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최형식(Choi, Hyung-Sik),장호남(Chang, Ho-Nam) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 신재생에너지 Vol.5 No.4
Potential yield of micro wind turbine on the roof of urban high rise buildings is estimated. Urban wind profile is modeled as logarithmic profile above the mean building height with roughness length 0.8, displacement 7.5 m. Mean wind velocity from the meteorological agency data at the hight of 50m is used. Wind velocity changes are simulated on the rectangular roof of 26, 45, 53 degree pitch and the circular roof by computational fluid dynamics and RNG k-varepsilon turbulence models. Wind velocity increased approximately by a factor of the order of 270 % on the 26 degree pitched roof. In the 100 m and 200 m high buildings, wind enhancement is greater at the front side than at the center of the building. In the building arrangement model wind velocity changes abruptly and it becomes wind gusts. When commercial wind turbines are installed on the building roof, average power and annual power generation enhanced by 3~4 times than normal wind velocity at 50m and 6 kw wind turbine can generate 1053 kwh per month on the 26 degree pitched roof at 50m height and sufficiently supply electrical power with 15 household for common electrical use and food waste disposer. However, power output will vary significantly by the wind conditions in the order of pm 20 %.
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최형식(Choi, Hyung-Sik) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2009 역사문화연구 Vol.33 No.-
19세기 말과 20세기 초 유대인 사회의 삶은 집단 정체성의 강화와 유대인 사회내부의 구조적인 문제에 대한 새로운 전략으로 특징지을 수 있다. 경제위기와 그 결과 등장한 반유대주의와 민족주의 그리고 전쟁, 혁명과 정치적 불안에 직면하여 유대인 공동체는 그들의 활동영역을 확대하였을 뿐만 아니라 이제 유대인 사회 내부의 정치적·사상적 대립의 광장이 되었다 이러한 상황의 중요한 결과로서 유대인 조직과 연맹들이 탄생하였다. 여기서 유대인 청년들도 예외는 아니었 다. 유대인 청년운동 조직들의 탄생은 사실 독일 청년운동 조직들과의 의도적인 분리가 아니라 점증하는 반유대주의로 인한 증오의 결과로 나타난 불가피한 분리였다. 그리하여 유대인 청년운동은 독일 청년운동의 전통과 가치관 그리고 규범을 그대로 수용하였을 뿐만 아니라 반유대주의를 극복하여 유대인 청년들이 독일청년운동조직에 다시 통합되는 것이었다. 그러나 유대인 청년운동조직의 대표 격이었던 KC와 BW는 동일한 목적으로 탄생하였다고 하더라도 그 목적을 성취하 기 위한 길은 서로 달랐다. KC는 동화주의로, BW는 시온주의 길을 걸으면서 반유대주의를 극복하는 것이었다. 즉 1880년대 이후 등장한 반유대주의의 확산은 유대인들로 하여금 한편으로는 완전한 동화를 통하여 ‘선한 독일인’이 되는데 더 욱 노력을 기울이도록 하였으며 또 다른 한편으로는 유대인은 결코 독일사회에서 영원한 이방인일 수밖에 없음을 깨닫고 유대주의를 더 이상 종교가 아닌 유대민족으로 규정하면서 시오니즘을 강화시켰다. 전자는 자유주의(동화주의)에 기초한 KC의 성향이었다면 후자는 시온주의에 기초한 BW의 입장이었다. It can be said that the life of Jews at the end of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century was characterized by the reinforcement of group identity and the establishment of a new strategy against anti-Semitism. Faced with the rising anti-Semitism, nationalism and political unease - such as wars and revolutions - which emerged as a result of the economic crisis, the Jewish community became a hotbed of internal political and ideological confrontations. As an important consequence of such a situation, Europe’s Jews formed their own organizations and associations. Jewish youngsters did not allow themselves to be excluded from this development. The launch of Jewish youth movement organizations was not in fact a deliberate attempt on the part of young Jews to separate themselves from their German counterparts, but an unavoidable choice made out of their antipathy towards the growing anti-Semitism. Thus, their movement adopted the traditions, values and norms of the German youth movement as they were. Not only that, they considered rejoining the German youth movement after overcoming anti-Semitism. However, the KC and the BW, both of which played a leading role in the Jewish youth movement, followed different paths to achieve their own ends, although they started out with the same purpose. The former adopted the principle of assimilation, while the latter opted for Zionism, in their efforts to overcome anti-Semitism. The new surge in anti-Semitism from the 1880s onwards led some Jews to see the need to make even greater efforts to join the ranks of "good Germans" based on the principle of thorough assimilation. However, other Jews saw clearly that they would always be nothing more than strangers amid German society and launched a stronger Zionist movement, no longer defining Judaism as a religion but as the basis of the Jewish race itself. The former indicated the KC’s propensity based on liberalism (assimilation), while the latter was the position adopted by the BW based on Zionism.
