고속 블록 터보 코드 복호 알고리즘 및 하드웨어 구조 설계

유경철,김재석,신형식,정윤호,김근희 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.41 No.07

In this paper, we propose a high speed block turbo code decoding algorithm and an efficient hardware architecture. The multimedia wireless data communication systems need channel codes which have the high-performance error correcting capabilities. Block turbo codes support variable code rates and packet sizes, and show a high performance due to a soft decision iteration decoding of turbo codes. However, block turbo codes have a long decoding time because of the iteration decoding and a complicated extrinsic information operation. The proposed algorithm using the threshold that represents a channel information reduces the long decoding time. After the threshold is decided by a simulation result, the proposed algorithm eliminates the calculation for the bits which have a good channel information and assigns a high reliability value to the bits. The threshold is decided by the absolute mean and the standard deviation of a LLR(Log Likelihood Ratio) in consideration that the LLR distribution is a gaussian one. Also, the proposed algorithm assigns '1', the highest reliable value, to those bits. The hardware design result using verilog HDL reduces a decoding time about 30% in comparison with conventional algorithm, and includes about 20K logic gate and 32Kbit memory sizes. 본 논문에서는 고속 블록 터보 코드 복호 알고리즘을 제안하고 이를 하드웨어로 검증하였다. 멀티미디어 무선 데이터 통신 시스템은 높은 에러 정정 능력을 가진 채널 부호 방식을 요구한다. 블록 터보 코드는 블록 코드의 특성으로 인하여 다양한 코드율과 패킷 사이즈를 지원할 수 있으며, 터보 코드의 연판정 반복 기법으로 높은 성능을 보인다. 하지만, 반복 기법과 외부정보 연산의 복잡한 구조로 때문에 복호 시간이 긴 단점을 갖고 있다. 이러한 긴 복호 시간의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 제안된 복호 알고리즘은 외부정보 연산단계에서 이를 해결하였다. 외부정보 연산을 할 때 채널 정보를 이용하여 채널 정보 상태에 대한 임계치를 정한 후, 채널 정보가 좋은 비트에 대해서 외부 정보 연산 과정을 생략하는 대신 높은 신뢰도의 값을 할당함으로써 외부정보 연산이 감소되는 고속 복호기를 구현하였다. 채널 상태를 나타내는 임계치를 복호기의 입력인 신뢰도(Log Likelihood Ratio, LLR)가 가우시안 분포를 이루게 된다는 점에 착안하여 평균과 표준편차의 선형 조합으로써 결정하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 Verilog-HDL을 이용하여 설계한 결과 기존 블록 터보 코드 복호 알고리즘에 비하여 약 30%의 외부정보 연산량과 복호시간이 감소 되었고, 약 20K logic gate와 32Kbit의 메모리를 포함하였다.

‘신주류영화(新主流電影)’, 국가의 요청에 부응하는 중국 영화의 새 지향

유경철 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2022 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.75

With the growth of the Chinese film industry, the Chinese film authorities have been expecting the birth of an ideal film model to represent Chinese cinema. To that end, Chinese film scholars have proposed a 'New Chinese Mainstream Film' model. For a film to be the 'New Chinese Mainstream Film', it needs to satisfy two conditions; the transmission of core socialist values and the achievement of commercial success. 'Operation Mekong' (2016) became a successful case in point of 'New Chinese Mainstream Film,' followed by 'The Wolf Warrior 2' (2017) and 'Operation Red Sea' (2018). The three 'New Chinese Mainstream Films' were successful because they highlighted China's new status and roles as a great power. In fact, 'New Chinese Mainstream Film' has been required to emphasize the status and the role of 'China' in addition to satisfying the two conditions of transmitting core socialist values and achieving commercial success. 'New Chinese Mainstream Films' not only had supported the Chinese film industry but also had played an important role in bringing Chinese people together during the extraordinary era from 2019 to 2021. Films such as 'My People My Country', 'The Captain', 'My People My Homeland', 'The Sacrifice,' and 'The Battle at Lake Changjin' have saved the Chinese film industry amidst the Covid-19 pandemic and inspired Chinese audiences to feel patriotism and national pride. However, despite the success of 'New Chinese Mainstream Films', it is dubious if such films have long-term sustainability since they seem to expose various problems in the narratives, characters, and representation of reality. If the issues are not resolved, there is a high chance that Chinese audiences will turn away from the films in the model.

