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팽영일 ( Yeong Il Paeng ) 한국교육사학회 2010 한국교육사학 Vol.32 No.2
This study focused on the education policies of Sidehara(幣原坦) and Mitsuchi(三土忠造), who were the consultant in Korean educational affairs during the period between 1905 and 1910. Also, we examined their so-called exemplary education and the context of Japanese text books in Korean elementary schools. During his serving of consultant in Korean educational affairs, Sidehara made 「the Plan for improvement of Korean education」. This was intended for educational reforms which could further provide the basis of colonial education. The textbook actually aimed for the betterment of elementary and vocational schools and expanse of the Japanese language. After Sidehara, Mitsuchi took office and put effort in the field of curriculum organization and the making of textbooks, so as to practice exemplary education. While Sidehara focused on the civilization and practicality in Japanese education, Mitsuchi emphasized Japanese education on the purpose of the assimilation of Korean people. In the context of 『Japanese text books』 in Korean elementary schools, which was mostly written by Mitsuchi, his views on education are well reflected. In detail, the context of the textbook contained the underdevelopment of the Korean people and many negative views on traditional Korean culture. According to this book, we can evaluate that the purpose of his educational policy was to assimilate Koreans as Japanese by education.
팽영일 ( Yeong-il Paeng ) 한국교육철학회 2016 교육철학 Vol.59 No.-
This study investigates two novels, 『Utopia』 by Thomas More and 『Walden Two』 by B. F. Skinner, which are classified as education novels among books regarding future education of utopia. Common points of utopian future education was sought by studying the education in utopian societies shown in these books. The education in future societies illustrated in these books also indicates that the those depicted in the books is not just a mere imaginary world. The common forms of future education in these utopian worlds are as follows. First, the books demonstrate that education is not only very important for improving an unequal society and making an equal and happy society, but also tells us that we, too can make a change in an unequal society by education. Second, education in the future society must put acquisition of self control and social virtues first. Third, education of future societies must be started early with active interest and support. Children should be able to participate in the education and experience nature and neighbor friendly education. Education should be carried out according to individual talent. Fourth, it is predicted that the future society will be a society of lifelong education. In future lifelong educational societies, the importance of educating people to have the ability to selfstudy is indicated in the books.
라트케(Ratke, W.)와 코메니우스(Comenius, J.A)의 교수학(Didactica)의 특징
팽영일,Paeng. Yeong-Il 한국교육철학회 2014 교육철학 Vol.54 No.-
This study compares the book "Didactica magna" , written by J. A. Comenius who is evaluated as the best scholar of teaching and theorist of modern didactics, with “Didactica oder Lehrkunst” of W. Ratke’. By comparing the two I investigated the didactic characteristics of the 17th century. According to this study, the didactics of W. Ratke and J. A. Comenius is a systematical school education theory for the general people focusing on the systematic management of educational content and teaching material, didactics-learning skills, and school-class-teacher-student. The common areas between the didactics of W. Ratke and J. A. Comenius according to this study is as follows: First, their didactics discussed a new teaching method which had to be introduced. in the prospective of a teacher. Second, they searched for an unforced, certain, fast, and easy way of teaching. Third, they rejected the didactics which focus on memorizing, while insisting on the composition of teaching contents and material according to the age and comprehension ability of the children. Fourth, they emphasized the constant repetition of study. Fifth, they put emphasis in the unity of teaching content and material. Lastly, the discussed teaching-learning and discipline separately.
