데이터기반 행정의 법제화

최환용 한국정책학회 2018 한국정책학회 세미나 Vol.2018 No.3

일본 지방분권개혁의 성과와 시사점

최환용 한국법제연구원 2005 법제연구 Vol.- No.29

Since Japan have promoted positively to decentralize the government system which is estimated the third reform in 1990s, there are results that four hundreds Acts, including Local Government Act, related to local government is revised. It is most important that reforms of decentralization include introducing notions of legal entrusted-affairs instead of local delegated-affairs and enlarging local governed affairs. It means that relationships between central government and local government are changed from commanding and supervising to equal and cooperative. It is true that there are general criticisms that it is incomplete reforms, todding step and introduction to reforms. However, it is in progressive that finance and 2nd government authority reforms is ready to follow 1st reforms as for government authority It is needless to say that it should be tried to find how to develop balanced territory and to encounter various administrative needs in Korea. Most desirable thing is to make decentralization gradual and planned in standing on the case in Japan.

지방분권국가의 법적 토대

최환용 한국공법학회 2008 公法硏究 Vol.37 No.1

Meat the formation of the national setup which has become the decentralization of authority which is a decentralization's nation. Decentralization the resources which is concentrated to the central government appropriately, disperses, the nation does to make balance whole, improves the effectiveness and a productivity of the state economy whole contributes. Recently amendment to the constitution leads and must strengthen the guarantee function of constitution discussion liveliness termination is about local self-governing. About current local self-governing the constitutional provision agrees a local self-governing system is not guaranteeing cannot to indication enough. Providing the fact which but, with type of local self-government is same detailed in constitution the investigation which is prudent from the side which is a flexibility of system is requested. In order constructs the legal base of the decentralization nation from first of all transfers a legislative and a administrative authority inclusively in the local self-government and accompanies hereupon and like financial authority degree must be transferred. Also, relaxes Director nation about the local self-governing group and sees the chance of state participation must guarantee widely. The local self-governing system the resident decides the problem of the area oneself and in principle of own responsibility which falls a responsibility establishes. Consequently the reinforcement of the resident participation system for a resident autonomous realization constructs the decentralization nation will become the base which is important. Abolition of agency charge business magnification etc. of autonomous mouth legal right etc. the side which is affirmative is presented is expects the propulsion which in future is effectiveness of decentralization policy from the decentralization of power promotion special law which opened a court recently. Is proposed during that time and the legal base of the decentralization nation which is come constructs to arrange the legal subjects for, solves and goes and the effort for must race. 지방분권국가란 분권화된 국가체제의 형성을 의미한다. 지방분권은 중앙정부에 집중되어 있는 자원을 적절하게 분산시키고, 국가 전체적으로 균형을 이루게 하여 국가경제 전체의 효율성과 생산성을 향상시키는데 기여한다. 최근 헌법개정을 통해서 지방자치에 대한 헌법의 보장적 기능을 강화해야 한다는 논의가 활발해지고 있다. 현행 지방자치에 관한 헌법규정은 지방자치제도를 충분히 보장하고 있지 못하다는 지적에는 동감한다. 그러나, 지방자치단체의 종류와 같은 세부적인 사항을 헌법에 규정하는 것은 제도의 탄력성이라는 측면에서 신중한 검토가 요청된다. 지방분권국가의 법적 토대를 구축하기 위해서는 우선 입법 및 사무권한을 포괄적으로 지방자치단체에 이양하고 이에 수반하여 재정권한도 같이 이양되어야 할 것이다. 더불어서, 지방자치단체에 대한 국가감독을 완화하고 국정참여의 기회를 보다 넓게 보장하여야 할 것이다. 지방자치는 지역의 문제를 주민 스스로 결정하고 책임을 지는 자기책임성의 원리에 기초한다. 따라서 주민자치 실현을 위한 주민참여제도의 강화는 지방분권국가를 구축하는데 중요한 토대가 될 것이다. 최근 개정된 지방분권촉진특별법에서는 기관위임사무의 폐지나 자치입법권의 확대 등 긍정적인 측면이 제시되고 있는 등 앞으로도 지방분권정책의 실효성 있는 추진을 기대하는 바이다. 그동안 제기되어 왔던 지방분권국가의 법적 토대를 구축하기 위한 법적 과제들을 정리하고 해결해 가기 위한 노력을 경주해야 할 것이다.