「메콩강 작전(湄公河行動)」의 성공과 ‘신주류영화(新主流電影)’에 대한 두 가지 기대

유경철 한국중국현대문학학회 2022 中國現代文學 Vol.- No.101

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‘운명’과 이에 대면한 위화의 인물들 ― 위화(余華) 소설의 변화 과정에 관한 일 고찰

유경철 한국중국현대문학학회 2008 中國現代文學 Vol.0 No.46

Yu Hua(余華) is one of the most famous writers in Contemporary China. Since 1987, he has written a number of distinguished novels. His early works written in 1980s are puzzling, fuzzy and unreal, and so are called as the avant-garde novel(先鋒小說). Unlike the early works, Yu Hua’s novels written in 1990s contains mostly real and touching stories. This change in Yu Hua’s works through different time periods has been discussed in this paper. As one of the key words in his novel, “the Destiny” has been analyzed. In Yu Hua’s works, most of the characters are thrown into miserable and unhappy situations, and some of them even face death. These infelicities are often conceived as “the Destiny” in many Asian countries including China, and Yu Hua, in his early works in 1980s, seems to share the same view about the concept of “the Destiny.” In Yu Hua's early novels, most characters are weak, flabby, self-defeated in their fatal struggles. However, in his later works in 1990s, Yu Hua demonstrates some level of change in his perception of “the Destiny” through his characters. Specifically, Fugui(福貴) and Xu Sanguan(許三觀), characters shown in his works in the 90’s, start to overcome their struggles and begin to cope with their destinies by acquiring the power for their survivals. This change observed in the character seems plausible in that the writer’s view toward life might have transformed into a more active and positive direction from the previous passive and negative one. This transition, however, appears that it has not been accompanied with his writing maturity and deep insight toward the life because the two main characters in “Brotherhood,” one of his recent works, has brought many readers and critics much disappointment.

한국 중국현대문학사 서술의 일보 전진 ― 홍석표, 『중국현대문학사』(이화여자대학교 출판부, 2009)

유경철 한국중국현대문학학회 2009 中國現代文學 Vol.0 No.51

“中華主義”, 韓國의 中國 想像

劉京哲 한국중국어문학회 2005 中國文學 Vol.44 No.-

在韓國, '中華主義'這個槪念是在描述或解釋中國的各種情況上最容易又最廣泛給使用而接受的。 這時, '中華主義'露出韓國人心理上對中國的岐視和仇視, 而且'中華主義'這個槪念的反復使用再産生對中國的韓國人的偏見和誤解, '中華主義'說法已經變成了在韓國的中國理解和硏究上的一種障碍。 所以要突破, 克服'中華主義'說法的努力不但在追求兩國互相理解和發展上, 而且在韓國人超越自國中心的狹隘觀念上再不能忽視的。 韓國的'中華主義'說法是跟美國爲主的西方國家的'中國威脅論'一脈相通, 依靠這種說法, 中國在經濟上的快速發展和世界政治上的影響力擴大局面是讓他們國家提出這種說法的主要的原因。 '中華主義'和'中國威脅論'是從在全球化的國民國家休制上不可避免的各國之間的利益沖突和對峙局面上被造成的一種'中國想象'或者對中國的岐視。 而且這種說法和各國內部的'愛國主義'結合起來更加强化其說服力。 在韓國, '中華主義'說法是好像從歷來中國侵略韓國的歷史記憶上制造出來的。 看起來, 韓國人按照這種歷史記憶一直以爲中國是一個韓國的敵對國家, 中國還保有侵略的因素。 可是仔細觀看歷史上的經過, 我們會發現把中國看成一個敵對國家歷史上沒有那麽深遠的。 古代韓國, 比如朝鮮, 總是要跟中國維持友好關系, 當時人仇視的不是中國(漢族王朝), 而是中國歷史上的異族國家。 他們從華夷論的觀点上, 自己要認同漢族國家和其文化, 進而把其他異族看成野蠻人。 '中華主義'這種想象從把異族的野蠻和侵略的形象轉成中國的代表表象才開始的, 而且這種新的中國想象的出現是和韓國戰爭以后韓國的政治情況和國家意識形態上的定位有密切的關系。

武俠 장르와 紅色經典 ― 양자에 관련된 ‘시간’과 ‘시간성’을 중심으로

유경철 한국중국현대문학학회 2005 中國現代文學 Vol.0 No.34

This paper is aim at inquring similarities and differences between genres of Wuxia(id the knight-errant novels and movies) and the Red Canons. The Red Canons are novels, movies, drama, and operas which tell the stories about the Chinese civil war, the anti-Japanese war and the Korean War and so on, they had been usually published, produced in 1949~1976. There are many similarities between genres of Wuxia and the Red Canons. The both have stories about wars and duals performed by Xiake(俠客) or Heros of revolution and war, who are the main characters in each, and have made their readers and audiences recall, strength their national identities. But there are also differences between two of both, which are found in each dealing ways about time. Genres of Wuxia arose in experiences of modern times, they are looser's and failure's, so they inevitably have contained circular time form which headed toward past China glorious. Dissimilarly the Red Canons arose in triumphal experiences, that is the foundation of PRC, eventually pursued coming of Community society, so they have linear and developing time as their important moments.

