistries, histopathology, and differences in lethality. Significant decrease in serum transaminases (alanine transferase [ALT] and aspartate transferase [AST]) was observed in mice treated with YKL-K420A. In addition, the lethality was lower in the YKLK420A- treated groups compared to the YKL-1-treated groups at all doses examined. Furthermore, the hepatopathologic analysis revealed that YKL-1 induced focal zonal necrosis and hepatocyte degeneration, while YKL-K420A induced mild spotty necrosis. In summary, this decreased vector tropism of CAR-binding ablated adenoviruses in normal tissues may increase the amount of virus available for infecting tumor cells and thus increase the antitumor efficacy with fewer unwanted side effects.</P>

Exosomal miR-181b-5p Downregulation in Ascites Serves as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Gastric Cancer-associated Malignant Ascites

Yun, Jieun,Han, Sang-Bae,Kim, Hong Jun,Go, Se-il,Lee, Won Sup,Bae, Woo Kyun,Cho, Sang-Hee,Song, Eun-Kee,Lee, Ok-Jun,Kim, Hee Kyung,Yang, Yaewon,Kwon, Jihyun,Chae, Hee Bok,Lee, Ki Hyeong,Han, Hye Sook The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.3

Purpose: Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients results in extremely poor prognosis. Malignant ascites samples are the most appropriate biological material to use to evaluate biomarkers for peritoneal carcinomatosis. This study identified exosomal MicroRNAs (miRNAs) differently expressed between benign liver cirrhosis-associated ascites (LC-ascites) and malignant gastric cancer-associated ascites (GC-ascites), and validated their role as diagnostic biomarkers for GC-ascites. Materials and Methods: Total RNA was extracted from exosomes isolated from 165 ascites samples (73 LC-ascites and 92 GC-ascites). Initially, microarrays were used to screen the expression levels of 2,006 miRNAs in the discovery cohort (n=22). Subsequently, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were performed to validate the expression levels of selected exosomal miRNAs in the training (n=70) and validation (n=73) cohorts. Furthermore, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined in ascites samples. Results: The miR-574-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-4481, and miR-181d were significantly downregulated in the GC-ascites samples compared to the LC-ascites samples, and miR-181b-5p showed the best diagnostic performance for GC-ascites (area under the curve [AUC]=0.798 and 0.846 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). The diagnostic performance of CEA for GC-ascites was improved by the combined analysis of miR-181b-5p and CEA (AUC=0.981 and 0.946 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). Conclusions: We identified exosomal miRNAs capable of distinguishing between non-malignant and GC-ascites, showing that the combined use of miR-181b-5p and CEA could improve diagnosis.

Evolution of Target Therapy in Chronic Liver Disease : Functionalized oncolytic adenovirus nanocomplex for cancer gene therapy

( Chae Ok Yun ) 대한간학회 2015 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2015 No.2

A challenge to develop adenovirus (Ad)-mediated therapeutics has been issued to treat metastatic cancer via systemic administration. Systemic administration of conventional naked Ads leads to the acute accumulation of Ad particles in the liver, induction of neutralizing antibody, short blood circulation half-life, nonspecific biodistribution in undesired organs, and low selective accumulation in the target disease site. Versatile strategies involving the modification of viral surfaces with polymers and nanomaterials have been designed to maximize Ad antitumor activity and specificity by systemic administration. Modification of the Ad surface allows Ad to circulate in the bloodstream for a longer time, to be not targeted to the liver, and to passively accumulate in tumor sites via enhanced permeation and retention effects. The addition of affinity tags results in active targeting and high efficacy. Biodistribution, blood circulation time, immune response, and therapeutic efficacy of functionalized oncolytic Ad nanocomplex will be discussed, proposing the future direction of viral/nonviral combinatory delivery for cancer therapy.