수호믈린스키(В. А. Сухомлинский)의 노동교육론
팽영일(Yeong-il Paeng) 한국비교교육학회 2003 比較敎育硏究 Vol.13 No.2
본 연구는 크루프스카야, 마카렌코 등 러시아의 걸출한 교육사상가의 충실한 제자이었고, 이들의 교육사상을 역사적인 새로운 조건에 맞게 창조적으로 발전시켰던 수호믈린스키(Василий Александрович Сухомлинский)의 아동관과 노동교육론을 탐구해 보고자 한다. 수호믈린스키는 러시아 교육사상의 영원한 보배요, 아동들의 전면적인 발달을 통한 공산주의적인 인격을 교육하기 위한 사업에 봉사하였던 사랑으로 평가받고 있다. 그는 교육사상가라기 보다는 교육실천가로서 교육현장에 들어 가 아동들과 함께 생활하면서 매일 매일의 교육실천 속에서 보다 좋은 교육의 존재 방식을 탐구하였던 사람이었다. 수호믈린스키는 마카렌코(Makarenko) 교육이론의 충실한 계승자로서 아동에 관한 존중과 신뢰를 토대로 하고 있었다. 그의 노동교육론은 노동을 통한 전면적인 발달을 목표로 한 것으로서 지적, 신체적, 심미적, 도덕적인 교육의 통합으로서의 교육론이었다. 그의 노동교육론은 노동에 대한 심리적인 태도를 형성하고 지적, 실천적, 도의적인 준비를 하는 것에 있었다. 그는 노동교육의 방법으로서 모범을 통한 교육, 연습을 통한 교육, 공동의 과제를 수행하는 방법, 경쟁을 통한 방법 등을 제시하고 있으며, 이 모든 것들이 아동의 재능과 능력에 적합한 것이어야 한다고 하였다. 그의 이러한 노동교육론은 교육의 제도와 방법에 지나치게 치중해 온 우리들에게 교육의 본연의 모습을 가르쳐 주고 있으며, 오늘날 우리의 교육이 안고 있는 과제인 교육과 실생활과의 유리를 어떻게 극복해 나가야 할 것인가를 제시해 주고 있다. Suhomlinsky is a successor of Makarenko's educational theory. He said that education is to affect children's mental, so the first rule of educational activity is to understand children's mental. He said that secret of educational methods is to recognize children's latent faculties and a good point and to concern dignity of children. His respect of children is to understand and trust children. He said that trust and assurance to teacher and student in educational activity is to love each other. It is possible to sure about success. He is a practicer to try improve children's all-round character development. Suhomlinsky's labor education theory is purpose to development through labor and his educational theory is unity of education through physical, mental, appreciation of beautiful and morality. He said that development of mental and morality depend on to find something through labor. Therefore he said that educational activity must to have knowledge and enjoy to create material and mental value. His educational theory through labor is to make children's all-round character development through labor and to prepare morality and mental ability.
팽영일(Paeng, Yeong-il) 한국비교교육학회 2010 比較敎育硏究 Vol.20 No.4
본 연구는 그 동안 우리나라에서 진행된 심리학 분야의 창의성 연구들에서 나타나고 있는 창의성에 관한 개념이 어떻게 전개되어 왔는가를 탐색해 봄으로써 창의성의 개념적 특성을 탐구해 보고 이를 토대로 창의성의 개념을 정립하는데 있어서 고려해야 할 사항들을 제시해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 창의성 연구의 진행 과정에 따라 창의적인 특성과 과정 또는 산출과 다원적인 입장에서의 창의성의 개념을 탐색해 보고, 창의성의 개념 정립을 위해서 고려해야 할 사항들을 제시해 보고자 하였다. 물론 창의성의 개념적인 기준을 명확하게 제시한다는 것은 창의성의 개념적 특성이나 역사적 사용성 등을 고려할 때 매우 어려운 일일 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재 우리가 사용하고 있는 창의성의 개념이 매우 혼란되고 있음을 고려할 때 개념적 기준으로서 어떤 사항들을 고려해야 할 것인가를 탐구하는 일도 나름대로의 의의를 지닐 수 있을 것이다. 이것은 곧 창의성의 개념에 대한 명확한 인식이 없이 진행되는 창의성 교육은 교육 실천 현장에 실질적인 도움이 될 수 없을 것이기 때문이다. This paper reviews the trend of research on the criteria of the concept of creativity in the educational field and attempts to figure out the concept of creativity. Research on creativity has progressed from the one focusing on its characteristics and creative process to the one centered on creative products and plural approaches. Based on such previous studies, this study suggests the necessity of an integrating approach to creativity. To establish the concept of creativity, it examines the approach centered on the characteristics of creative people, the one according to the lower level of creativity, and the historical one taking the environmental context of creativity into consideration. And it suggests factors to consider in establishing the concept of creativity.