지역별 토지이용과 환경보전의 조화를 위한 법제연구

최환용 한국법제연구원 2006 법제연구 Vol.- No.31

The Sustainable Development Principle would aim to harmonize development and environmental preservation. Agenda 21 of UN Conference on Environmental Development emphasized the importance of local government's role for environmental preservation. The purpose of this study is on the legal reform for harmony of land-use and environmental preservation at local government. Firstly, I propose to improve planning function of local government in field on land-use and environmental preservation. It must be amended to simplify a planning's system and adjusted between land-use planing and environmental planing at local government. Secondly, I propose that Pre-review system of environmental effect make application to a local government. The Pre-review system of environmental effect must be extended to local government's developmental conduct. Finally, I propose that the assessment of the local environmental effect is to be a practical use for harmonization between land-use and environmental preservation at local government.

퍼스널 모빌리티 관리 및 운행에 관한 법적 검토

최환용 동국대학교 비교법문화연구원 2017 比較法硏究 Vol.17 No.2

일본 주민소송제도의 운용방향에 관한 연구

최환용 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2004 서울법학 Vol.12 No.0

지방자치법제의 쟁점과 전망

최환용 한국법제연구원 2008 법제연구 Vol.- No.34

The local autonomous legal system has gone through a eye-opening change for last 17 years. With reestablishing the Local Government Act, there are many discussions and legislative proposals to realize substantially a local autonomy in the trend of decentralism. However it is true that many problems remains unsolvable still. Because it is impossible to deal with every issue in the local autonomous legal system, the scope of study is limited to the issue of the authority distribution, the supervision and resident participation from a point of view to adjust relation between central government and local government. First, the issue of the authority distribution is a precondition to change controlled relation to cooperative relation between central government and local government. However it is difficult to classify delegated authority and autonomous authority under the Local Government Act. It is due to the reason that principle and criterion of authority distribution is obscure. Accordingly this study suggests to state it clearly and to apply it to individual laws and ordinances. Second, the supervision of the central government includes possibility of infringement on autonomy of the local government. This study suggests to improve laws and ordinances related to the Local Government Act to solve it. Third, with the legal system concerning residents participation this study reviews residents votes system, residents request for audit and inspection system, and residents recall system and so on. Consequently, this study estimates academic efforts and legislative outcomes to realize a local autonomy for last 17 years and recommends to reconsider fundamentally and comprehensively essence of it. The local autonomous legal system has gone through a eye-opening change for last 17 years. With reestablishing the Local Government Act, there are many discussions and legislative proposals to realize substantially a local autonomy in the trend of decentralism. However it is true that many problems remains unsolvable still. Because it is impossible to deal with every issue in the local autonomous legal system, the scope of study is limited to the issue of the authority distribution, the supervision and resident participation from a point of view to adjust relation between central government and local government. First, the issue of the authority distribution is a precondition to change controlled relation to cooperative relation between central government and local government. However it is difficult to classify delegated authority and autonomous authority under the Local Government Act. It is due to the reason that principle and criterion of authority distribution is obscure. Accordingly this study suggests to state it clearly and to apply it to individual laws and ordinances. Second, the supervision of the central government includes possibility of infringement on autonomy of the local government. This study suggests to improve laws and ordinances related to the Local Government Act to solve it. Third, with the legal system concerning residents participation this study reviews residents votes system, residents request for audit and inspection system, and residents recall system and so on. Consequently, this study estimates academic efforts and legislative outcomes to realize a local autonomy for last 17 years and recommends to reconsider fundamentally and comprehensively essence of it.

