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( Arjun Bhatnager ),( Vishal Chopra ),( Neeraj Kumar Gupta ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.0
Introduction Incidence of drug resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) is rising in India. Management of DRTB is challenging and hence requires constant research and development in order to device better treatment options. Aims and Objectives: To study the genetic pattern of isoniazid resistance and to assess the treatment outcome of standardized DRTB regimens in these patients. Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational study in which 100 isoniazid resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled. Patients were categorized as inhA or katG based on line probe assay from November 2016 to November 2017, started on respective standardized DRTB regimens and their treatment outcomes were assessed. Results Of total 68% were monoisoniazid resistant, 30% were multidrug resistant and 2% were pre-extensively drug resistant TB. Majority of isoniazid resistant cases had katG type of isoniazid resistance (74%) followed by inhA type (24%). Treatment outcome was more favorable with monoisoniazid resistant TB (65%) than MDR and XDR (53.8% and 50% respectively) on standardized treatment according to RNTCP-PMDT guidelines (high dose isoniazid added to Background regimen in inhA isoniazid resistant cases).Favourable treatment outcome was almost similar in both inhA and katG groups (68% and 62%). katG mutation was not found to have association with poorer clinical presentation or treatment outcome of the disease. Conclusion This study reveals that categorization of the DR-TB patients on the basis of genetic type of isoniazid resistance has no significance in terms of disease severity or treatment outcome while receiving treatment according to current standard guidelines.
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( Arjun Khanna ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in mechanically ventilated patients globally. The aim of this study was to fi nd out the incidence of VAP at our institution, to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of microorganisms isolated and to assess clinical outcome in VAP. Methods: A total of 107 patients who were not having pneumonia at presentation and who were mechanically ventilated for more than 48 hours for various indications were included in the study. APACHE II score of fi rst day was recorded. The diagnosis of VAP was established using clinical pulmonary infection score of more than 6. Gram staining and culture sensitivity using Kirby -Bauer disc diffusion method was performed on all endotracheal aspirates and antibiotic therapy modifi ed accordingly. The results were analysed to determine the incidence and clinical outcome in VAP. Results: 30 out of 107 patients (28.03%) developed VAP.25 patients developed late onset VAP while 5 developed early onset VAP. Most common isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 isolates) followed by MRSA (8isolates), Klebsiella pnueumoniae( 7 isolates) and Acinetobacter baumanii(6 isolates). Klebsiella pnueumoniae and Acinetobacter baumanii were found to be most lethal. Most isolates of Klebsiella were extended spectrum Beta Lactamase producing and all Acinetobacter were carbapenem resistant. Mortality in VAP was 46.67% and correlated well with a higher mean APACHE II score of 18.3 as compared to a mortality of 28.57 in non VAP group with a low mean APACHE II score of 13.1. Conclusion: The development of VAP was associated with increased morbidity and mortality and a higher mean APACHE II score at admission. The incidence of multidrug resistant pathogens is rising and therefore it is important to identify them as this information will help in the selection of an appropriate antibiotic regimen and decrease the treatment costs and improve outcome.
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( Arjun Khanna ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Poisonous snake bites are a common, life threatening emergency in tropical Asian countries like India. The aim was to treat patients with neuroparalytic snake bite using polyvalent Anti snake venom(ASV) along with ventilatory support and to assess outcome with respect to hospital survival, duration of mechanical ventilation, amount of ASV given and complications if any, associated with mechanical ventilation or ASV. Methods: The study included 58 patients with severe neurotoxic snake bite who required mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure. They were administered 200 ml of polyvalent ASV. Outcome measures studied included hospital survival, duration of mechanical ventilation, amount of ASV given and complications associated with mechanical ventilation or ASV administration. Result: All patients were administered an initial bolus dose of 200 ml ASV, followed by repeated doses of 100 ml ASV every six hours until the patient showed signs of neurological recovery. Mean total dose of ASV administered was 412 ml. All patients were initially ventilated using Assist control(A/C) mode of ventilation. Mean duration of ventilation on A/C mode was 30.89 hours. 56 patients were weaned off successfully using pressure support mode. Mean duration of weaning was 7 hours. 4 patients developed Ventilator associated pneumonia 2 patients expired, one due to ventilator associated pneumonia and the other due to septicaemia. 56 patients who survived did not have any residual neurological defi cit clinically. Conclusion: We conclude that in the management of neurotoxic snake bite, administration of a high initial bolus dose of 200 ml ASV and repeated doses of 100 ml ASV every six hours until signs of neurological recovery, supported by Assist control mode of ventilation resulted in an early recovery, a reduced total dose of ASV consumed, reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation, reduced the incidence of complications and thus, was much more cost effective.