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최형식 ( Hyung Sik Choi ) 한국철학사상연구회 2006 시대와 철학 Vol.17 No.4
This essay is made on the purpose of analyze the China`s cultural strategy, expecially in the condition of globalization. Joined to the World Trade Organization(WTO), the Chinese Communist Party has concentrate his effort to preserve the socialistic community order and the market economy. For effective analyze, this essay devide two aspect against the party line of the China`s cultural strategy on the processing of globalization. One point is `the negative discourse` and the other point is `the positive discourse`. The meaning of `the negative discourse` is accommodate the Occidentalism in advance, on the basic of this situation, then pursuit to nation`s development. And the other method -`the positive discourse`- is present one`s nations superiority first, pursuit to overcome the Occidentalism. After joined to the WTO, Chinese Communist Party has emphasized the two idea. The one is the `rule by the law(法治)`, and the other is the `rule by the virtue(德治)`. In China, It is possible to analyze that the `Rule by the law` belongs to `the negative discourse`, because of the `rule by the law` represent Occidental civilization. On the contrary, the `rule by the virtue` belongs to `the positive discourse`. Because the `rule by the virtue` is represent Chinese traditional ruling system. So it is possible to consider that the China`s cultural strategy is mainly composed two aspects. On the one hand, adopt the policy that is called the `rule by the law` to develop the market economy, and the other hand, emphasize the `rule by the virtue` to preserve the socialistic community order. In the conditions of globalization that most of the under-developed nations are overwhelmed by Occidentalism, China`s cultural strategy would have very important meaning. The success or failure of China`s cultural strategy could influence most of the under-developed nations. But most important thing that guarantee to success cultural strategy, Chinese Communist Party must effort to improve social clarity and rationality.
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전통과 변화 - 독일 제2 제정기 유대인 가족과 유대인 여성 -
최형식(Choi Hyung-Sik) 부산경남사학회 2005 역사와 경계 Vol.57 No.-
In a sense that the Jewish culture and religion were the basic premise for the preservation of the Jewish identity, the Jewish family has taken an important role in preserving the Jewish religion and culture. Moreover, for Jews who set a high value on their religious activities, family meant an important space for community building and religious activities. The rigid observance of table rule(Speisegobot) as well as the observance of the Sabbath, and the performance of religious festival was a factor that ruled their family. The children who were too young to take religious class had acquired the traditional Jewish emotional mood at home. The close relationship between family and religion has made it possible for Judaism to exist for thousands years. Taking these kinds of religious roles, Jewish women also tried to transform their families with the values of middle-class civil family. The Jewish families have experienced a rapid change for the nineteenth century. The liberation of Jews, the cultural transformation(Akkulturation), and the upgrade of the socio-economic status of Jews have made the civil family and its value to be the typical factors of the Jewish families. The construction and function of family changed after their social upgrade. Now Jews no longer live only within their own socio-cultural world, but, maintaining their own unique group identity with the acquired legal equality, try to devote themselves to the integration of the whole Germans. Thus, the Jewish family took tow kinds of function. Family is still an important space for the maintenance of the Jewish identity, and at the same time is an area which, by accepting the cultural value of Christianity and the behavioral rules of citizen, enabled them to upgrade into a civil class. The role of Jewish women and the importance of their family were very crucial for maintaining the Judaism within the system of modern society. The Jewish families and women, in the second German imperial period in which tradition and modernity were mixed together, had shown a double attitude of conserving the traditional values, and accepting actively the modern values of civil society. However, this kind of double standard was not looked upon as contradictory to Jewish women. In this sense, while, due to their socio-economic upgrade and through their frequent contact with Christian society, Jewish men's traditional roles at home have been reduced since the latter period of the nineteenth century, Jewish women, by way of accepting the civil values within their family circle without giving up their Jewish tradition, were able to overcome the crisis of Jewish identity in the midst of the secularization process and under the threat of anti-semitism.
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건물 지붕 구조를 활용한 건물일체형 풍력발전시스템의 성능 예측
최형식(Choi, Hyung-Sik),장호남(Chang, Ho-Nam) 한국신재생에너지학회 2008 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10
We simulated the performance improvement of a wind turbine installed on the pitched roof-building(apartment in urban area, 50m height). A nozzle shape wind guide is added on the roof of a model apartment. The nozzle-diifuser structure effects for the free stream wind (average 4m/s, 50m height in Incheon) is studied by a basic CFD analysis. This paper examines the effects of roof structure on the wind velocity and the wind distortion effects by a front building. The possible wind power generation capacity on building roof in urban is calculated.
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