일본 간사이 광역연합 사례

최환용 한국자치학회 2021 월간 공공정책 Vol.190 No.-

조례에 대한 입법평가제도 도입가능성

최환용 한국지방자치법학회 2009 지방자치법연구(地方自治法硏究) Vol.9 No.2

일본 지방분권일괄법의 제정 경위와 추진 성과

최환용 한국지방자치법학회 2017 지방자치법연구(地方自治法硏究) Vol.17 No.4

The government of Japan has strongly promoted the decentralization reform since 1990. In particular, the reform is characterized by efforts to establish an institutional basis, i.e., the enactment of the “Law on the Amendments of Related Laws to Promote Decentralization”; so-called the “Omnibus Decentralization Law.” The reasons why Japan adopted such legislative form as the “Omnibus Decentralization Law” can be explained as follows: In order to promote decentralization, related laws should be amended for the same purpose and objective in a certain direction, such as cancellation of delegation of administrative affairs by each government agency; and it is necessary to secure consistency with the Local Autonomy Law, which is the basis of the local autonomy system. In other words, the “Omnibus Decentralization Law” of Japan can be said to be a legislative form for efficiently promoting the devolution of power and responsibilities, while maintaining the direction of the decentralization reform by reflecting the general direction of decentralization in all individual related laws in blanket. In summary, the decentralization reform in Japan was promoted by formulating a promotion plan based on discussions among people at all levels of society on the objectives and direction of the decentralization reform, detailed tasks to be peformed, etc.; determining the direction of the institutional design for the reform; and then determining the methods for improving the legal system. It is possible to draw implications from the fact that institutional stability and consistency has been secured by systemizing the results of decentralization, along with such methods for institutional improvement, with the “Local Autonomy Law”, which is the basis of local autonomy. Meanwhile, from the point of view of the main promoter, the power to drive the decentralization reform was secured by adopting the Top-Down system by which schemes for supplementing defects were formulated and implemented through large-scale reviews under the direction of the Prime Minister. Also in the Republic of Korea, it is necessary to rearrange detailed tasks of promotion discussed to date and establish a new basis for further discussions through the legislative form of the “Omnibus Decentralization Law.” In addition, it is necessary to secure institutional stability and consistency by reflecting the results of decentralization in the Local Autonomy Act and the Local Finance Act, which are the bases of the local autonomy system, and other statutes related to local autonomy. 일본에서는 1990년 이후 지방분권 개혁을 강력하게 추진해왔다. 특히, “지방분권의 추진을 위한 관계 법률의 정리 등에 관한 법률”, 즉 지방분권일괄법을 제정하는 등 제도적 기반 구축에 노력해 왔다는 점에서 특징적이다. 일본에서 “지방분권일괄법‘이라는 법형식을 채택하게 된 이유는 지방분권을 추진하기 위해서는 동일한 취지와 목적을 가져야 하며, 기관위임사무 페지와 같은 일정한 방향성을 가지면서 관계 법률이 개정되어야 하며, 지방자치제도의 근간이 되는 지방자치법과의 정합성을 확보할 필요가 있기 때문이라고 설명된다. 즉 일본의 ’지방분권일괄법‘은 지방분권의 총론적 방향을 관계 되는 개별 법률에 일괄하여 반영함으로써 지방분권 개혁의 방향성을 일관성 있게 유지하면서 권한과 책임의 이양을 효율적으로 추진하기 위한 법률 형식이라 할 수 있다. 일본의 지방분권 개혁과정을 정리하자면, 분권개혁의 목표와 방향, 세부 추진과제 등에 대한 사회 각계 각층의 논의를 기반으로 추진계획이 수립되고, 이에 대한 제도적 설계 방향이 정해지고 법제도에 대한 제도 개선방식이 정해진다. 이러한 제도적 개선방식과 더불어 지방분권의 성과를 지방자치의 근간이 되는 “지방자치법”에 체계화시킴으로써 제도적인 안정화와 일관성을 확보하고 있다는 점에서 시사점을 도출해 볼 수 있다. 또한 추진주체의 관점에서는 내각 총리대신을 정점으로 하여 큰 틀에서의 점검을 통해서 미진한 부분에 대한 보완방안을 수립하여 시행하고 있는 TOP-DOWN 방식을 채택함으로써 지방분권 개혁의 추진동력을 확보하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에도 ‘지방분권일괄법’이라는 법 형식을 통해서 논의되어왔던 세부 추진과제들을 정비하고, 새로운 논의의 토대를 형성할 수 있도록 할 필요가 있다. 더불어서 지방분권의 성과들을 지방자치제도의 근간이 되는 지방자치법과 지방재정법 등 지방자치관련 법령에 반영함으로써 제도적 안정화 및 일관성을 확보할 필요가 있다.