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홍성훈,구자원,황진경,황유철,정인경,안규정,정호연,김덕윤 대한골대사학회 2013 대한골대사학회지 Vol.20 No.1
Background: Bisphosphonate is used in osteoporosis treatment to repress osteoclast activity, which then decreases levels of osteocalcin (OC). OC, a protein secreted by osteo-blasts and released from the bone matrix during osteoclastic bone resorption, has been found to control blood glucose levels by increasing insulin production and sensitivity. The question addressed in this study is whether decreasing OC through bisphosphonate treatment will provoke a change in glucose homeostasis. Methods: Eighty-four patients with osteoporosis were treated with once-weekly risedronate 35 mg and cholecalciferol 5,600 IU. We measured fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, and undercarboxylated (Glu) and carboxylated (Gla) OC levels at baseline and after 16 weeks. To estimate insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function (B)%, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-IR and HOMA-B% were also calculated, respectively. Results: The mean FPG level in total sub -jects increased significantly from 5.3 to 5.5 mmol/L, but no changes in blood glucose were noted in the 24 subjects with impaired fasting glucose. Glu and Gla OC levels de-clined significantly after treatment. No correlations were observed between changes in OC and changes in glucose, however. Conclusions: Bisphosphonate treatment for os-teoporosis reduced OC, but this change was not associated with changes in glucose me-tabolism.
Vowel harmony in Korean ideophones: Multiple harmonic features and multi-way alternations
홍성훈 한국음운론학회 2011 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.17 No.2
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of ideophonic vowel harmony occurring in Korean. After we examine the known, "regular" patterns of the harmony, I propose a complex of height features [+high, -low] as the harmonic features. I then provide an analysis of the harmony patterns couched within Optimality Theory, on the assumption that the harmonic features are morphemic and thus represented as floating features in inputs. This paper then goes on to discuss the actually attested harmony patterns by examining the list of ideophones compiled by the National Institute of the Korean Language (2000). It is shown that ideophones are not just subject to the regular two-way alternations, but also to three- and four-way alternations. A close examination reveals that these seemingly complicated multi-way alternations are not randomly determined, but are combinations of the already existing two-way alternations. Based on this observation, I provide a preliminary analysis of multi-way alternations by formally treating them as the results of mapping an output to another output form.