고속 블록 터보 코드 복호 알고리즘 및 하드웨어 구조 설계

유경철,신형식,정윤호,김근회,김재석 대한전자공학회 2004 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.41 No.7

본 논문에서는 고속 블록 터보 코드 복호 알고리즘을 제안하고 이를 하드웨어로 검증하였다. 멀티미디어 무선 데이터 통신시스템은 높은 에러 정정 능력을 가진 채널 부호 방식을 요구한다. 블록 터보 코드는 블록 코드의 특성으로 인하여 다양한 코드율과 패킷 사이즈를 지원할 수 있으며, 터보 코드의 연판정 반복 기법으로 높은 성능을 보인다 하지만, 반복 기법과 외부정보 연산의 복잡한 구조로 때문에 복호 시간이 긴 단점을 갖고 있다. 이러한 긴 복호 시간의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 제안된 복호 알고리즘은 외부정보 연산단계에서 이를 해결하였다. 외부정보 연산을 할 때 채널 정보를 이용하여 채널 정보 상태에 대한 임계치를 정한 후, 채널 정보가 좋은 비트에 대해서 외부 정보 연산 과정을 생략하는 대신 높은 신뢰도의 값을 할당함으로써 외부정보 연산이 감소되는 고속 복호기를 구현하였다. 채널 상태를 나타내는 임계치를 복호기의 입력인 신뢰도(Log Likelihood Ratio, LLR)가 가우시안 분포를 이루게 된다는 점에 착안하여 평균과 표준편차의 선형 조합으로써 결정하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 Verilog-HDL을 이용하여 설계한 결과 기존 블록 터보 코드 복호 알고리즘에 비하여 약 30%의 외부정보 연산량과 복호시간이 감소되었고, 약 20K logic gate와 32Kbit의 메모리를 포함하였다. In this paper, we propose a high speed block turbo code decoding algorithm and an efficient hardware architecture. The multimedia wireless data communication systems need channel codes which have the high-performance error correcting capabilities. Block turbo codes support variable code rates and packet sizes, and show a high performance due to a soft decision iteration decoding of turbo codes. However, block turbo codes have a long decoding time because of the iteration decoding and a complicated extrinsic information operation. The proposed algorithm using the threshold that represents a channel information reduces the long decoding time. After the threshold is decided by a simulation result, the proposed algorithm eliminates the calculation for the bits which have a good channel information and assigns a high reliability value to the bits. The threshold is decided by the absolute mean and the standard deviation of a LLR(Log Likelihood Ratio) in consideration that the LLR distribution is a gaussian one. Also, the proposed algorithm assigns '1', the highest reliable value, to those bits. The hardware design result using verilog HDL reduces a decoding time about 30% in comparison with conventional algorithm, and includes about 20K logic gate and 32Kbit memory sizes.

무협소설의 `협객`과 『탄샹싱(檀香刑)』의 `협객`이 구성하는 역사 - 「쟁점」에 대한 토론, 그리고 무협소설과 역사소설에 관한 논의

유경철 한국중국어문학회 2005 中國文學 Vol.45 No.-

武俠小說與歷史小說本來是異種的文學類型. 但是, 大多數武俠小說從歷史上的人物和事件上取材, 歷史小說還失去其古典的意義而漸漸將其範疇擴大起來以後, 這兩種小說的差別是似乎越來越?糊, 其關係越來越複雜的. 這篇文章作爲一種探索, 要判別出武俠小說與歷史小說的差異而再定立其兩種小說的關係. 這次探索是通過究明武俠小說上的俠與歷史小說上的俠之間的差異性進行的. 在莫言的 『檀香刑』上, 我們能看得出一個歷史小說造成的典型的俠客. 從筆者的觀點上, 武俠小說的俠是從在中國存在的關于俠的種種觀念上造成的, 而且本身也是一種俠的觀念, 可是武俠小說的俠是在中國社會上發揮了莫大的影響力, 因爲?依據其特有的想像力建構了想像的中國和想像的歷史. 歷史小說的俠則大都是從在民間上存在的眞實人物上造成的虛構人物, 他們只是具有些俠氣俠骨和些武打能力而耳, 可是他們就具有這種因素, 所以我們能?叫他們俠客. 『檀香刑』的主要人物孫丙是這種俠客之一. 他是個虛構人物, 可是他憑着其眞實性起了顯示出在過去中國歷史上隱藏的眞實的作用. 再說, 武俠小說上的俠是造成想像的歷史和想像的中國, 歷史小說上的俠則究明一些歷史的眞實而給讀者提供些反省歷史的機會.

論文(논문) : ≪정무문(精武門)≫ 관련 영화와 동아시아의 국가 관계

유경철 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2013 中國學論叢 Vol.40 No.-

Bruce Lee `s “Fist of Fury” is one of the bar settlers in martial arts movie history. The movie has been truly meaningful not only to Chinese speaking people but also to the East Asians including Koreans. In the current study, through the analysis of “Fist of Fury,” and “Fist of Fury” similar movies including its sequels, imitations and remakes, how those movies mirror the nature of relationships among the three East Asian countries (China, Korea, and Japan) has been discussed.“Fist of Fury” was filmed when Taiwanese and Hong Kongers had anti-Japanese sentiment due to Senkaku/Diaoyu island dispute. Because the movie was filmed vividly portraying the anti-Japanese sentiment throughout the entire story, Bruce Lee starred in the movie became a national hero. The current study indicates that because the legendary movie successfully read and reflected the contemporary film viewers ` sentiments in East Asia, it could be such an influential work. The study further illustrates that since the “Fist of Fury” similar movies understood the importance of contemporary viewers ` state, films attempted to echo different contemporary viewers reflecting the nature of relationships of the East Asian countries.