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Arjun Singh,Darshan Lal 한국탄소학회 2009 Carbon Letters Vol.10 No.3
Activated carbon spheres (ACS) were prepared at different heating rates by carbonization of the resole-type phenolic beads (PB) at 950℃ in N2 atmosphere followed by activation of the resultant char at different temperatures for 5 h in CO2 atmosphere. Influence of heating rate on porosity and temperature on carbon structure and porosity of ACS were investigated. Effect of heating rate and temperature on porosity of ACS was also studied from adsorption isotherms of nitrogen at 77 K using BET method. The results revealed that ACS have exhibited a BET surface area and pore volume greater than 2260 m2/g and 1.63 cm3/g respectively. The structural characteristics variation of ACS with different temperature was studied using Raman spectroscopy. The results exhibited that amount of disorganized carbon affects both the pore structure and adsorption properties of ACS. ACS were also evaluated for structural information using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. ACS were evaluated for chemical composition using CHNS analysis. The ACS prepared different temperatures became more carbonaceous material compared to carbonized material. ACS have possessed well-developed pores structure which were verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs also exhibited that ACS have possessed well-developed micro- and meso-pores structure and the pore size of ACS increased with increasing activation temperature.
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Certain summation formulas due to Ramanujan and their generalizations
Arjun K. Rathie,Shaloo Malani,Rachana Mathur,최준상 대한수학회 2005 대한수학회보 Vol.42 No.3
The authors aim at deriving four generalized summationformulas, which, upon specializing their parameters, give manysummation identities including, especially, the four veryinteresting summation formulas due to Ramanujan. The results arederived with the help of generalized Dixon's theorem obtained earlier by Lavoie, Grondin, Rathie, and Arora.
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Generalization of Whipple's theorem for double series
Arjun K. Rathie,Vimal K. Gaur,Yong Sup Kim,Chan Bong Park 호남수학회 2004 호남수학학술지 Vol.26 No.1
In 1965, Bhatt and Pandey have obtained an analogue of the Whipple's theorem for double series by using Watson's theo- rem on the sum of a 3F2. The aim of this paper is to derive twenty 칥e results for double series closely related to the analogue of the Whipple's theorem for double series obtained by Bhatt and Pandey. The results are derived with the help of twenty 칥e summation for- mulas closely related to the Watson's theorem on the sum of a 3F2 obtained recently by Lavoie, Grondin, and Rathie.
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Arjun Adhikari,이고은,Muhammad Aaqil Khan,강상모,Bishnu Adhikari,Muhammad Imran,JANRAHMATULLAH,김경민,이인중 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.1
Silicon and phosphorus are elements that are beneficial for plant growth. Despite the abundant availability of silicate and phosphate in the Earth’s crust, crop nutritional requirements for silicon and phosphorus are normally met through the application of fertilizer. However, fertilizers are one of the major causes of heavy metal pollution. In our study, we aimed to assess silicate and phosphate solubilization by the bacteria Enterobacter ludwigii GAK2, in the presence and absence of phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] or silicate (Mg2O8Si3), to counteract cadmium stress in rice (Oryza sativa L). Our results showed that the GAK2-treated rice plants, grown in soil amended with phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] or silicate (Mg2O8Si3), had significantly reduced cadmium content, and enhanced plant growth promoting characteristics including fresh shoot and root weight, plant height, and chlorophyll content. These plants showed significant downregulation of the cadmium transporter gene, OsHMA2, and upregulation of the silicon carrier gene, OsLsi1. Moreover, jasmonic acid levels were significantly reduced in the GAK2-inoculated plants, and this was further supported by the downregulation of the jasmonic acid related gene, OsJAZ1. These results indicate that Enterobacter ludwigii GAK2 can be used as a silicon and phosphorus bio-fertilizer, which solubilizes insoluble silicate and phosphate, and mitigates heavy metal toxicity in crops.
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A case report of an accessory flexor digitorum profundus indicis contributing the first lumbrical
Arjun Malhotra,Randy Kulesza 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.3
Variations of the musculature within the upper extremity have been widely documented, with clinical implications ranging from motor dysfunction to compressive neuropathies. Herein, we described an aberrant muscle that originated from the anterior proximal forearm, formed a tendon that coursed through the carpal tunnel, and converged with the flexor digitorum profundus muscle to contribute to the first lumbrical. Additionally, the second lumbrical consisted of two heads, originating from the index and middle finger tendons of flexor digitorum profundus. Documentation and recognition of such anatomic variants is important, as this anatomic pattern may contribute to anterior interosseous or median nerve compression, incoordination, complications during surgery, and other clinical manifestations.
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