팽영일(Paeng Yeong-il) 한국교육사상학회 (구 한국교육사상연구회) 2011 교육사상연구 Vol.25 No.3
This study is to investigate how the concept of creativity has changed during the years by reviewing the studies of creativity in the fields of psychology (especially educational psychology), and to discuss the reality of creativity education and its future tasks in the aspect of creativity and the concept of creativity education. To achieve this I proposed the considerations regarding creativity education focused on 「The primary plan for creativity and personality education」 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The results of this study shows that when defining the concept of creativity, this task is more than establishing its universal attributes because the definition of creativity can differ according to the historical and social situation or in a subordinate level or field. Therefore, in order to solve this problem we have to establish the concept of creativity education. According to this study, when focusing on determining the concept of creativity as a standard in creativity education, we have to consider these aspects as follows : First, the standard of creativity should be established on the basis of intrinsic value, based on the thought that creativity enhances inner potential. Second, by considering the relationship among the factors which consist creativity, we should deliberate the priority of these factors as selection criteria in education. Third, creativity education puts more emphasis in the process, not the results. Therefore, creativity education should be done in various levels and forms and our assessment as something being “creative” is also a product of time and environment.
B. F. Skinner의 <월든 투>에 나타난 미래교육론
팽영일(Paeng, Yeong-il),장옥순(Chang, Ok-seon) 한국비교교육학회 2009 比較敎育硏究 Vol.19 No.4
본 연구는 스키너의 작품 <월든 투>에 나타난 사회 조직의 원리와 교육의 구조를 분석하여 그가 그린 미래 사회에서의 교육의 모습을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이것은 곧 이를 통해 장차 우리 교육이 변화되어 갈 방향에 대한 풍부한 상상력을 제공받음과 함께 현재 우리 교육이 안고 있는 과제를 모색해 볼 수 있는 시사점을 탐구해보고자 하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구의 결과 스키너가 그린 미래 사회에서의 교육론은 사회적인 불평등을 개선하여 보다 평등하고 행복한 사회를 만들어 가는데 있어서 무엇보다도 중요한 것은 교육이며, 교육을 통해 현실을 변화시켜 나가야 한다는 점을 강조하고 있다. 스키너는 미래 사회에서의 교육은 일찍부터 사회적인 미덕을 형성하는 영∙유아교육과 학교교육을 기초로 하여 학습기술을 익히고 사회적인 노동시간의 단축을 통해 생활 속에서 이루어지는 자발적인 학습을 중시하는 평생교육의 이념을 잘 보여주고 있다. This study analyzes the principles of social organization and the structure of education in B, F, Skinner's Walden Two to take a look at future education pictured in the book. Skinner's view of future education provides us with tasks our education is confronted with and directions in which our future education should change. The results of this study is as follows. First, the book suggests some points we have to think about regarding what kind of efforts we need to make in educating our children who are most precious resources for the future of our society. Second, the sexually equal education presented in the community of Walden Two suggests the way in which it can be practiced from early childhood. Third, the book suggests the importance of the education of human relationship. Fourth, emphasis in the book on the necessity of continuing education and the acquisition of learning skills in future society suggests an important point to our education. Finally, the question whether human actions and relations could be newly cast by various skills of behavioral engineering is still an unresolved, utopian one.