Transduction of artificial transcriptional regulatory proteins into human cells

Yun, Chae-Ok,Shin, Hyun-Chul,Kim, Tae-Dong,Yoon, Wan-Hee,Kang, Yoon-A,Kwon, Heung-Sun,Kim, Seong Keun,Kim, Jin-Soo Oxford University Press 2008 Nucleic acids research Vol.36 No.16

<P>Protein transduction (PT) is a method for delivering proteins into mammalian cells. PT is accomplished by linking a small peptide tag—called a PT domain (PTD)—to a protein of interest, which generates a functional fusion protein that can penetrate efficiently into mammalian cells. In order to study the functions of a transcription factor (TF) of interest, expression plasmids that encode the TF often are transfected into mammalian cells. However, the efficiency of DNA transfection is highly variable among different cell types and is usually very low in primary cells, stem cells and tumor cells. Zinc-finger transcription factors (ZF-TFs) can be tailor-made to target almost any gene in the human genome. However, the extremely low efficiency of DNA transfection into cancer cells, both <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I>, limits the utility of ZF-TFs. Here, we report on an artificial ZF-TF that has been fused to a well-characterized PTD from the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) transcriptional activator protein, Tat. This ZF-TF targeted the endogenous promoter of the human <I>VEGF-A</I> gene. The PTD-attached ZF-TF was delivered efficiently into human cells <I>in vitro</I>. In addition, the VEGF-A-specific transcriptional repressor retarded the growth rate of tumor cells in a mouse xenograft experiment.</P>

동적인 안면 변화 추적 알고리즘 기반 게임 인터페이스

고윤호(Yun-Ho Ko),김은종(Eun-Jong Kim),문유경(Yu-Kyoung Moon),이승형(Seung-Hyung Lee),채옥삼(Ok-Sam Chae) 한국정보과학회 2015 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in keloid tissue

Yang, Chae-Eun,Moon, Seung Jin,Kim, Soo Jung,Lee, Ju Hee,Yun, Chae-Ok,Lew, Dae Hyun,Lee, Won Jai Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2018 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.45 No.6

정보보호 : 수중통신에 활용가능한 다양한 플랫폼에서의 암호 알고리즘 성능비교

윤채원 ( Chae Won Yun ),이재훈 ( Jae Hoon Lee ),이옥연 ( Ok Yeon Yi ),신수영 ( Su Young Shin ),박수현 ( Soo Hyun Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2016 정보처리학회논문지. 컴퓨터 및 통신시스템 Vol.5 No.3

최근 환경오염에 의한 수질관리, 재난방지, 해양자원탐사 및 군사목적 등으로 수중환경에서의 음파통신에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 수중네트워크는 물이라는 특수한 환경으로 인해 많은 제약사항이 존재한다. 이를 극복하기 위한 노력은 계속되고 있으며 더불어 보안의 필요성도 함께 중요시 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 수중 음파통신에서 활용가능한 다양한 플랫폼에서 AES, ARIA, LEA 암호 알고리즘의 성능을 측정하고 그 결과를 비교 분석하여, 향후 수중 네트워크에서의 통신에 효율적으로 기밀성을 제공할 수 있도록 한다. Recently, The interest about underwater acoustic communication is increase such as marine resources, disaster prevention, weather prediction, and so on. Because the underwater acoustic communication uses a water as media, the underwater acoustic communication has a lot of restrictions. Although the underwater acoustic communication is hard, it is important to consider the security. In this paper, we estimate the performance of cryptographic algorithms(AES, ARIA, and LEA) on a various devices, available in underwater acoustic communication, and analysis the results. This result will be provide effective data confidentiality for underwater communication.

