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Effect of Ion-Pair Formation with Bile Salts on the In Vitro Cellular Transport of Berberine
Hye-Won Chae,김인화,진효언,김대덕,정석재,심창구 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.1
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of ion-pair complexation with endogenous bile salts on the transport of a quarternary ammonium organic cationic (OC) drug, berberine, across the Caco-2 and LLC-PK1 cell monolayers. The basolateral-to-apical (BL-AP) transport of berberine in Caco-2 cells was temperature dependent and 10-fold higher than that of the apical-to-basolateral (AP-BL) transport. Similar results were observed for the transport of berberine across the LLC-PK1 cells. Moreover, the BL-AP transport in the Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced by the cis-presence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors such as cyclosporine A, verapamil, and digoxin. These results suggest that an efflux transporter, probably P-gp, is involved in the Caco-2 cell transport. The Km and Vmax values for the carrier-mediated transport were estimated to be 83.4 mM and 7640 pmole/h/cm2, respectively. The apparent partition coefficient (APC) of berberine between n-octanol and a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was increased by the presence of an organic anion (OA), taurodeoxycholate (TDC, a bile salt), suggesting the formation of a lipophilic ion-pair complex between an OC (berberine) and an OA (TDC). Despite the ion-pair complexation, however, the BL-AP transport of berberine across the Caco-2 and LLC-PK1 cells was not altered by the cis-presence of bile salts or the rat bile juice. This is consistent with the reportedly unaltered secretory transport of a quarternary ammonium compound, tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA), across the Caco-2 cell monolayers in the cis-presence of bile salts or the rat bile juice, but not with our previous report in which the secretory transport of TBuMA across the LLC-PK1 cell was increased in the cis-presence of TDC. Therefore, the effect of ion-pair formation with the bile components or bile salts on the secretory transport of OCs appears to depend on the molecular properties of OCs (e.g., molecular weight, lipophilicity and affinity to relevant transporters) and the characteristics of cell strains (e.g., expression and contribution of responsible transporters to the transport).
Won, Hye Sung,Maeng, Lee So,Chae, Hiun Suk,Kim, Hyung Keun,Cho, Young Suk,Kang, Jin-Hyoung,Jang, Hong Seok,Ryu, Mi-Ryeong The Korean Society of Gastroenterology; the Korean 2012 Gut and Liver Vol.6 No.2
<P><B>Background/Aims</B></P><P>The purpose of this study was to investigate the malignant potential of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) by measuring the multiplicity of crypts and lectin expression in the early and late stages of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Six-week-old Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with DMH for 27 weeks. We classified ACF according to the number of crypts per ACF as a few crypts (≤3 crypts, FC ACF) or numerous crypts (≥4 crypts, NC ACF). Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate lectin expression.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In the early stage, FC ACF (590/1,902, 31.0%) occurred more frequently than NC ACF (35/449, 7.8%); whereas in the late stage, NC ACF (176/449, 39.2%) occurred more frequently than FC ACF (324/1,902, 17.0%). The number of ACF peaked at 15 to 20 weeks. The ratio of NC/FC ACF increased gradually during carcinogenesis. The expression of both UEA1 and PNA was higher in NC ACF than FC ACF. Lectin expression increased in the late stage compared with the early stage.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>The expression of lectin was higher in NC ACF and ACF in the late stage. Therefore, ACF with higher multiplicities in the late stage may have more malignant potential in DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis.</P>
Development of A Hybrid Medical Decision Support System for Diagnosing Nasal Allergy
Chae, Young Moon,Chung, Seung Kyu,Hong, Se Won,Kang, Eun Hye,Park, In Yong 한국경영과학회 1992 經營 科學 Vol.9 No.2
This paper deals with problem of improving the capability of the medical decision support system (MDSS) for diagnosing nasal allergy by integrating the previously developed expert system with the neural network approach and the case-based reasoning (CBR) approach. Three knowledge acquisition methods were used to develop the expert system : statistical, rule-based, and the mixed approach. Among the three, the mixed approach showed the best prediction rate based on discriminant analysis. The neural network was developed using back-propagation method and then a series of sensitivity analysis were performed to improve a performance of the model. While the expert system produced the best overall matching-rate, the CBR system performed better for the problem cases, as expected, and therefore the hybrid MDSS comprising of the three knowledge acquisition approaches was suggested to further improve a performance of the MDSS.
Error Correction for Korean Speech Recognition using a LSTM-based Sequence-to-Sequence Model
Hye-won Jin(진혜원),A-Hyeon Lee(이아현),Ye-Jin Chae(채예진),Su-Hyun Park(박수현),Yu-Jin Kang(강유진),Soowon Lee(이수원) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2021 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.26 No.10
현재 대부분의 음성인식 오류 교정에 관한 연구는 영어를 기준으로 연구되어 한국어 음성인식에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 하지만 영어 음성인식에 비해 한국어 음성인식은 한국어의 언어적인 특성으로 인해 된소리, 연음 등의 발음이 있어, 비교적 많은 오류를 보이므로 한국어 음성인식에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 또한, 기존의 한국어 음성인식 연구는 주로 편집 거리 알고리즘과 음절 복원 규칙을 사용하기 때문에, 된소리와 연음의 오류 유형을 교정하기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 된소리, 연음 등 발음으로 인한 한국어 음성인식 오류를 교정하기 위하여 LSTM을 기반으로 한 인공 신경망 모델 Sequence-to-Sequence와 Bahdanau Attention을 결합하는 문맥 기반 음성인식 후처리 모델을 제안한다. 실험 결과, 해당 모델을 사용함으로써 음성인식 성능은 된소리의 경우 64%에서 77%, 연음의 경우 74%에서 90%, 평균 69%에서 84%로 인식률이 향상되었다. 이를 바탕으로 음성인식을 기반으로 한 실제 응용프로그램에도 본 연구에서 제안한 모델을 적용할 수 있다고 사료된다. Recently, since most of the research on correcting speech recognition errors is based on English, there is not enough research on Korean speech recognition. Compared to English speech recognition, however, Korean speech recognition has many errors due to the linguistic characteristics of Korean language, such as Korean Fortis and Korean Liaison, thus research on Korean speech recognition is needed. Furthermore, earlier works primarily focused on editorial distance algorithms and syllable restoration rules, making it difficult to correct the error types of Korean Fortis and Korean Liaison. In this paper, we propose a context-sensitive post-processing model of speech recognition using a LSTM-based sequence-to-sequence model and Bahdanau attention mechanism to correct Korean speech recognition errors caused by the pronunciation. Experiments showed that by using the model, the speech recognition performance was improved from 64% to 77% for Fortis, 74% to 90% for Liaison, and from 69% to 84% for average recognition than before. Based on the results, it seems possible to apply the proposed model to real-world applications based on speech recognition.