팽영일(Paeng, Yeong-Il) 한국비교교육학회 2008 比較敎育硏究 Vol.18 No.4
이 연구는 러시아의 교육실천가로서 탁월한 업적을 남겨 사회주의 노동 영웅, 우크라이나공화국 공로교사로 표창을 받았고, 레닌 훈장과 마카렌코 훈장을 비롯한 여러 훈장을 수여받았으며, 교육과학 아카데미의 준회원으로 선정된 인물인 와실리 알렉산드로비치 수호믈린스키(ВасилийАлександрович Сухомлинский)의 저작에 나타난 학교교육에 관한 논의를 학교교육의 문제점과 개선 방향으로 나누어 살펴 본 후 이를 통해 우리 교육이 안고 있는 문제점과 해결 방안의 모색에 주는 시사점을 살펴보고자 하였다. 수호믈린스키는 학교교육의 문제점을 교육목표의 불명확성과 학생들의 정신생활에 대한 관심의 부족 그리고 사유 수업의 부족 그리고 암기위주의 교육 등에서 찾았고 그 해결 방안으로서 기초 지식교육의 강화와 독서를 통한 정신생활을 풍요롭게 하는 교육, 휴식과 자유활동 시간의 충분한 제공, 교육평가 방법의 개선등을 주장하였다. 그의 이러한 주장은 현재 우리 교육이 해결해 나가야 주요한 과제 중의 하나이기도 하다. 따라서 그의 교육 실천을 통한 귀중한 경험은 우리 교육이 안고 있는 과제 해결을 위한 좋은 교훈이 될 수 있을 것이다. The research examines the discussions on school education depicted in Suhomlinsky's works. After that, their implications upon our education are discussed. The results of this research are as follows: Suhomlinsky considered the enrichment of the learners mental life as a primary goal of education. Therefore, school education must ensure that children's learning be a part of their abundant mental life, and that it must contribute to the building of children's wisdom and their becoming a whole being as humans. In this perspective, Suhomlinsky emphasized the importance of education that enriches the mental life through reading books. He insists that education through reading books is a valuable course in lifelong education, and suggests specific ways to put it into practice. He points out the need for the students' liberty to think freely in schools, and claimed that providing students with breaks and free times is a way to obtain invaluable treasures. His experinences in educational practices may provide implications that will help solve the problems our education faces today.
팽영일(Paeng, Yeong Il) 한국교육사상연구회 2007 敎育思想硏究 Vol.21 No.3
본 연구는 수호믈린스키의 저작에 나타난 교사론을 분석함으로써 우리의 교육 현실을 타개해 나가기 위한 교훈을 얻고자 한다. 이를 위해 그의 교사론이 형성된 배경으로서의 그의 생애와 교육 실천 활동의 모습을 살펴본 후 그의 아동관과 교사의 교육적인 소양론에 관한 논의를 분석한 후 그의 교사론이 우리 교육에 주는 시사점을 모색하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 그는 교사는 자기의 전문 지식을 자기가 가르치는 교과목의 범위를 초월하여 연구하여야 하며, 아동에 대해 충분한 지식과 이해를 토대로 지도하여야 한다고 지적하고 있다. 둘째, 그는 교사는 아동들의 정신생활의 지도자임을 명심하여야 한다고 지적하였다. 셋째, 교사의 교육적 소양을 기르기 위한 방법으로서 수업 참관을 적극적으로 권장하고 있는 점이다. 넷째, 교사는 교단 일기를 쓸 것을 권하고 있다. 그는 교단 일기를 교육적 중요한 자산으로 보고 있으며, 후일 교육박물관에 보관하면 좋겠다는 아이디어까지 제공하여 주고 있다. This research aims, through the view of a good teacher depicted in Suhomlinsky's works, to obtain a precept that may provide breakthrough for the realities of our education. To this end, his careers and his educational practices were initially investigated as backgrounds for the formation of a good teacher, after which the discussions of his views on children and his theories on teachers' educational attainment were analyzed. Finally. the implications of his good teacher′s theory upon our education are proposed. The results of this research are as follows: First, Suhomlinsky indicates that teachers must study beyond the province of their assigned subject in order to obtain their expert knowledge, and that their instructions must be based upon sufficient knowledge and through understanding of the children. Second, he emphasizes the need for the teachers to be reminded constantly that they are the guide of the children's mental life. Third, he strongly encourages class inspection as a means to promote the educational attainments of teachers. Fourth, he recommends to keep a teacher's diary. Suhomlinsky considers teachers' diaries as valuable educational assets, and even goes so far as to suggest that they should later be stored in the museum of education.