서울지역 유통판매 중인 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 위해 미생물 오염도 조사

김희연(Hee-Yun Kim),오선우(Seon-Woo Oh),정소영(So-Young Chung),최선희(Seon-Hee Choi),이지원(Ji-Won Lee),양지연(Ji-Yeon Yang),서은채(Eun-Chae Seo),김용훈(Yong-Hoon Kim),박희옥(Hee-Ok Park),양철용(Cheul-Young Yang),하상철(Sang-Chul Ha) 한국식품과학회 2011 한국식품과학회지 Vol.43 No.1

국내에 유통되고 있는 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품에 대한 미생물 모니터링 검사를 실시하고자 식품품목별로 일반세균수, E. coli 정성 및 정량, S. aureus 정량, B. cereus group 정량, L. monocytogenes 정성 및 정량검사를 실시하였다. 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품은 해산물함유, 육류함유, 빵류, 밥류, 샐러드류, 신선편의식품류로 유형을 분류하고 식품군별 미생물 오염도를 비교분석하였다. 일반 세균수에서는 대부분 3-5 log CFU/g의 오염분포를 보였으며, 가장 높은 오염도와 유의적인 차이를 보이면서 가장 높은 평균값(4.4 log CFU/g이상)를 보인 품목은 빵류, 밥류와 신선편의식품이었다. E. coli는 밥류 2건에서 식품기준 및 규격을 초과하였으며, S. aureus은 해산물함유 1건 및 빵류 1건에서 식품공전 기준 및 규격 이상을 초과하여 이들 식품군들의 식품위생관리가 더 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 종합해 보면, 식중독균은 계절에 상관없이 E. coli, S. aureus 및 B. cereus group의 오염도를 꾸준히 보이고 있으며, 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 미생물오염 관리는 계절에 상관없이 개인위생 및 환경위생에 지속적인 관리가 필요한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 즉석섭취ㆍ편의식품의 미생물적 안전성확보를 위해서는 제조업체의 생산단계부터 사용재료에 대한 정확한 분석, 운반과정에 대한 관리, 제조 및 유통단계에서의 위생관리 등 전반적인 위생관리가 적용되어할 것으로 판단된다. This study was carried out to examine microbiological contamination of ready-to-eat products and to propose a draft-standard and specifications according to food types. RTE foods were classified into 6 groups including fish products, meat products, breads, rices, salads, and fresh cut foods. The prevalence rates of pathogens detected from all samples were compared among food categories. The pH ranges for all RTE samples were between 3.8 and 7.3. Total aerobic cell counts ranged from 2 to 6 log CFU/g. Bread, rice and fresh-cut foods showed significantly higher counts, which ranged above 4.0 log CFU/g among the samples. Two kinds of rice were above the level of the KFDA Food Code standard for Eschrichia coli. The prevalence rate of E. coli in the rice was 6.7%. For Staphylococcus aureus, one fish product and one bread-product had levels above 2 log CFU/g. Bacillus cereus counts for all samples were below the level of 3 log CFU/g. Listeria monocytogenes was not detected in the samples. Therefore, these data suggest that the primary microbial hazard factors for ready-to-eat foods and risk assessments should focus on E. coli, S. aureus, and B. cereus.

염색시술시 온도와 방치시간에 따른 모발의 역학적 특성

채희옥 ( Hee Ok Chae ),나해윤 ( Hae Yun Na ),나명석 ( Myung Suk Na ) 한국미용학회 2010 한국미용학회지 Vol.16 No.2

The desires of the moderns living in the 21st century have become varied and their interest in beauty has been greatly increased. This study was intended to examine the mechanical characteristics of coloring hair by Rheometer. For the mechanical characteristics of the virgin and damaged hair according to temperature and change of coloring time, the damaged hair had longer elongation and lower tensile strength than the virgin hair irrespective of temperature and change of coloring time. Specifically, the damaged hair showed very irregular results according to temperature and change of coloring time. Furthermore, this study is very significant since it can be used as basic materials which can apply to the beauty field. If further research is conducted by using a variety of coloring agents and permanent products, it will become very important material to manage customer`s hair.

한국검시제도의 문제점과 개선을 위한 제안

임규옥(Gyu Ok Lim),박희경(Hee Kyung Park),이상안(Sang Han Lee),곽정식(Jung Sik Kwak),곽연식(Yun Sik Kwak),채종민(Jong Min Chae) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2003 형사정책연구 Vol.56 No.-