Efficient Production of Fatty Acids and Fuels by Metabolically Engineered Rhodococcus opacus Strains
Hye Mi KIM,Tong Un CHAE,So Young CHOI,Won Jun KIM,Sang Yup LEE 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Microbial production of free fatty acids (FFAs) and derivatives is of great interest. We report the development of engineered Rhodococcus opacus strains producing FFAs, fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) and long-chain hydrocarbons (LCHCs). An engineered strain with acyl-CoA synthetases deleted, overexpressing three lipases produces 50.2 g/L of FFAs. Another engineered strain with acyl-CoA dehydrogenases deleted, overexpressing lipases, foldase, acyl-CoA synthetase, and heterologous aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase and wax ester synthase produces 21.3 g/L of FAEEs. A third engineered strain with acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and alkane-1 mono-oxygenase deleted, overexpressing lipases, foldase, acyl-CoA synthetase, and heterologous acyl-CoA reductase, acyl-ACP reductase and aldehyde deformylating oxygenase produces 5.2 g/L of LCHCs. Engineered strains developed here will help establish oleaginous biorefinery platform.
Hye Sook Han,Jieun Yun,Sang-Bae Han,Hong Jun Kim,Se-il Go,Won Sup Lee,Woo Kyun Bae,Sang-Hee Cho,Eun-Kee Song,Ok-Jun Lee,양예원,Yaewon Yang,Jihyun Kwon,Hee Bok Chae,한혜숙,김희경,이기형 대한위암학회 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.3
Purpose: Peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer (GC) patients results in extremelypoor prognosis. Malignant ascites samples are the most appropriate biological material touse to evaluate biomarkers for peritoneal carcinomatosis. This study identified exosomalMicroRNAs (miRNAs) differently expressed between benign liver cirrhosis-associated ascites(LC-ascites) and malignant gastric cancer-associated ascites (GC-ascites), and validated theirrole as diagnostic biomarkers for GC-ascites. Materials and Methods: Total RNA was extracted from exosomes isolated from 165 ascitessamples (73 LC-ascites and 92 GC-ascites). Initially, microarrays were used to screen theexpression levels of 2,006 miRNAs in the discovery cohort (n=22). Subsequently, quantitativereverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses were performed tovalidate the expression levels of selected exosomal miRNAs in the training (n=70) andvalidation (n=73) cohorts. Furthermore, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels weredetermined in ascites samples. Results: The miR-574-3p, miR-181b-5p, miR-4481, and miR-181d were significantlydownregulated in the GC-ascites samples compared to the LC-ascites samples, and miR-181b-5p showed the best diagnostic performance for GC-ascites (area under the curve[AUC]=0.798 and 0.846 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). The diagnosticperformance of CEA for GC-ascites was improved by the combined analysis of miR-181b-5pand CEA (AUC=0.981 and 0.946 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). Conclusions: We identified exosomal miRNAs capable of distinguishing between non-malignant and GC-ascites, showing that the combined use of miR-181b-5p and CEA couldimprove diagnosis.
P148 : A clinical study of skin diseases on vulvar
( Hye Rim Ko ),( So Min Kim ),( Chae Young Won ),( Hyung Jin Hahn ),( Young Bok Lee ),( Jin Wou Kim ),( Dong Soo Yu ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2
Background: Vulvar diseases are not rare in dermatology, however the clinical investigations of the vulvar lesions are insufficient. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological aspects of the vulvar diseases, and to highlight the clinical features of dermatoses of the vulvar with the brief review of the common vulvar diseases. Methods: The retrospective clinical study was performed by reviewing charts, pathologic slide, and clinical photographs of 37 patients who had received skin biopsy for vulvar lesions at Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital between February 2009 and September 2013. Results: The mean age was 47.3 years. The most frequent vulvar diseases were epidermal cyst, lichen sclerosus, lichen simplex chronicus, herpes simplex infection and condyloma accuminatum in the decreasing order of frequency. Except for the 11 asymptomatic patients, the rest of the patients complained of various symptoms such as a pain, prickling sensation, tenderness and pruritus. Of the 37 cases, 14 had patches or plaques, 11 had papules or nodules, 6 had erosions or ulcers and 6 had vulvar mass. Conclusion: We retrospectively studied 37 cases of vulvar diseases. The results of this study are similar to previousreports on the clinical features of vulvar diseases. This study suggests that various conditions can affect the vulvar. Further investigation with a larger group of patients is necessary to better understand the epidemiology of vulvar diseases.